Ⅰ.CAREFUL READING Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1 The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population densities.For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 persons inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable (可耕种的). High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java. Low average population densities, which are characteristic of most underdeveloped countries, are generally associated with a relatively lowpercentage of cultivated land. This generally results from poor quality lands. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains or malaria-infested jungles; to land uses other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to social obstacles; and to land ownership systems which keep land out of production. More economically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorer developed countries of correspondingly low general population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
2. In the cultivated areas of Egypt, we may expect to find _____.
A.few inhabitants
B.densely populated settlements
C.1,300 persons living in one settlement
D.55 persons inhabiting one square mile
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 persons inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable”可知,埃及人口平均密度为每平方英里55人,但是在适宜农耕的定居区,每平方英里居住1300人。B项表述为“人口密集的定居区”,符合文意,故选B项。C项表述为“1300人居住在一个定居区”,与原文表述“在适宜农耕的定居区,每平方英里居住1300人”不符,故排除C项。
3. The most densely populated community in Europe is _____.
A.Iceland
B.Belgium
C.the Netherlands
D.Great Britain
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中间部分“In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands”可知,欧洲人口密度从冰岛的每平方英里4人到荷兰的每平方英里831人不等。因此,欧洲人口密度最小的地区是冰岛,人口密度最大的地区是荷兰。C项符合文意,故选C项。
4. This passage indicates that Puerto Rico is _____.
A.agriculture-oriented
B.malaria-infested
C.highly industrialized
D.poverty-stricken
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中“where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java”可知,波多黎各(Puerto Rico)和爪哇(Java)土地被集中用于农业。A项表述为“以农业为导向的/以农为本的”,符合文意,故选A项。
5. This passage has probably been taken from a/an _____.
Passage 2 Engaging in a hobby like reading a book, making a patchwork quilt or even playing computer games can delay the onset of dementia, a US study suggests. Watching TV, however, does not count and indeed, spending significant periods of time in front of the box may speed up memory loss, researchers found. Nearly 200 people aged 70 to 89 with mild memory problems were compared with a group who had no impairment. The researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota asked the volunteers about their daily activities within the past year and how mentally active they had been between the age of 50 to 65. Those who had, during middle age, been busy reading, playing games or engaging in craft hobbies like patch working or knitting were found to have a 40% reduced risk of memory impairment. In later life, those same activities reduced the risk by a rate between 30% and 50%. Those who watched TV for less than 7 hours a day were also 50% less likely to develop memory loss than those who spend longer staring at the screen. “This study is exciting because it demonstrates that ageing does not need to be a passive process,” said neuroscientist Dr. YonasGeda. “By simply engaging in cognitive exercise, you can protect against future memory loss. Of course, the challenge with this type of research is that we are relying on past memories of the subjects (实验对象), therefore we need to confirm these findings with additional research.” Sarah Day, head of public health at the Alzheimer's Society, said, “One million people will develop dementia in the next 10 years so there is a desperate need to find ways to prevent dementia. Exercising and challenging your brain—by learning new skills, doing puzzles such as crosswords, and even learning a new language—can be fun. However, more research, where people are followed up over time, is needed to understand whether these sorts of activities can reduce the risk of dementia.”
1. If one suffers from dementia, he would be unable to _____.
A.move his limbs
B.speak correctly
C.recall past events
D.sit in upright posture
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中“Watching TV, however, …spending significant periods of time in front of the box may speed up memory loss”可知,看电视时间过长会加速记忆力衰退。该句与第一句之间是转折关系,因此可知第一句中“delay the onset of dementia”表示“延缓痴呆”,即dementia表示“痴呆”。患有痴呆的人不记得过去的事情。C项符合文意,故选C项。
2. The subjects of the research mentioned in the passage were _____.
A.people watching TV programs several hours a day
B.the middle-aged with lots of daily mental activities
C.people actively engaged in their hobbies at an early age
D.two groups of seniors either with or without memory problems
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Nearly 200 people aged 70 to 89 with mild memory problems were compared with a group who had no impairment”可知,该项研究中是200名70~89岁有轻微记忆问题的人与另一组记忆力没有削弱的人相比较。因此,该项研究的对象是两组高龄人。D项表述为“有记忆问题或没有记忆问题的两组高龄人”,符合文意,故选D项。
3. It was found in the research that _____.
A.cognitive exercise helps people prevent future memory loss
B.cure for dementia will soon be available in 10 years or so
C.mentally challenging hobbies usually lead to mental fatigue
D.nothing can deter the gradual loss of memory
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“This study is exciting because it demonstrates that ageing does not need to be a passive process”和第二句“By simply engaging in cognitive exercise, you can protect against future memory loss”可知,这项研究显示变老不一定是一个被动的过程,只要进行认知性的锻炼,就能预防失忆。A项表述为“认知性的锻炼可以帮助人们预防失忆”,符合文意,故选A项。
4. The research was based on the data of the _____.
A.brain makeup of the subjects
B.past memories of the subjects
C.uses of language of the subjects
D.physical exercises of the subjects
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中“the challenge with this type of research is that we are relying on past memories of the subjects”可知,该项研究依赖于实验对象对于过去的记忆。B项符合文意,故选B项。
5. More research should be conducted in which _____.
A.people of different age groups should be investigated
B.the relationship between dementia and genes will be investigated
C.more subjects will be included so as to verify the current findings
D.effects of cognitive exercise on subjects should be traced over time
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“However, more research, where people are followed up over time, is needed to understand whether these sorts of activities can reduce the risk of dementia”可知,需要进行更多研究,从中对人们进行多年的跟踪研究,以了解这些认知性的活动是否可以减少痴呆的风险。D项表述为“应该跟踪研究认知性的锻炼对实验对象的影响”,符合文意,故选D项。
Passage 3 The complex topic “social class” is difficult to avoid when discussing British society, which is often seen as a society in which “social class” is more important than in other countries. This is true to a certain extent, but should probably not be exaggerated. Most countries have some kind of class structure. There exist broad groups within society which share types of employment, income levels, and certain cultural characteristics. But important in the idea of “class” is that it makes a difference to an individual's “life-chances” which group or class he or she is borninto. So if a middle-class couple, perhaps a doctor and a teacher, have a child, it is more likely that that child will also acquire middle-class education, employment and income levels than will the child of working-class factory workers. This is certainly the case in the UK, though it should be stressed that it is far from impossible for the working-class child to acquire middle-class status: it is simply statistically much more unlikely than for his middle-class school-friend. If asked, about half the British population would describe themselves as middle-class, and half as working-class. Employment would be the main guide they would use: manual (or “blue-collar”) workers would usually call themselves working-class, and office (or “white-collar”)workers would usually call themselves middle-class. However, there is a hazy area around unskilled office-work and skilled well-paid manual work which leads to sub-divisions such as “lower middle class” being used; and the term “upper middle class” might be used to describe doctors and lawyers and so on who have relatively high incomes and high status professions—especially in families with long traditions of such employment. This would differentiate them from the majority of middle-class people today, most of whom have working-class parents or grandparents. This reflects the huge expansion of the middle class over the twentieth century, and especially since 1945, when more equal social policies were adopted by the government.
1. The author discusses British society from the perspective of _____.
A.education
B.social class
C.employment
D.income levels
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中“The complex topic “social class” is difficult to avoid when discussing British society”可知,英国十分注重社会阶级,在讨论英国社会时,社会阶级是一个难以回避的话题。文章第二段进一步讨论了英国的社会阶级。因此作者是从社会阶级的角度来讨论英国社会的。B项符合文意,故选B项。
2. “Class” is important because it _____.
A.determines an individual's personality
B.makes a difference to an individual's marriage
C.makes a difference to the opportunities available to an individual
D.gives an individual equal chances for education and employment
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中间部分“But important in the idea of ‘class’ is that it makes a difference to an individual's “life-chances” which group or class he or she is born into”可知,阶级之所以重要是因为它对个人的发展机会有重要影响,出生于哪个阶级就会受到与之相对应的教育、从事相关的职业、获得相应的收入。C项表述为“对个人可获得的机会有重要影响”,符合文意,故选C项。
3. The British would distinguish their social classes mainly by _____.
A.employment
B.income levels
C.family traditions
D.education backgrounds
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“Employment would be the main guide they would use”可知,英国人主要通过职业划分自己的社会阶级。A项符合文意,故选A项。
4. British doctors and lawyers belong to the _____.
A.upper middle class
B.lower middle class
C.upper class
D.working class
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中间部分“the term ‘upper middle class’ might be used to describe doctors and lawyers and so on who have relatively high incomes and high status professions”可知,中上层阶级用来描述医生和律师这类收入、地位相对较高的职业。因此,医生和律师属于中上层阶级(upper middle class)。A项符合文意,故选A项。
5. The middle-class expanded considerably over the twentieth century mainly because _____.
A.the British earned more money than before
B.more people received higher education than before
C.the number of doctors and lawyers increased sharply
D.the British government introduced more equal social policies
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This reflects the huge expansion of the middle class over the twentieth century, and especially since 1945, when more equal social policies were adopted by the government”可知,20世纪尤其是1945年以来,英国中产阶级极大扩张,因为政府通过了更为平等的社会政策。D项表示为“英国政府出台了更为平等的社会政策”,符合文意,故选D项。
Passage 4 “But I can't save any money.” It's an excuse I hear a lot from which I detect a note of defiance. In the past few years, it has become increasingly frequent, as more and more Americans make less than we spend, eating up the savings in our homes. The national savings rate is declining. And the situation seems to be getting worse. We certainly know that saving money is good for us. Yet saving for tomorrow is still a largely ignored and unappreciated skill. The question that naturally follows is: Why? Why don't Americans make saving a priority? To start with, saving today is much harder. The typical household income has held largely steady for a good half decade, while prices have continued to rise. If you’re having to spend a disproportionate amount of income on food and gas, it's hard to save. Besides, credit became too accessible. For years it was simply too easy to get your hands on money to spend. While banks at one time would not let you spend more than 36 percent of your total income on debt, they stretched that number to 55 percent during the housing boom. Why save when you could get that big flat-screen TV today and pay for it with mortgage debt that was both cheap and deductible? Last but not least, saving is, was, and always will be no fun. Think about it this way: Choosing to save almost always means opting for delayed gratification instead of immediate gratification. The pleasure of getting something good today is much greater than that in the future—even if the reward in the future is bigger. Recently, neuroeconomists, a relatively new breed of experts in economics and neuroscience, have started using MRIs (核磁共振成像)to view the brain as it is making money choices. When something we want to buy comes into view, they see the pleasure center firing up. Similarly, getting a few dollars today is more thrilling than getting a slightly larger profit tomorrow. And if you have to wait a few months for that gain, it will have to be much bigger in order to arouse the same interest in your brain. Things way off in the future—like retirement don't jostle the pleasure center much at all.
1. In the author's eyes, Americans say they can't save any money because they _____.
A.want to win sympathy
B.are well prepared for retirement
C.will make more money in the future
D.are probably unwilling to be economical
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It's an excuse I hear a lot from which I detect a note of defiance”可知,美国人说自己没法存钱,在作者看来这只是一个借口,并且带着蔑视的意味。由此可知作者认为他们只是不愿意存钱而已。D项表述为“很有可能不愿意节约”,符合文意,故选D项。
2. According to the passage, during the housing boom the banks _____.
A.raised the saving interest rate
B.issued fewer credit cards
C.made it easier to borrow money
D.initiated credit risk management
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中间部分“While banks at one time would not let you spend more than 36 percent of your total income on debt, they stretched that number to 55 percent during the housing boom”可知,以前银行不会允许你花超过总收入百分之三十六的债务金额,但是在房地产繁荣时期,银行将这一比例提高到百分之五十五,即借款变得更容易了。C项符合文意,故选C项。
3. How many reasons are given in Paragraph 3?
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节理解题。关于美国人不爱存钱的原因,第三段给出了三个原因:To start with, saving today is much harder(首先,如今存钱更困难);Besides, credit became too accessible(其次,贷款更容易了);Last but not least, saving is, was, and always will be no fun(存钱没有乐趣)。B项符合文意,故选B项。
4. The neuroeconomists’ research is cited to prove _____.
A.saving will be more thrilling as time goes by
B.MRIs help customers make purchase decisions
C.it's a complex process to stimulate the pleasure center
D.immediate gratification is more appealing than delayed gratification
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容,神经经济学家用核磁共振成像观察做出金钱决定时的大脑,当看到想买的东西时,我们的快乐中枢会变得兴奋。同样,在今天得到几美元比明天得到稍多一点更令人兴奋。总之,印证了上一段最后一句话“The pleasure of getting something good today is much greater than that in the future—even if the reward in the future is bigger(即使未来的回报更多,今天得到好东西的乐趣比将来得到这一东西的乐趣要多得多)”。D项表述为“及时的满足比延期的满足更有吸引力”符合文意,故选D项。
5. What suggestion do you think the author is most likely to give in the following paragraphs?
Ⅱ.SPEED READING Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 5 Many editors and writers today define flash fiction as a story ranging from a few words to not usually over 1, 500 to 2, 000 words (but more often less than 1,000 words). A traditional short story ranges from 3,000 to 20,000 words, so flash fiction is considerably shorter. However, while length can help identify flash fiction, it is of little use in actually defining it. The amorphous and variable quality of flash fiction allows for the constant changing of shapes as these stories draw and develop from various genres and traditions to create stand-alone stories that often work on their own terms. Countless writers are involved in writing flash fiction in various ways. Many are involved in following the form's long tradition, and many others are reinventing the form as they continue to experiment with the boundaries and methods of fiction. These shortest of stories are not always diversions for the moment but are often stories that are profound and memorable—as good fiction of longer lengths can be. Charles Baxter notes in the introduction to Sudden Fiction International: 60 Short Short Stories, “This form is not about to be summarized by anyone's ideas about it. The stories are on so many various thresholds: they are between poetry and fiction, the story and the sketch, prophecy and reminiscence, the personal and the crowd. As a form, they are open, and exist in a state of potential.” Some names for flash fiction are chosen to stress brevity, suggesting that such stories can be read or even written in a flash. Other names are chosen to emphasize the way in which the stories affect and enlighten readers. And still other names are chosen for the way in which they cause readers to perform the act of reading, many times forcing them to slow down and read such pieces as slowly and carefully as they would read good poetry. Even though this type of writing travels by several names, flash fiction has become the most popular label, likely because of its snappy poetic consonance, which makes it easy to hold in memory, and because of its distance from the older, less descriptive term “short-shorts”. More and more writers, editors, and readers use “flash fiction” to refer to very short stories.
1. Flash fiction usually refers to a story ranging from a few words to _____.
A.less than 1,000 words
B.more than 2,000 words
C.more than 3,000 words
D.less than 20,000 words
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Many editors and writers today define flash fiction as a story ranging from a few words to not usually over 1, 500 to 2, 000 words (but more often less than 1,000 words)”可知,微型小说是指字数从几个词到不超过1500至2000词,但通常少于1000词。A项less than 1,000 words(少于1000词)符合文意,故选A项。
2. The form of flash fiction can be best described as _____.
A.variable
B.unified
C.traditional
D.complete
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节理解题。由第二段第一句“The amorphous and variable quality of flash fiction allows for the constant changing of shapesas these stories draw and develop from various genres and traditions to create stand-alone stories that often work on their own terms”可知,微型小说从各种类型和传统小说发展而来,是独立的文学样式,其形式是不断变化的。A项variable(变化的;易变的)符合文意,故选A项。unified统一的。traditional传统的。complete完整的。
3. How many ways of naming flash fiction are mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A.2.
B.3.
C.4.
D.5.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节理解题。文章第四段提到了三种微型小说的命名方式:to stress brevity(强调行文简洁);to emphasize the way in which the stories affect and enlighten readers(强调影响和启迪读者的方式);for the way in which they cause readers to perform the act of reading(对读者阅读方式的影响)。B项符合文意,故选B项。
4. Among all the labels referring to very short stories, the most popular one is _____.
A.short-shorts
B.short story
C.flash fiction
D.poetic story
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中“flash fiction has become the most popular label”可知,微型小说是最受欢迎的名字。C项符合题意,故选C项。
5. The passage mainly focuses on flash fiction in terms of its _____.
Passage 6 Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been more pleasant. The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income, and while the capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can procure (获取). However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle. Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the long run, and for most men this comes chiefly through their work. In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men, or than women who work outside the home. The domesticated wife does not receive wages, has no means of bettering herself, is taken for granted by her husband (who sees practically nothing of what she does), and is valued by him not for her housework but for quite other qualities. Of course this does not apply to those women who are sufficiently well-to-do to make beautiful houses and beautiful gardens and become the envy of their neighbors; but such women arecomparatively few. For the great majority, housework cannot bring as much satisfaction as work of other kinds brings to men and to professional women. The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all. But when work is interesting, it is capable of giving satisfaction of a far higher order than mere relief from tedium. The kinds of work in which there is some interest may be arranged in a hierarchy.
1. For most people, even uninteresting work has the advantage of ______.
A.earning a good name
B.using up extra energy
C.cultivating interest in work
D.sparing the need of deciding what to do
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do”可知,工作的好处之一就是充实了一天中的好几个小时而不用决定应该做什么。D项表述为“不需要决定做什么”,符合文意,故选D项。
2. In the capitalistic society, income is usually an indication of _____.
A.power
B.wisdom
C.rights
D.success
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In most work success is measured by income, and while the capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable”可知,在大多数情况下,工作的成功与否是以收入来衡量的,只要资本主义社会继续存在,这一点都是不可避免的。因此,在资本主义社会,收入是成功的标志。D项符合文意,故选D项。
3. Dull work can be accepted if it _____.
A.offers life insurance
B.foresees a chance for promotion
C.offers comfortable working environment
D.offers a chance of building up a reputation
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中间部分“However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle”可知,如果所做的工作无论是在外界还是在个人的生活圈内,是建立声誉的一种手段,那么无论该工作如何枯燥,都是可以忍受的。D项表述为“提供一个建立声誉的机会”,符合文意,故选D项。
4. Most housewives are valued by their husbands for _____.
A.making houses beautiful
B.making gardens beautiful
C.other qualities than their housework
D.their housework rather than other qualities
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段后半部分“…is valued by him not for her housework but for quite other qualities”可知,家庭妇女的丈夫重视的不是她所做的家务,而是她的其他品质。C项符合文意,故选C项。
5. Compared with a man who has no work, a man with a dull job is generally _____.
A.happier
B.more bored
C.less satisfied
D.less pleasant
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中“The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet…is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all”可知,工作带来的满足感足以使一个工作枯燥的人比没有工作人的人更开心。A项符合文意,故选A项。
第二部分 非选择题
Ⅲ.DISCOURSE CLOZE The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). “The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Sullivan Macy, came to me. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.” So wrote Helen Keller. The morning after the arrival of her teacher, 1 . After she had played with it for a while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelt the word d-o-l-l onto her hand. 2 and tried to imitate her teacher. When she finally succeeded in forming the letters correctly, 3 . Excitedly she found her way to her mother, held up her hand and wrote the letters “doll”. And in the days that followed, 4 . Helen soon learned, however, that things and actions have names. One day, while she was playing with her new doll, Miss Sullivan placed the doll on her lap, made her touch again and wrote the letters d-o-l-l on the palm of her hand. 5 until Helen associated the word with the object. “Once, as we were walking down the path to the well, 6 . I asked, ‘What is that strange smell in the air?’Miss Sullivan led me to the well. She took my hand and placed it under the spout from which water flew out.” 7 , Miss Sullivan spelt the word “water” on her other hand. Suddenly everything came back. She knew then that w-a-t-e-r meant the cool liquid with which she was playing now with both her hands. That living word gave her joy, light and hope. 8 every familiar object she touched seemed to have a new meaning for her. She was eager to know more. As her education progressed, 9 , Helen was living a new life full of excitement. She now had the key to a language and was keen to use it. We who have eyes to see and ears to hear can learn easily. But Helen could not, 10 . She made full use of all the other abilities she had, to such an advantage that she became the world's famous teacher of the blind and the deaf. (From Helen Keller) A.she was pleased and proud B.This was repeated several times C.Helen was led into a room and given a doll D.Miss Sullivan was an experienced and patient teacher E.As the cool stream washed Helen's hand F.though not without difficulty for both the teacher and the pupil G.At once Helen was interested in this finger play H.Helen Keller had her lessons in normal classrooms I.On reaching the house J. as she was both blind and deaf K. she learned to spell a great many words in this way L. I was attracted by some peculiar smell
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C
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G
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A
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K
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B
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L
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E
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I
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F
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J
Ⅳ.WORD FORMATIONS Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in brackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. (Profit) Over the years online file sharing has developed into a highly _____business.
Ⅴ.GAP FILLING The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words in the box (there are more words than necessary).
It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to 1 they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place” a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of 2 . Dress way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all 3 a part. In ancient civilizations, the Sumerian, for example, which flourished in the lower Euphrates valley from 5 000 to 2 000 B.C., social differences were based on birth, status or rank, 4 on wealth. Four main classes were 5 . These were the rulers, the priestly administrators, the freemen(such as craftsmen, merchants or farmers) and the slaves. In Greece, after the sixth century B.C., there was a growing 6 between the peasants and the landed aristocrats, and a gradual 7 in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, 8 , was divided into three main classes which were politically and 9 distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group 10 resident foreigners, the “metics”, who were freemen, though they too were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of e. The thi, who were themselves divided into sub-classes. (From Social Classes)
1.
those
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factors
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play
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rather than
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recognized
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conflict
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decrease
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for example
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legally
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consisted
Ⅵ.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS The following questions are based en Passage 4 in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage 4. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. Why don't Americans want to save money?
There are three reasons. To start with, saving today is much harder. Besides, credit became too accessible. Last but not least, saving is, was, and always will be no fun.
2. What do neuroeconomists intend to find when they use MRIs to view the brain as it is making money choices?
The neuroeconomists intend to find that the pleasure of getting something good today is much greater than that in the future—even if the reward in the future is bigger, that is, immediate gratification is more appealing than delayed gratification.
Ⅶ.TRANSLATION The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read it carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. And what a noble medium the English language is. 1 It is not possible to write a page without experiencing positive pleasure at the richness and variety, the flexibility and the profoundness of our mother-tongue. 2 If an English writer cannot say what he has to say in English, and in simple English, depend upon it, it is probably not worth saying. What a pity it is that English is not more generally studied. I am not going to attack classical education. 3 No one who has the slightest pretension to literary tastes can be insensible to the attraction of Greece and Rome. 4 But I confess our present educational system excites in my mind grave misgivings. I cannot believe that a system is good, or even reasonable, which thrusts upon reluctant and uncomprehending multitudes of treasures which can only be appreciated by the privileged and gifted few. 5 To the vast majority of boys who attend our public schools a classical education is from beginning to end one long useless, meaningless rigmarole. If I am told that classics are the best preparation for the study of English, I reply that by far the greater number of students finish their education while this preparatory stage is still incomplete and without deriving any of the benefits which are promised as its result. (From The Joys of Writing)