Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. ______ is the author of the book Syntactic Structures.
13. The Natural Approach believes that the teaching of ______ should be delayed until comprehension skills are established.
A.listening
B.speaking
C.reading
D.writing
A B C D
B
[解析] 自然法强调语言理解的核心,并认为只有具备了理解能力才能教授说的技能。
14. ______ refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the text.
Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. In the Grammar-Translation Method, the teaching materials are arranged according to______system.
grammar
[解析] 语法翻译法强调讲授第二语言语法。语法被看作是语言的核心。教材内容是根据语法体系来安排的。
2. In applying the Oral Approach, with the target language as the language of the classroom, translation should be______.
avoided
[解析] 口语教学法具有一些重要特点,其中一个特点就是:用目标语作为课堂用语,尽量避免翻译。
3. The Total Physical Response method is a language teaching method which attempts to teach language through______activities.
physical
[解析] 全身反应法(The Total Physical Response method)的概念为:全身反应法是试图通过身体动作(physical activities)来教语言的教学法。
4. The ______ i+1, put forward by Krashen, means input that contains structures slightly above the learner's present level.
7. In the Direct Method, the target language is used ______ in the language classroom as a means of instruction and communication.
exclusively
[解析] 课堂教学中只用外语来授课和进行交流,完全避免使用母语和翻译练习是直接法的教学特点。
8. The Audiolingual Method, known variously as the ______ Approach and the Structural Approach, influenced the way languages were taught in the US and elsewhere in the world through out the 1950s.
9. The learning theory of Audiolingualism, an empirically based approach to the study of human be-haviour, is ______ psychology.
behavioral
[解析] 听说法的学习理论是行为主义心理学。行为主义心理学是一种以实验的方法研究人类行为的科学。
10. Hymes holds that communicative competence refers to the ______ not only to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when, where, and to whom to use them.
17. Although the teaching of all four language skills is advocated by most Direct Methodologists,______communication skills are regarded as basic.
oral
[解析] 尽管大多数直接法教学专家提倡发展四种语言能力,但是口头交际能力仍被看作是语言的基本能力。
18. In an Audiolingual classroom, a ______ is usually presented and memorized before specific grammar patterns are picked out from it and later become the focus of drill exercises.
19. In practice the Cognitive Approach involves more active use of the students' mental power, which is especially suitable for ______language learners.
20. Jean Piaget stated that as the child grows up, his capacity of ______would become more and more developed through different stages.
reasoning
[解析] 皮亚杰认为,儿童在成长的不同时期,其认知能力会不断地得到发展。
Ⅲ.Matching Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④ ,or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly. A:techniques used in the Audiolingual Method ①mini-dialogue ②transformation drill ③question-and-answer drill ④simple substitution drill ⑤repetition drill B:the purpose a. to give the students practice in finding and filling in the slots of a sentence b. to imitate the model accurately and quickly c. to help students learn to make appropriate responses d. to give students practice in transformation of patterns e. to give students practice in asking and answering questions
A:the main feature/view of the Natural Approach ①Language is best taught when it is being used to transmit message. ②The Natural Approach claims to be able to incorporate any of the techniques of other methods. ③People acquire a language from what they hear and understand. ④Students' errors are not corrected unless meaning is affected. ⑤Class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisition. B:the advantage or disadvantage associated with the feature a. The techniques are often borrowed from other methods. b. It emphasizes comprehensible and meaningful input. c. It emphasizes the process of language acquisition rather than the product. d. It stresses the importance of understanding. e. Formal learning of language rules is of little value.
A: teaching method ①the Grammar-Translation Method ②the Natural Approach ③the Communicative Approach ④the Cognitive Approach ⑤the Audiolingual Method B: theoretical basis a. the monitor theory b. structural linguistics c. the discourse theory d. traditional linguistics e. the cognitive theory
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.
1. What is the other term that the Oral Approach is referred to as?
The Situational Approach.
2. What form of language did the traditional linguists give priority to and what did they take as their starting point?
They gave priority to the written form, and took words as their starting point.
3. Classroom procedures in the Direct Method can be roughly divided into three phases. What are they?
(1) presentation by direct association; (2) oral practice in the target language; (3) consolidation with written work.
4. Halliday described seven basic functions that language performs. Please write out any five of them.
Language can be used (1) to get things,(2) to control the behavior of others,(3) to create interaction with others, (4) to express personal feelings, (5) to learn and to discover, (6) to create a world of the imagination,and (7) to communicate information.
5. What combination led to the Audiolingual Method widely adopted for teaching foreign languages?
The combination of structural linguistic theory, aural-oral procedures, and behaviourist psychology led to adoption of the method.
6. What are the main disadvantages of the Cognitive Approach?
(1) Teachers find it difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. And students who are slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding. (2) There are not yet complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom use.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Ten points are given to each question.
1. Discuss in your own words the four principles of cognitivism formulated by Diller.
(1) A living language is characterized by rule-governed creativity. (2) The rules of grammar are psychologically real. (3) Man is specially equipped to learn languages. (4) A living language is a language in which we can think.
2. Discuss in your own words any five characteristics of the Audiolinguai Method.
(1) New material is presented in dialogue form. (2) There is dependence on mimicry, memorization of set phrases, and over-learning. (3) Structures are sequenced by means of contrastive analysis and taught one at a time. (4) Structural patterns are taught using repetitive drills. (5) There is little or no grammatical explanation. Grammar is taught by inductive analogy rather than deductive explanation. (6) Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in context. (7) There is much use of tapes, language labs, and visual aids. (8) Great importance is attached to pronunciation. (9) Very little use of the mother tongue by teachers is permitted. (10) Successful responses are immediately reinforced. (11) There is a great effort to get students to produce effort-free utterances. (12) There is a tendency to manipulate language and disregard content.