ACorrect or improve the translation of the following English sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:Languages are difficult to learn and no less difficult to teach.
译文:语言,学起来很困难,教起来则比较容易。
改译:
语言,学起来很困难,教起来也不容易。
[解析] no less表示与前面的事物比较,意思是“不差于;不低于”,引申为:“同样;依然”。
2. 原文:We believe strong dialogue is important not only for the U.S. and China, but for the rest of the world.
译文:我们相信,强有力的对话不仅对美中,而且对世界其他国家来说都是重要的。
改译:
我们相信,加强对话不仅对美中,而且对世界其他国家来说都是重要的。
[解析] 此次形容词strong“强有力的”改译为动词“加强”更符合汉语表达习惯。
3. 原文:When you throw a stone into the water, it finds the quickest way to the bottom of the water.
译文:当你把一块石头扔到水里,它会找到一个最快的方式沉到水底。
改译:
当你把一块石头扔到水里,它会以最快的速度沉到水底。
[解析] 习语find…way to意为“以……方式”,此处结合语境引申为“以最快的速度”。
4. 原文:A brief glimpse at an American daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business.
译文:对一份美国日报的快速浏览会生动显示出美国人对商务有多么关注。
改译:
快速浏览一份美国的日报,你就会清楚地看到美国人对商务有多么关注。
[解析] 原句中以A brief glimpse at an American daily newspaper作主语,这是人的动作,所以译为汉语时应增译主语,以人为主语,将原句的主语A brief glimpse at an American daily newspaper改为状语“对一份美国日报的快速浏览”。
5. 原文:Genetic variations between members of the human species mean that there will always be some people who don't succumb to a particular infection.
译文:人群中的基因变异意味着总有一些人不会屈服于某一种特定的感染。
改译:
人群中的基因变异意味着总有一些人不会被某种特定的感染整垮。
[解析] succumb to直译为“屈服于”,此处译为“被……整垮”更符合汉语表达习惯。
BCorrect or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:他上过高中,在我父母那个年代算是文化水平极高的了。
译文:He went to senior high school, which was regarded as fairly high cultural level among the generation of my parents.
改译:
He went to senior high school, which was regarded as fairly high educational level among the generation of my parents.
[解析] 此处的“文化水平”指受教育程度,所以不能直译为cultural level,而应该译为educational level。
2. 原文:当人们品味镌刻于汉字中博大精深的内涵与韵味时,一个“新北京”诞生了。
译文:As people ponder on the rich connotations and charms of these Chinese words, a “New Beijing” has thus been brought forward.
改译:
As people ponder on the rich connotations and charms of these Chinese characters, a “New Beijing” has thus been brought forward.
[解析] 名词“汉字”一般译为Chinese characters。
3. 原文:近年来,中国文学翻译取得了很大发展,但现状却不容乐观。
译文:Chinese translated literature has gained much development in recent years, but the present situation is hardly optimistic.
改译:
Chinese translated literature has gained much development in recent years, but we cannot be optimistic about the present situation./ Chinese translated literature has gained much development in recent years, but the present situation is far from satisfying.
[解析] 后半句中的主语the present situation与表语optimistic不匹配,optimistic是人的主观状态,形容the present situation可以用形容词satisfying。所以可以改为we cannot be optimistic about the present situation.或the present situation is far from satisfying.
4. 原文:与我们通常的想法相悖的是,阳光并非总是以直线形式传播。
译文:Against our common understanding, sunlight does not always travel in straight lines.
改译:
Contrary to our common understanding, sunlight does not always travel in straight lines.
[解析] 短语“与……相悖”放在句首应该译为contrary to。
5. 原文:虽然美国多次声明恪守“一个中国”政策,但它应以实际行动来信守诺言,而不能食言。
译文:Although the US has reaffirmed many times that it adheres to the one-China policy, it should take actions that honor its words, rather than eating its words.
改译:
Although the US has reaffirmed many times that it adheres to the one-China policy, it should take actions that honor its words, rather than breaking its promise/ word.
[解析] 习语“食言”应该译为break one's promise/ word,而不能直译为eat one's word.
A Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. Pirate spiders invade the webs of other spiders, in a bid to lure and then kill the unlucky architect. Gently, they pluck the strings of the web, enticing the host to approach.
Once the host spider has ventured close enough, the pirate makes its move.
一旦蜘蛛网的主人冒险来到足够近的距离,强盗蜘蛛就采取行动。
[解析] host spider意为“蜘蛛网的主人”,make one's move意为“采取行动”。
2.
As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantages.
大学如今已成为提高国家竞争力与维护和平的工具,这在大学的历史上是前所未有的。
[解析] As never before in their long history是状语,可以放在主句后面翻译,更符合汉语表达习惯。their代指universities,需译为“大学的”。
3. Employers have plenty of jobs to fill but potential hires are in short supply, according to a new report by a British institution.
The number of open permanent jobs grew at the fastest rate in 27 months in July. Meanwhile, the availability of both permanent and temporary workers fell sharply.
7月份,长期工作岗位空缺的数量以27个月以来最快的速度增长。
[解析] 形容词open结合语境应该译为“空缺”;at the fastest rate in 27 months是状语,译为“以27个月以来最快的速度”。
4. Risk is a fact of business life. Entrepreneurs face many challenges when starting a new business.
Despite the risks implicit in doing business, CEOs and risk management officer—no matter the size of the business, from small to corporate giant—can prepare for them if they know what they are.
尽管商业活动隐藏着风险,但不论公司规模如何,是小型公司还是商业巨头,只要公司首席执行官和风险管理专员知道是何风险,就能对风险有所防备。
[解析] 破折号中间的插入语no matter the size of the business, from small to corporate giant作让步状语,可以放到主句前翻译,使破折号前后组成结构完整的一句话。
5. “Oh, yes, I want to tell you. I don't want you wondering about this.
Her father objected to our romance. I was a foreigner. I had no prospects, and was dependent on my father. When I wrote Father that I wanted to get married, he cut off my allowance.”
她父亲反对我们谈情说爱;我是外国人,没什么前途,还要依靠父亲。
[解析] romance意为“浪漫”,结合语境应该译为“谈情说爱”;prospects意为“前景,预期”,结合语境应该译为“前途”;I was a foreigner. I had no prospects, and was dependent on my father.两句中主语都是“我”,可以合成一句翻译,省略一个主语。
BTranslate the following underlined sentences into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. 改革开放以来,中国社会经济迅速发展,取得了举世公认的成就。
但一个明显的事实是,同经济发展相比,社会发展明显滞后。
Yet, it is obvious that its social development is lagging behind that of its economy.
[解析] 此句可用形式主语it is+形容词+that…的格式;“滞后”可译为lag behind。
2.
对中国而言,地缘政治的(geopolitical)重中之重是避免跟美国发生直接对抗。但是很多有影响的美国学者已要求华盛顿遏制中国崛起。
The number one geopolitical priority of China is to avoid a direct confrontation with the US.
[解析] 原句中“对中国而言,地缘政治的(geopolitical)重中之重”的逻辑关系为“中国地缘政治的重中之重”,可以直接作为主语,译为The number one geopolitical priority of China。
3.
PP (聚丙烯)原本是一种极其顽固的原料,要将它变成纤维本是一件不大可能的事情。直到1993年,意大利化学家经过几十次的实验,终于把聚丙烯瓶子变成毛线。
PP is originally such a stable raw material that it is almost impossible to turn it into fibers.
[解析] 划线句子后半句补充说明“是一种极其顽固的原料”,可以用such a+形容词+名词+that…的结构表明程度之重。
4. 再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历,每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因此时间即生命。
没有人不爱惜他的生命,但很少人珍视他的时间。
Nevertheless, few people treasure their time as much as their life.
[解析] 原句为两个并列句,可以用as much as句式译为单句。
5. 新中国成立后,我国的文化事业日益繁荣兴旺。
戏曲、电影、音乐、舞蹈、绘画以及工艺美术等,有了长足的进步。
Great progress has been made in drama, film, music, dance, painting, arts and crafts, etc.
[解析] 原句的主动语态应翻译为被动语态,表示在戏曲、电影、音乐、舞蹈、绘画以及工艺美术等方面的进步是被完成的。
ATranslate the following passage into Chinese.Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. In a person's life, no period is more awkward than adolescence. Teenagers are often frustrated and ready to rebel against the world. Few books have captured this real experience like J. D. Salinger's (J. D. 塞林格) novel The Catcher in the Rye (《麦田守望者》). It is a novel filled with symbolism. Many of its topics were extremely controversial, so Salinger had to veil his meanings behind metaphors. The novel's theme is the loss of innocence as children become adults. In many ways, Holden (霍尔顿) is an odd choice for a main character owing to his negativity. But a closer look reveals that his poor behavior stems from being frightened, because like most teens he has trouble making sense of the world. Although the book was written over 60 years ago, contemporary adolescents still identify with Holden's thoughts and ideas about life.
[参考译文]
人生中没有哪个阶段比青春期更为尴尬。青少年经常受挫,动不动就产生逆反心理。没有几部作品能像J.D.塞林格的小说《麦田守望者》那样刻画了这种真实的感受。这是一部充满象征主义的小说。小说中的许多话题颇具争议,因此,塞林格不得不将其寓意隐藏于隐喻之中。小说的主题是孩子们长大成人便失去了纯真。从很多方面看,选择霍尔顿作为主人公很不寻常,因为他负面消极。然而,如果你仔细阅读就会发现,霍尔顿的拙劣行为源于恐惧。因为和大多数青少年一样,霍尔顿难以理解这个世界。虽然这是一部60多年前的作品,但当代青少年依然认同霍尔顿关于人生的思想观念。
[解析] ①no…more awkward than…意为“没有……比……更为尴尬”;②rebel against意为“反抗……”,ready to rebel against the world可意译为“动不动就产生逆反心理”;③symbolism意为“象征主义”;④veil…behind…意为“把……隐藏于……”;⑤metaphor指“隐喻”,是一种修辞手法;⑥the loss of innocence需转换词性,将名词短语转换为动词短语,可译为“失去了纯真”;⑦owing to his negativity在句子中作原因状语,可译成单独的半句放在句尾,注意将negativity的名词词性转换为形容词;⑧But a closer look reveals…这一句是人的动作作主语,需要增译主语,将主语转换成人,译为“如果你仔细阅读就会发现”;⑨stem from意为“源于……”;identify with意为“认同……”。
BTranslate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. 痛苦和幸福是相伴随而行的。只有痛苦和人生的悲剧才能强有力地告诉我们一定要珍惜自己的幸福生活。莎士比亚创作的《哈姆雷特》是一出悲剧。剧中哈姆雷特的生活是一出悲剧,但他的生活悲剧具有启发意义,帮助我们真正理解生活。我们看完后会感同身受,可能会回想起自己过去痛苦的经历,所以会觉得更应该追求幸福的生活。
[参考译文]
Suffering and happiness usually go hand in hand. In fact, nothing but sufferings and life tragedies can effectively make it clear to us that we must value our happy life. The play Hamlet by Shakespeare is a tragedy. Its hero Hamlet lives a tragic life, but his life tragedies are enlightening, helping us to gain a true understanding of life. After watching the play, we may sympathize with hero, probably recall our painful experiences, and thus make it a greater obligation to pursue a happy life of our own.
[解析] ①“相伴随而行”可译为短语go hand in hand;第二句和第一句之间存在衔接关系,需用连接短语in fact进行过渡;②“只有……才能……”可用固定句型nothing but…进行翻译;③“强有力地”可用副词effectively进行翻译;④“莎士比亚”和“《哈姆雷特》”是专有名词,固定译法为Shakespeare和Hamlet;⑤“剧中哈姆雷特的生活是一出悲剧”句中的“哈姆雷特”指前面提到的剧中的主人公,此处需与前一句中的“《哈姆雷特》”相区别,所以需增译its hero;⑥“具有启发意义”可用形容词enlightening进行翻译;⑦“感同身受”可译为sympathize with…,即“与……产生共鸣”;⑧“回想起……经历”可译为“recall…experiences”,需注意谓语和宾语的搭配;⑨“追求……生活”可译为pursue a…life,需注意谓语动词的搭配。