ATranslate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.8. research and development
10. global economic governance
ACorrect or improve the translation of the following English sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:Pollution is a live issue.
译文:污染是个生活问题。
改译:
污染是个备受关注的问题。
[解析] live issue意为“备受关注的问题,尚在争论中的问题”。
2. 原文:Many Americans believe that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.
译文:许多美国人认为,竞争与民主同样重要,在保护自由方面甚至比民主还重要。
改译:
许多美国人认为,在保护自由方面,竞争与民主同样重要,甚至比民主还重要。
[解析] 介词短语in preserving freedom的限定范围包括competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy,所以应该置前翻译,使其表达整体意义。
3. 原文:The European Commission announced that a total of 15 EU states, plus Switzerland and Hong Kong, are now known to have received egg products contaminated by an insecticide.
译文:欧盟委员会宣布,现在共有15个欧盟国家以及瑞士和中国香港被知道进口了受杀虫剂污染的鸡蛋产品。
改译:
欧盟委员会宣布,现在已知共有15个欧盟国家以及瑞士和中国香港进口了受杀虫剂污染的鸡蛋产品。
[解析] 被动语态应改译为主动语态,所以are now known应译为“已知”而非“被知道”。
4. 原文:But does this have anything to do with global warming, and are human emissions to blame?
译文:但这与全球气候变暖有关吗?人类的碳排放该指责谁呢?
改译:
但这与全球气候变暖有关吗?人类的碳排放是肇事之因吗?
[解析] 短语be to blame意为“对某事应负责任的,应受责备的”。
5. 原文:It seems that wherever maples grow, there is a tradition to honor them.
译文:似乎无论枫树生长在哪里,都有歌颂它的传统。
改译:
无论枫树生长在哪里,人们似乎都有歌颂它的传统。
[解析] It seems that…是表示推测的情态表达,此处应增译主语“人们”,“似乎”应置于主语“人们”之后。
BCorrect or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:肯定有许多更为简单、更为有效的方法去评定一个人的真实能力。
译文:There must be many more simple and effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities.
改译:
There must be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities.
[解析] simple的比较级是simpler,effective的比较级是more effective。
2. 原文:思想把一种叫做人的动物与其他的动物区别开来了。
译文:Thoughts distinguish from the other animals the one referred to as humans.
改译:
Thinking distinguishes from the other animals the one referred to as humans.
[解析] 此句中的名词“思想”强调人类与动物的区别,
3. 原文:经济领域当中存在着许多不平等的竞争。
译文:Economic field exists a lot of unfair competition.
改译:
There exists a lot of unfair competition in the economy.
[解析] “存在着”一般译为固定句式there exist…,因此需要调整语序。
4. 原文:利用字母的排列顺序来形成单词,有其特殊的意义。
译文:Words formed out of the sequencing of letters have their own special significance.
改译:
There is special significance in forming words out of the sequencing of letters.
[解析] 原文中指有特殊的意义的是“利用字母的排列顺序来形成单词”这件事,而非“单词”,所以要用there be结构,将“利用字母的排列顺序来形成单词”这一较长的内容放在句尾,更符合英语的表达习惯。
5. 原文:(中国)传统节日渐行渐远,西方节日大行其道。
译文:Traditional Chinese festivals are gradually receding from us, Western festivals are becoming more and more popular.
改译:
Traditional Chinese festivals are gradually receding from us while Western festivals are becoming more and more popular.
[解析] 原文表达了中西方对比的意思,需要用连接词while表现出对比关系。
ATranslate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. Over the library of one of our great law schools is inscribed the motto, “Not under man but under God and law.”
That's the ruling principle of American freedom, the source of our democratic liberties. I’ve tried to make it my guide throughout this contest.
这是美国自由的核心原则,也是民主自由的滥觞。
[解析] 将名词短语翻译为并列句“这是……,也是……”,更符合汉语的表达习惯。
2.
As more countries recognize the importance of higher education and are willing to invest more resources in it, competition for talents in college education has become increasingly vigorous. To maintain its edge, this university made every endeavor to foster a multicultural and innovative learning environment with emphasis on overseas exposure and entrepreneurship.
随着越来越多的国家认识到高等教育的重要性,并愿意为其投入更多的资源,高等教育的人才争夺也愈演愈烈。
[解析] for talents in college education是后置定语,修饰competition,翻译时应作为前置定语,所以译为“高等教育的人才争夺”。
3. Obama also called climate change and nuclear proliferation “challenges that neither of our nations can solve by acting alone.”
He said the two will continue to “build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive relationship.”
他说两国将继续“构建积极合作的全面伙伴关系”。
[解析] 根据前一句中的neither of our nations“我们两个国家都不能”,可知此处的two代指two nations,所以译为“两国”。
4. When China and the United Kingdom began negotiating Hong Kong's future in the 1980s, there was skepticism about what would happen to the city's world-renowned rule of law.
Mistrust by the international community endured after the Chinese government proposed the unprecedented “one country, two systems” principle.
中国政府提出史无前例的“一国两制”方针后,国际社会依然心存疑虑。
[解析] after引导一个时间状语从句,翻译成汉语时需要前置;原文中主句的主语是mistrust,是由international community产生的,翻译成汉语时应将主语改译为“国际社会”。
5. Some people consider their journey like a jaunty tour. They will just go merrily along.
Others will encounter many upsets, tears and losses on their jourmey. Others still, will linger on to offer a helping hand to anyone in need. Some people on the train will leave an everlasting impression when they get off.
另有一些人在旅途中会遇上许多烦心事,泪流涟涟,每每失落。
[解析] 原文中upsets,tears,losses均为名词复数,注意变换表达形式,将抽象概念具体化。
BTranslate the following underlined sentences into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. 过去20多年,世界各国的外国直接投资政策主要集中于吸引外国的直接投资。
发展中国家之间签订的双边投资协议增长很快,反映出这些国家也出现了对外投资(outbound investment)。
The very fast growth of bilateral investment agreements signed between developing countries reflects the emergence of outbound investment from these countries.
[解析] “双边投资协议”是专业术语,译为bilateral investment agreements。
2. 恐惧和信念每时每刻都会和我们同在,而
我们总是根据它来行事的那种感情,即我们刻意培养的情感,将会支配我们的生活。
The emotion that we continually act upon, that is, the one we feed, will dominate our lives.
[解析] 原文中的主语是“感情”,有两个定语对其进行修饰,翻译成英语时可以用定语从句进行表达。
3.
美国股市遭遇三个月来最大跌幅,华尔街的“恐慌指数”也跃升至美国大选以来最高水平,其他国家股票市场也受到了不小的影响。
The US stock market suffered its steepest decline in three months.
[解析] “遭遇”表达消极意义,用suffer进行翻译更符合英语的表达习惯。
4.
相传在中国古代,洪水肆虐,人民苦不堪言。大禹决心治水,但船不能行,有黄龙来为他负舟,于是导水成功。
Legend has it that in ancient China, rampant floods brought about untold misery and hardship to the people.
[解析] 原文中“洪水肆虐”和“人民苦不堪言”是并列关系,实际逻辑关系为因果关系,即洪水肆虐导致人民苦不堪言,所以翻译时应采用bring about表达因果关系。
5. “哲学就是概念游戏。”这种说法其实指出,
哲学家的职责是对概念做精深细致的分析,揭示出这些概念的种种含义以及与其他概念的联系。
The task of philosophers is to conduct thorough analyses of concepts, revealing the meanings of those concepts and their relations to the others.
[解析] 划线句子后半句可以作为结果状语从句,应用动词-ing形式引导状语从句。
ATranslate the following passage into Chinese.Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. The westward movement of the ancient Silk Road evolved over many centuries since the Han Dynasty. Afterward, it reached its peak during the Tang Dynasty with the increased exchange of goods and knowledge. The latter was gradually developed in search of both religious and spiritual knowledge by sending imperial missions and cultural exchanges between China and India, the Middle East, and Western Asia through the Silk Road. Spiritual-seeking monks in Buddhist, Confucian, and Daoist traditions were enriched in their own traditions and religious knowledge with their mutual encounters among themselves. Traveling merchants became benefactors (施主) of the temples of worship by sharing their wealth and then attaining merits and blessings from monks and divine force. Thus, the vibrant Chinese civilization was further augmented by interacting with distant Babylonian, Egyptian, Indian, and Persian civilizations.
[参考译文]
自汉代以来,古丝绸之路不断向西延伸,历时数百年;到唐代达到巅峰,商品贸易频繁,知识交流增强。在唐朝,中国与印度、中东、西亚各国,经由丝绸之路,互派使者,进行文化交流,探寻宗教思想、精神认识,达到鼎盛时期。追求心灵修炼的僧侣、道士和儒学之士互相交流,思想碰撞交融,不断丰富着各自的传统观念与宗教知识。商旅们捐资而后获取功德,并得到修炼之士的福佑以及神灵的庇护,成为神庙的施主。因此,充满活力的中华文明与遥远的巴比伦、埃及、印度、波斯文明相互交流,变得更加绚丽多彩。
[解析] ①the westward movement在文中指古丝绸之路“向西延伸”,而非专有名词“西进运动”;②evolve意为“进化,逐步发展”,结合语境应译为“延伸”;③the Han Dynasty和the Tang Dynasty均指中国古代的朝代,分别为“汉代”和“唐代”;④并列名词短语the increased exchange of goods and knowledge应根据具体对象分开翻译,译为独立的两句,即“商品贸易频繁”和“知识交流增强”;⑤the latter代指the Tang Dynasty,翻译时需要指明是“在唐朝”;⑥Buddhist,Confucian和Daoist是文化专有名词,分别译为“僧侣”,“儒学之士”和“道士”;⑦名词短语their mutual encounters among themselves应转换词性为动词短语“思想碰撞交融”;⑧traveling merchants直译为“旅行的商人”,此处译为“商旅”更符合汉语的表达习惯;⑨sharing their wealth直译为“分享他们的财富”,此处译为“捐资”更符合语境;⑩被动语态was further augmented应转换为主动语态“变得更加绚丽多彩”。
BTranslate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. 在中国,每年农历八月十五人们过中秋节。这是一个古老的节日。古代帝王有春天祭日、秋天祭月的社制,民间也有中秋祭月之风。现在,严肃的祭月拜月活动已被与家人赏月等游乐活动所替代。在这一天,人们无论在哪里工作,都要回家与家人团聚。月饼象征着团圆,因此成为晚餐桌上必备食品之一。一家人坐在一起,吃着月饼、水果,欣赏月亮美景,其乐融融。
[参考译文]
People in China celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month every year. The Mid-Autumn Festival dates back to the ancient times when emperors or kings routinely worshipped the Sun in spring and the Moon in autumn, and plain folks also paid homage to the Moon in mid-autumn. Nowadays, the once solemn worshipping rituals have given way to enjoying the moon with the family and other recreational activities. On this day, people will come back home from their work to have a family reunion. As moon-cakes symbolize gathering, they have become indispensable at the dinner table. All members of the family sit together and have a wonderful time, enjoying moon-cakes, fruits and the beauty of the moon.
[解析] ①日期的表达“农历八月十五”应该译为the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month;②“过中秋节”应该选用实义动词celebrate,即celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival;③“春天祭日、秋天祭月”中有两个“祭”,翻译时可以省略一个,即worship the Sun in spring and the Moon in autumn;④文中的“严肃的”指的是仪式庄严,所以应该用形容词solemn而非serious;⑤“已被……所替代”表示现在完成时态,所以用现在完成式结构have given way to;⑥“与家人团聚”可以用动宾结构have a family reunion表示;⑦“必备”可用形容词indispensable“不可缺少的”表示;⑧“其乐融融”可意译为have a wonderful time。