Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. According to the records available, human beings have been engaged in the study of language for ______centuries.
2. Traditional linguists gave priority to the written form and took ______as their starting point.
A.words
B.phrases
C.sentences
D.paragraphs
A B C D
A
[解析] 传统的语言(traditional study of language)研究在很大程度上都是实用性的。人们研究语言是为了达到某些目的,如为了读懂古代的精典,或是为了教学生等等。这些目的加上其他的原因,就使得语言学家认为书面语优于口语。因此他们的语言研究注重的是书面语,并把单词作为研究的起点。故选A。
3. Overemphasis on translation can never free learners from dependence on the______ language.
A.second
B.target
C.first
D.foreign
A B C D
C
[解析] 语法翻译法(the grammar-translation method)强调第二语言语法。在课堂上教师以母语作为主要的教学中介语言。大多数的教学活动是分析、解释和翻译,都是为了掌握语法规则。过分强调翻译使学生永远不能从本族语(第一语言)中解放出来,学生应当学会理解目标语(target language),用目标语进行自我表达,而不参照母语(the first language)。故选C。
4. According to Gouin, ______ expression is intimately linked with thought about real events.
7. With the Oral Approach, rather than focus on explaining grammatical rules in classroom teaching, the teacher must encourage direct and______ use of the target language in the classroom.
8. The Audiolingual Method provided such materials for teaching English as all of the following EXCEPT______.
A.English 900
B.Lado English Series
C.New World English
D.Success With English
A B C D
C
[解析] 听说法(the Audiolingual Method)综合了结构主义语言学理论、耳口法的教学程序和行为主义心理学的教学法。听说法当时广泛应用于北美各高等院校的外语教学。它为大学外语教学和教材编写提供了教学方法上的理论基础。Lado English Series《拉杜英语教材》、English 900《英语900句》、Success With English《英语成效》都是根据听说法原则编写的。
9. The Audiolingual Method uses ______ to present the language.
A.dialogues
B.passages
C.movies
D.articles
A B C D
A
[解析] 听说法以对话的方法来介绍语言。他们相信对话能够为语言提供一个自然的环境。
10. The process of learning by discovery, according to Bruner, involves ______ with the minimum of instruction and errorful learning.
14. Most schools of the Communicative Approach share the view that language is used for communication, and they are primarily concerned with the ______ rather than the structure.
15. Which of the following methods advises teachers to consider their students as "whole persons"?
A.Community Language Learning.
B.The Silent Way.
C.Total Physical Response.
D.Suggestopaedia.
A B C D
A
[解析] 集体语言学习法(community Language Learning)是由柯伦(Chades A.Curran)和他的同事们共同倡导的一种方法,该方法建议教师把学生当成一个“完整的人”(whole person)来看待。完整人的学习意味着教师不仅要考虑学生的情感和智力因素,还要懂得那种存在于学生的身体反应,本能的自卫反应和学习愿望之间的关系。
Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. Sigmund Freud was the first psychologist that made a careful study of ______ mind.
2. By ______ Schumann and Anderson meant that individuals of one culture have to go through the process of modification in attitudes, knowledge, and behavior in order to function well in another culture.
5. The Direct Method got its name from the assumption that ______ are to be connected directly with the target language, without going through the process of translating into the students' native language.
7. In the Direct Method, the most frequently used techniques of consolidating what has been presented and practiced are ______, purposeful tasks and graded composition.
dictation
[解析] 在直接法中用书面作业巩固已学过的内容。最常用的方式是听写、有针对性的作业和分级作文。
8. In collaboration with Michael West and other specialists, Palmer produced a______ to the English vocabulary for EFL teaching.
12. The structural linguists hold that the habits of the students' native language are thought to______with their attempts to master the foreign language.
13. The generative linguist is interested not only in______ language but also in explaining language. In other words, they attempt to find the what as well as the why in the study of language.
14. According to Piaget, thought or thinking has its origin in actions physically performed and then internalized. In other words, thought is ______ actions.
15. Although Krashen and Terrell claim that language is a ______ for communication, they consider language learning as mastery of structures by stages.
20. According to Curran, there are six elements necessary for non-defensive learning. They are security, ______, aggression, retention, reflection, and discrimination.
Ⅲ.Matching Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④,or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly. A: techniques used in Grammar-Translation Method ①reading ②analysis and comparison ③translation ④reading comprehension questions ⑤written work B: the purpose a. to apply the grammar rules to examples and to understand the reading passage b. to introduce new words and grammar rules c. to check the understanding of the reading passage d. to apply the new items e. to present new items or to understand the passage
1.
a
[解析] 阅读的短文要围绕语法教学的安排程序和要学的词汇安排的,其中包括一些具体的语法规则和词汇。
2.
b
[解析] 分析和比较具体例子中的语法规则是一种介绍新词汇和语法规则的方法。
3.
e
[解析] 翻译可以被用来介绍新的语法条目,理解一个新的章节,或者作为上课结束时的练习。
4.
c
[解析] 设计不同的问题要学生回答,以检查学生对所阅读的短文的理解。
5.
d
[解析] 新学的知识点可以在书面作业中得到应用。如:填空、造句、作文等。
A: techniques used in the Natural Approach ① personal charts and tables ② open dialogues ③ problem-solving ④ games ⑤ individual reports and presentations B: the purpose a. to help the students to use the target language to work out problems b. to involve the students' ideas and reactions c. to involve the students in giving information about themselves d. to involve the students in learning something new through the target language e. to involve the students in using the language to play
A: Foreign Language Teaching Method ① Total Physical Response ② the Silent Way ③ Community Language Learning ④ Suggestopaedia ⑤ Three Dimensional Approach B: the advocator or practitioner a. J. Asher b. G. Lozanov c. Zhang Zhengdong d. Charles A. Curran e. Gattegno
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.
1. Could you please name two of Daniel Jones's works on English phonetics?
(They are)The Pronunciation of English,A Phonetic Dictionary of the English Language,English Pronouncing Dictionary,and Outline of English Phonetics.
2. What is the core of a Grammar-Translation classroom?
It is the grammar(of the second language).
3. How does the teacher that employs the Oral Approach respond to students' errors?
As accuracy in both pronunciation and grammar is regarded as crucial,errors are to be avoided at all costs.
4. What is the attitude of the Cognitive Approach towards mistakes in the language learning process?
The Cognitive Approach holds that mistakes are unavoidable in the creative use of language.Students should be led to learn and use the language by making hypothesis,testing the hypothesis and then making corrections.The teacher should analyze the mistakes to find the cause and do some remedial work accordingly.
5. What are the distinguishing features of the Notional-Functional Syllabus?
They were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum,and its contrast with a structural syllabus.
6. What is the role of the teacher in Total Physical Response?
The teacher plays an active and direct role in Total Physical Response. The teacher decides what to teach, models and presents the new materials, and selects supporting materials for classroom use.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions:The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned.Ten points are given to each question.
1. What advantages can be found in the Direct Method?
(1) The use of the target language as a means of instruction and communication in the classroom contributes greatly to forming the habit of thinking in the target language. (2) The emphasis on practice with new language items and on language skills is important in achieving automaticity of using the target language. (3) The emphasis on spoken language conforms to the objectives of modern language teaching. Special attention paid to pronunciation and intonation is desirable in teaching spoken language. (4) Using full sentences as teaching units makes foreign language learning more natural and efficient for students to understand a new text and acquire a language. (5) Regarding listening and speaking as the basis of reading and writing is strategic in fostering the four skills.
2. What are the five distinctive features of the Audiolingual Method in terms of the structural linguistics and behaviorist psychology? Give one typical technique to illustrate one of these features.
These features are (1) separation of language skills into listening, speaking, reading and writing, with emphasis on the teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing; (2) use of dialogues as the main means of presenting the language; (3) practice of skills such as pattern drills, imitation/mimicry and memorization; (4) discouraging the use of the mother tongue in the classroom; (5) use of a language lab. repetition drill; substitution drill; progressive drill; transformational drill; question-and-answer drill; expansion drill; combination drill; backward build-up drill; chain drill; mini-dialogue; completion; minimal pairs.