Ⅱ.Cloze Test 下列短文中有十个空白。每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。 Curiosity is not only a possible motivation,it is also a great help in your learning languages. Remember that a language is not 1 a grammatical system. It is the 2 of a certain culture of different cultures. It is no good 3 strings of words and lists of grammatical rules 4 you know as much as possible about the background of the language,so that you can understand the ideas conveyed and the references made,as well as the inferences which can 5 the information clearly given. so learn as much as you can about the different cultures which 6 English-watch television programs,listen to the radio,try to obtain 7 and magazines written by native speakers,look at advertisements,and,above all,read-not textbooks, 8 novels,poems and plays. They will show you how a language is 9 used. The English language is a living form of expression which derives much of its 10 from the context. and much of its effect from a whole network of extra-linguistic knowledge.
1.
A.just
B.even
C.so
D.that
A B C D
A
[解析] 不仅仅是。故选just。
2.
A.outlook
B.outcome
C.outset
D.outline
A B C D
B
[解析] out look:看法观点态度;outcome:效果;outset:开始;outline:提纲。
3.
A.have learnt
B.learn
C.learning
D.learnt
A B C D
C
[解析] 联系上下文,learning;学问,知识;学识。
4.
A.since
B.until
C.when
D.unless
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据上下文,除非你掌握得尽可能多的语言的背景。unless:恰当。
5.
A.be carried over
B.be freed from
C.be held up
D.be drawn from
A B C D
D
[解析] be carried over:转入,留用;be free from逃脱;be held up:支撑;be drawn from:取出,抽出,汲出。
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. How often one hears children wishing they were grown up,and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains,and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities. If a child has good parents,he is well fed,looked after and loved. It is unlikely that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition,life is always presenting new things to the child-things that have lost their,interest for older people because they are too well known. A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain,or in the snow. His first,visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains:he is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks older people are;he is continually being told what to do and what not to do. Therefore,a child is not happy as he wishes to be. When the young man starts to earn his own living,he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents;but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. With no one to pay for his food,his clothes,or his room,he has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child,he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents,he may get himself into trouble. If,however,he works hard,goes by the law and has good health,he may feel satisfied in seeing himself make steady progress in his job and in building up for himself his own position in society. Old age has always been thought of as the worst age to be;but it is not necessary for the old to be unhappy. With old age comes wisdom and the ability to help others with advice wisely given. The old can have the joy of seeing their children making progress in life;they can watch their grandchildren growing up around them;and,perhaps best of all,they can,if their life has been a useful one,feel the happiness of having come through the battle of life safely and of having reached a time when they can lie back and rest,leaving everything to others.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. We all know that humans are damaging the environment,but what can we do about it?Some people are trying to do their bit to be more environmentally friendly. Local councils in Britain encourage certain aspects of green living,such as recycling paper,tin,plastic and glass. They want to reduce the amount of rubbish going into landfill sites(填埋场),because they are running out of places to dump(倾倒)rubbish. In some areas rubbish for recycling is collected from your doorstep,but in other areas,you have to take it to a special recycling place,such as a bottle bank. Another way of reducing the amount of rubbish you create is to use reusable products instead of disposable ones. For example,some people use strong shopping bags or boxes for their groceries instead of plastic carrier bags,or use washable nappies instead of disposables. More people are becoming interested in reducing their carbon footprint-the amount of carbon they use up. They try to reduce their carbon emissions(释放)by cycling,using public transport or an electric car,rather than driving gas-consuming vehicles. Some people choose not to fly for holiday trips because planes are the biggest producers of carbon emissions. You can make“green”choices when buying food too. It's best to buy food which was locally grown or produced so that it hasn't been imported by air,or shipped by road from far away. Houses can be environmentally friendly too. It takes less energy to heat a house if it has good insulation(绝缘,隔热)and double glazing(双层玻璃). You can also create your own energy if you have solar panels or a wind turbine fitted though these can be expensive. You can also save water by using a rain water container for washing the car or watering the garden. It's even possible to use a system where“grey water”-water which has been through a tap(水龙头)once already,is used to flush(冲洗)toilets. Some new housing projects are being built specifically to be as environmentally friendly as possible.
6. The purpose of collecting reusable wastes is to______.
7. In order to cut down on the carbon emission,more people choose to travel______.
A.by electric car,bicycle or plane
B.by private car,bicycle or bus
C.by bus,electric car or plane
D.by bicycle. bus or electric car
A B C D
D
[解析] 见第四段,人们通过骑自行车,坐公共汽车,开电力汽车的方式来减少二氧化碳的排放。故选D。
8. It is best for people to buy food______when making“green”choices.
A.produced locally
B.imposed abroad
C.transposed by road
D.grown in green houses
A B C D
A
[解析] 见第五段,最好购买当地种植或生产的食物,这样就不需通过海陆空来运输。
9. As mentioned,“grey water”can be used to______.
A.wash the car
B.water the garden
C.clean the toilet
D.dispose of wastes
A B C D
C
[解析] 见最后一段倒数第二句话,is used to flush toilets。
10. The passage is intended to advise people______.
A.to make use of rubbish
B.to save energy and water
C.to recycle reusable products
D.to have a green living
A B C D
D
[解析] 通过阅读,本文的主要意图的倡导人们拥有绿色环保的生活方式。
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Americans are a very energetic and mobile people,always on the run,rushing from one appointment to another,from a PTA(Parent-Teacher Association)meeting to a social planning committee. They have very little time to spend preparing elaborate(精致的,复杂的)everyday meals to be eaten at leisure. In many homes it is rare for the whole family to sit down at supper together. Clubs and committees force them to grab a quick meal rather than a sit-down supper. When they do have the chance to eat at home,often the working housewife prefers to prepare meals that can be quickly heated and consumed. It is no wonder,therefore,that America has become a shelter for fast food consumption. This great transformation occurred after World War Ⅱ when many women began to work full time and spend less time at home with their families. Women,however,wanted to function well in the capacity of homemaker,as well as that of career woman but time became a precious commodity(商品)which had to be carefully used. Therefore,it was necessary to make her life easier at home in the preparation of the family dinner. Simultaneously with women entering the job market there was also a shifting of the focus of home entertainment from the radio to the television. Television became the latest fashion in the 1950s and no one wanted to miss his or her favorite programs. And then. the place for supper shifted from the dining room to the living room. As the customs changed,so did the culture. The immediate solution for this was the invention of the TV dinner. These were frozen meals which were divided into portions of meat and vegetables. They could easily be put into an oven(锅)and prepared within minutes. The tin trays(托盘)in which they were served were conveniently carried into the living room and dinner Was consumed in front of a TV set. Cleaning up afterwards Was no problem. The fin trays were easily thrown into the garbage. From fast dinners at home the next step was quick eating while on the road. Love for TV was combined with the fascination for the automobile. It is not odd that with the development of the superhighways America saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonald's paved the way with its variety of burgers and cold drinks soon to be followed by all kinds of other foods. Today dozens of fast-food chain stores can be found along highways,in modem shopping malls and scattered throughout neighborhoods in America. Taco Bell,Pizza Hut,Roy Roger's,Burger King and Wendy's ale just a few of the fast-food chains which are now part of American culture. They offer chicken,donuts,tacos and pizza,all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These establishments have given shape to the modem lifestyles and diet of the American people.
11. In America,the whole family seldom have dinner together at home because______.
A.they have so many social activities
B.they have a lot of meetings to attend
C.they rush from one appointment to another
D.they often move from one place to another
A B C D
A
[解析] 见第一段,社团或俱乐部等一些社交活动使得美国人很少坐下来与全家共进晚餐。
12. America has become a shelter for fast food consumption because______.
A.some women are engaged in entertainments
B.few women are able to make meals at home
C.women are unwilling to cook for their families
D.many women are mostly occupied with work
A B C D
D
[解析] 见第二段,工作的家庭主妇宁愿选择准备一些会很快加热和吃完的饭。
13. The passage tells that nowadays Americans have their supper______.
A.in the dinning room
B.in the living room
C.in the grocery stores
D.in the fast food chains
A B C D
B
[解析] 见第四段the place for supper shifted from the dinning room to the living room。
14. The word“establishments”in the last paragraph probably means______.
1. I would play football with you if I______(be)20 years younger.
were
[解析] 虚拟语气。
2. Just as she was about______(speak),she was handed a note.
to speak
[解析] be about to+v原形,固定用法。
3. I don't want to make a show of______(I)before strangers.
myself
[解析] 我不想在陌生人面前自我显示,用反身代词,I→myself。
4. ______(Necessary)is the mother of invention. This is remarkably true.
Necessity
[解析] 名词做主语。
5. The mayor gave a______(convince)speech to call up the citizens against pollution.
convincing
[解析] adj. 修饰名词。
6. He was hurt by a flower vase______(drop)from the balcony(阳台).
dropped
[解析] 他被从阳台上掉下的花瓶砸伤,全句都为过去时态。
7. Neither the prices nor the quality______(specify)in the last contract.
was specified
[解析] neither…nor…既不……也不……,被动语态,主语为动作的施受者。
8. The beauty of the place is beyond______(describe).
description
[解析] 依句意:超出描绘用名词describe→description。
9. It is the first time I______(talk)with native speakers in English.
have talked
[解析] 我用英语已经和当地人交谈了,现在完成时have/has+过去分词。
10. The family spent a______(delight)holiday in the country last month.
delightful
[解析] 不定冠词+形容词+名词。
Ⅳ.Translation from Chinese into English 将下列各句译成英语。
1. 上周末的音乐会上,那位歌唱家的演唱由她的学生担任钢琴伴奏。
At the concert last weekend the singer Was accompanied on the piano by her student.
2. 那些年轻人尽了全力才达到了他们的目标。
Those young people have exerted all their strength to attain their goal.
3. 全家人都同意去澳大利亚过新年。
The family have agreed among themselves to celebrate New Year's Day in Australia. /All the family agreed to celebrate New Year's Day in Australia.
4. 直到最近我才意识到语言与文化密切相关。
It was not until quite recently that I realized language Was closely related to culture. /Not until quite recently did I realize that language Was closely related to culture. /I didn't realize that language was closely related to culture until quite recently.
5. 科学技术从未像现在这样高速发展。
Never before have science and technology been so rapidly developing as it is today.
Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese 将下列短文译成汉语。
1. Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. They contain the history of our race. the discoveries we have made,the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages. They picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature,help us out of difficulty,comfort us in sorrow,change hours of tiredness into moments of delight,fill our minds with good ideas and happy thoughts. and lift us out of and above ourselves. And also,books can help transport us to mountains or the seashore. and visit the most beautiful parts of the earth,without fatigue,inconvenience,or expense. In a sense they give us an even more vivid idea than the actual reality. So,precious and priceless are the blessings which the books scatter around our daily paths. We walk,in imagination,with noblest spirits,through the most fascinating regions.