Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions:In this section, you are given 15 questions beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. Traditional linguists believed that the written form of language was ______the spoken form.
10. According to D. Ausubel, the principal function of ______ is to act as a bridge between what learners already know and what they need to know.
A.schema theory
B.language acquisition device
C.language competence
D.advance organizers
A B C D
D
[解析] 奥斯贝尔理论的核心是“有意义的语言学习和先期组织”(meaningful verbal and advance organizers)。其中“先期组织”是指教师通过介绍新的标题和大概内容,使学生对将要学习的内容有大致的了解,并使新的学习内容和已掌握的知识联系起来。选项A图式理论(Schema Theory)是皮亚杰理论中的一个重要部分,指的是过去的经历在头脑中所形成的框架。选项B是乔姆斯基提出的语言习得机制LAD,孩子天生就具有一种特殊的学习语言能力,当生活在语言环境之中,就会不知不觉掌握其语言规则。选项C是乔姆斯基提出的语言的划分模式:语言能力((Competence)和语言行为(Performance)。
11. A major feature of cognitive code-learning is the emphasis on explanations of______.
A.grammatical functioning
B.conscious selection of words
C.deductive order of learning
D.language instruction
A B C D
A
12. In Krashen's view,acquisition refers to the ______ process leading to the development of competence and is not dependent on the teaching of grammatical rules.
13. Children develop language competence in their first language in a relatively short time merely by ______it.
A.being exposed to
B.speaking
C.using
D.listening to
A B C D
A
[解析] 乔姆斯基认为儿童天生就有一种特殊的学习语言的能力(LAD),不需要教他们语言,也不需要纠正其语言错误,只要让他们生活在语言环境之中(be exposed to it),就能学会语言,并且在不知不觉中掌握其语言规则。这一仅仅依赖置身于某一语言环境之中,通过使用语言进行及交流来掌握母语语言规则的过程称为语言习得。
14. Who first used the term "communicative competence" in deliberate contrast to Chomsky's "linguistic competence" ?
Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. Behaviorism believes that basic learning processes could be described in terms of______and responses.
5. F. Gouin's linguistic and psychological theories based on his observations of children's use of language were directly applied to the practice of the ______ Method.
7. The reason for the exclusive use of the foreign language in the Direct Method is to enable the students to think in the target language, so that they can use it to express themselves ______without referring to their mother tongue.
8. Books such as A Grammar of Spoken English on a Strictly Phonetic Basis ,A Handbook of English Grammar, Guide to Patterns and Usage in English served as a standard ______ source of basic English sentence patterns for textbook writers.
reference
[解析] 《按语音学编写的英语口语语法》(A Grammar of Spoken English on a Strictly Phonetic Basis)(Palmer & Blandfom,1939)、《英语语法手册》(A Handbook of English Grammar)(Zandvoort,1954)以及Horby的《英语句型与用法指南》(Guide to Patterns and Usage in English)(1954)这些书都是教材编写者使用的英语基本句型标准参考书。
9. Like other approaches of foreign language teaching, the objectives of the Oral Approach are to help learners get a practical ______ of the four basic skills of language.
18. The Silent Way is based on the principle that successful learning involves commitment of the self to language acquisition through the use of silent ______ and then active trial.
19. Since the end of World War Ⅱ ,teachers have found themselves under considerable pressure to abandon the long-standing ______ model, though it had been in general use in second language teaching since the late 18th century.
Ⅲ.Matching Directions:This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked 1), 2), 3), 4) or 5) in Column A with the one marked a, b, e, d or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match. A: linguist or psychologist ①Noam Chomsky ②M.A.K. Halliday ③Sigmund Freud ④John B. Watson ⑤Leonard Bloomfield B: the theory he advocates a. American structuralism b. transformational generative linguistics c. functional linguistics d. psychoanalysis e. behaviourism
A: the main feature of the Audiolingual Method ①emphasis on the teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing ②emphasis on certain practice techniques: mimicry, memorization and pattern drills ③much use of tapes,language labs and visual aids ④tendency to manipulate language and disregard content ⑤little or no grammatical explanation B: the advantage or disadvantage associated with the feature a. The use of language labs will allow each student to work at his own pace. b. The technique of mim-mem and pattern drills gives students more thorough practice in using grammar patterns. c. It achieves noticeable success in developing aural comprehension and oral fluency. d. Students are not expected to make any spontaneous, personal contribution. e. Students often fail to fully understand the value of language.
A ①the theory of language underlying the communicative approach ②the theory of learning underlying the communicative approach ③one of the objectives of the communicative approach ④one of the techniques of the communicative approach ⑤one of the main features of the communicative approach B a. language best learned through use in social context b. to develop the students' communicative competence c. role play d. functional linguistics e. the introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation
11.
d
[解析] 交际法的语言理论(theory of language)起源于功能主义学派,认为语言即交际。
[解析] 交际法采用的教学技巧具有综合性,常用的有视听材料(Audio-video materials)、口头报告(Oral presentation)、课外研究项目(Project work)及角色表演/模拟(Role play and simulation)等。
15.
e
[解析] 纽南(Nunan)将交际法的特点总结为五点:(1) Emphasis on learning to communicate in the target language. (2) The introduction of authentic texts into learning situations. (3) Focus not only on language but also on the learning process itself. (4) Making use of learner's own personal experiences.(5) Linking classroom language learning with language activation outside the classroom.其中运用真实的语言材料指教师经常使用从报刊杂志上摘下来的文章、还有从广播电视节目中录下来的材料。
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers Directions: This section has six questions. You are to briefly answer them. Five points are given to each question.
1. What is the major objective of learning a foreign language in a Grammar-Translation classroom.'?
To enable learners to read and translate its literature.
2. What is the learning theory of the Direct Method as summarized by Comenius?
(1) The learner will acquire hales of grammar inductively. (2) The best method of teaching meaning is the one using sensory experience, generally visual perception.
3. What else is the Oral Approach referred to as?
The Situational Approach.
4. What are the procedures followed in a Cognitive Approach classroom?
(1) introduction of new materials; (2) exercise; (3) application activities.
5. What is Krashen' s definition of acquisition?
In language teaching and learning,acquisition is a subconscious process leading to the development of competence and is not dependent on the teaching of grammatical rules.
6. What language ability does Hyme's "communicative competence" refer to?
It refers to the ability (1) to apply the grammatical rules SO as to form grammatically correct sentences and (2) to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions:The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned.Ten points are given to each question.
1. What is the importance in taking the course"Foreign Language Teaching Methodology"?
Foreign language teaching methodology is a science that studies the process and patterns of foreign language teaching,aiming at revealing the nature and laws of foreign language teaching.As this course is closely related to such disciplines as linguistics,psychology,psycholinguistics,and sociolinguisties,we would be better equipped theoretically for our teaching practice.And we would be more aware of Whats,Hows,and Whys in actual teaching.
2. What do you think the three methods(the Silent Way,Community Language Learning and Suggestopaedia)have in common?
(1) They all lay emphasis on the individual and on personal learning. (2) They try to give students loom and time to learn with as little intrusion of the teacher into the learning process as possible. (3) They all try to involve the whole person of the students. (4) They view the learning of second language as quite different from the learning of the first. (5) All three are inductive in the initial stage of the language learning process. (6) All three approaches advocate that there should be no correction ofthe learners’errors and they should be given enough time to work on their own. (7) They all aim to reduce the anxiety and tension of language learning. (8) They all encourages active use of the language in communicative situation from the beginning. (9) They all try to create a community feeling.