Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. Language is ______ in that it is rule governed.
8. Which of the following is used when one fails to catch what the speaker has said?
A.Excuse me.
B.I'm sorry.
C.Keep nodding.
D.I beg your pardon.
A B C D
D
9. ______ are implied or indirect references.
A.Nonverbal signs
B.Idioms
C.Allusions
D.Phrasal verbs
A B C D
C
[解析] 典故在词典中的定义为隐含的或间接的引用。故选C。
10. The proverb "God help those who help themselves" is related to ______.
A.Christianity
B.literary works
C.geography
D.navigation
A B C D
A
[解析] 宗教是谚语的重要来源之一。许多英语谚语都和基督教有关,如:Man proposes,God disposes.(谋事在人,成事在天);God help those who help themselves.(自助者天助之);God sends meat and the devil sends cooks. (上帝赐给食物,魔鬼派来厨师)等。故选A。
11. ______ is a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by "like" or "as".
A.A metaphor
B.A proverb
C.A simile
D.An idiom
A B C D
C
[解析] 明喻是两者或更多不同事物之间的直接比较,一般用“like”或“as”引导。故选C。
12. "黑面包" can be translated into ______.
A.brown bread
B.dark bread
C.black bread
D.red bread
A B C D
A
13. Honorifics are defined by Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary as a class of grammatical forms used in speaking to or about a social ______.
14. In the United States, the black people are often referred to as ______ in which the colour of their skin that caused them troubles and sufferings is NOT mentioned in English euphemisms.
A.niggers
B.negroes
C.the black
D.African Americans
A B C D
D
15. John does well in school. Furthermore, he takes an active part in the social work. The logical relationship between the above sentences is ______.
20. The word in British English for "电车" is ______.
A.motor car
B.engine
C.tram
D.tube
A B C D
C
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. In English culture the general rule is to introduce ______.
10. Which of the following brand names are named after their designers or manufacturers?
A.Chanel.
B.Salem.
C.Rolex.
D.Ford.
A B C D
AD
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. People now generally agree that language, culture and thought ______, each influencing and shaping the other two.
interact
2. The kinship terms "grandfather", "grandmother", "grandson", "granddaughter" and others show that the distinction between ______ and maternal relatives is often ignored in English.
paternal
3. Relative clauses in English are called ______ when modification and word order are discussed.
postmodifiers
4. In business English, "in the ______" is equivalent to running a business profitably.
black
5. Usually the person who answers the telephone ends the conversation over the ______ with "Thank you for calling".
telephone
6. A ______ is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.
proverb
7. Terms of humility are used to show the speaker's ______.
modesty
8. Text refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a complete ______.
meaning
9. The word in American English for "电梯" is ______.
elevator
10. In English ______ is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.
dragon
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Why do we say that culture is a historical phenomenon?
Because each generation inherits the culture established by its forefathers.
2. How do speakers of English view dogs?
Dogs are pets that can even be considered as family members.
3. What does the short term EST stand for?
FST, the acronyms of English for Science and Technology, is used to discuss topics about science and technology.
4. What is the definition of the word ADVERTISING?
Advertising can be defined as "the non-personal communication usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, service or ideas by identified sponsors through different media".
Ⅴ. Translation.
1. Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。
2. Please give us your comments.
请提宝贵意见。
3. If there is any inappropriacy in my manuscript, please feel free to change it.
文中不妥之处,敬请斧正。
4. 他壮得像头牛。
He is as strong as a horse.
5. 请不要挂电话。
Hold on a second. /Hold the line.
6. 谋事在人,成事在天。
Man proposes, God disposes.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. What are the topics that are considered by English speakers too personal to talk about?
In English culture, anything related to privacy or considered personal are taboo. For example, people's age, income, political and religious beliefs, etc. are normally considered too personal to talk about. It is improper to ask a stranger or a person one does not know well for his personal information.
2. What cross-cultural differences can you find between English and Chinese thanks?
Differences exist in what to thank for, how to thank others and whom to thank. English speakers usually express their gratitude for both minor and major favours others have done them, while Chinese speakers may omit the expressions of gratitude for minor favours. English speakers think it enough to say "Thank you very much. I really appreciate your help" when a major favour has been done to them, while in the same situation Chinese speakers may express their gratitude repeatedly. In English culture people thank their family members for what they have done for them, while in Chinese culture family members seldom exchange expressions of gratitude.