Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. In the 19th century, foreign language teachers usually adopted the strategy of combining grammar rules with ______.
2. Teachers in a/an ______ classroom are encouraged to show approval for each and every correct performance by their students, and the drills are designed to produce success for the students.
4. One of the objectives by the Natural Approach is to enable the students to make the meaning clear but not necessarily be ______ in all details of grammar.
9. The Communicative Approach lays emphasis on learning to communicate through ______ in the target language.
A.listening and note-taking
B.interaction
C.role play
D.oral presentation
A B C D
B
[解析] 交际法强调通过使用目标语进行交流去学习交际技能。
10. The best-known reformer in the mid-19th century is ______, who developed an approach to teaching a foreign language on the basis of his observations of child first language learning.
11. In foreign language teaching, the target language was interpreted as a system of rules to be observed in texts and sentences, and to be related to the first language ______ and meaning.
Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. Bloomfield and Fries were known as the representatives of the ______ linguistics.
structural
[解析] 布鲁姆菲尔德被认为是美国结构主义语言学之父,而弗赖斯也是美国结构主义的代表人物。
2. The Natural Approach advocates that language teaching should emphasize ______ rather than form.
meaning
[解析] 自然法强调语言理解的核心作用并认为教学应强调意义而非形式。
3. According to Skinner, a renowned behaviorist psychologist, ______ was much more effective than punishment in a teaching situation.
reward
[解析] 斯金纳认为,在教学实践中奖励往往比惩罚更加有效。
4. The Direct Method got its name from the assumption that ______ are to be connected directly with the target language, without going through the process of translating into the students' native language.
5. A major feature of ______ code-learning is the emphasis on explanations of grammatical functioning.
cognitive
[解析] 认知符号学习理论的主要特征之一就是强调对语法功能的解释。
6. Asher, the advocate of the Total Physical Response method, views the verb, and particularly the verb in the ______, as the central element around which language use and learning are organized.
10. The experts in grammar analysis and translation approach believed that the human minds could be trained by logical analysis of the classic language, memorization of complicated rules, and ______ between languages.
11. Books such as A Grammar of Spoken English on a Strictly Phonetic Basis, A Handbook of English Grammar, Guide to Patterns and Usage in English served as a standard ______ source of basic English sentence patterns for textbook writers.
14. Cognitive psychologists hold that language learning is the discovery of the underlying ______ of the language by means of inductive and deductive inference.
17. In the Natural Approach, to ______ stress, learners are not required to speak until they feel ready, but they are expected to make responses in other ways.
18. Some British linguists emphasized the close relationship between the ______ of a language and the context and situation in which the language was used.
19. The Natural Approach considers ______ as the most important element of any language teaching program.
input
[解析] 自然法认为语言输入是任何一种语言教学程序中最重要的部分。
20. Two indispensable parts of Communicative Language Teaching are supposed to be discourse analysis and ______.
pragmatics
[解析] 交际语言教学法的两个不可分割的部分是话语篇章分析学和语用学。
Ⅲ.Matching Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.
1.
the Oral Approach
A
B
①the theory of language
a. guided repetition
②the theory of learning
b. new language points being introduced and practiced situationally
③one of the objectives
c. behaviorist habit-formation theory
④one of the techniques
d. to help the students to get a practical command of the four skills
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.
1. Could you please name any two of Daniel Jones' works on English phonetics?
(They are) The Pronunciation of English, A Phonetic Dictionary of the English Language, English Pronouncing Dictionary, and Outline of English Phonetics.
2. What is the learning theory of the Direct Method according to J.A.Comenius?
(1) The learner will acquire rules of grammar inductively. (2) The best method of teaching meaning is the one using sensory experience, generally visual perception.
3. How does the teacher that practices the Oral Approach deal with students' errors?
As accuracy in both pronunciation and grammar is regarded as crucial, errors are to be avoided at all costs.
4. What is language in Chomsky's opinion?
Language is not a form of behavior. It is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.
5. What is the primary goal of the Natural Approach?
It is to develop basic communication skills, both oral and written, and to help beginners become intermediates.
6. What are the four points summarized by Tang Lixing on the methodological development before the 1980s in China?
(1) giving priority to listening and speaking (2) laying equal emphasis on all the five basic skills (3) stressing reading skills (4) involving a more active use of the students' mental power
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Ten points are given to each question.
1. Discuss in your own words the advantages of the Direct Method.
(1) The use of the target language as a means of instruction and communication in the classroom contributes greatly to forming the habit of thinking in the target language. (2) The emphasis on practice with new language items and on language skills is important in achieving automaticity of using the target language. (3) The emphasis on spoken language conforms to the objectives of modem language teaching. Special attention paid to pronunciation and intonation is desirable in teaching spoken language. (4) Using full sentences as teaching units makes foreign language learning more natural and efficient for students to understand a new text and acquire a language. (5) Regarding listening and speaking as the basis of reading and writing is strategic in fostering the four skills.
2. What are the principles that Asher believes in?
(1) Comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language. (2) The teaching of speaking should be delayed until comprehension skills are established. (3) Skills acquired through listening transfer to other skills. (4) Teaching should emphasize meaning rather than form. (5) Teaching should minimize learner stress.