Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. In its broad sense culture is ______. Whatever distinguishes man from the rest part of the world is culture.
19. The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages, but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ______.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. ______ can convey messages in face-to-face communication.
7. —Pass me the salt. —Pass me the salt, please. —Would you please pass me the salt? The above utterances are arranged in an order of increasing degrees of ______.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. Value systems, world views, national traits, aesthetic standards and thinking patterns are often regarded as the central part of ______.
culture
2. Major English speaking countries, especially the United States, are "countries on the ______", which is illustrated by such words as "drive-ins", "motels", and "diners" .
road
3. Subjects and ______ are not so frequently omitted in English as in Chinese, as illustrated by the sentence "This book is very interesting. Would you like to read it?"
objects
4. In English speaking cultures, it is customary for the person calling or the elderly person to hang up the receiver ______.
first
5. "A Trojan horse" is an allusion derived from ______.
history
6. The English speaking people use the word "chicken" metaphorically to refer to a ______.
coward
7. Many plant and place names such as "poker" and "Mississippi" in American English come from ______.
Indians
8. It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more ______ than English advertising.
formal
9. The ______ zone ranges from touching to 18 inches. It is usually reserved for the very few special people in our lives who are very close to us.
intimate
10. Technical time refers to precise, scientific ______ of time counted in ordered, logical sequences.
measurements
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What does the statement "Language is the carrier and container of culture. " mean?
It means that cultural information is stored and represented in language.
2. Is "spiritual" a true equivalent to“精神上的"?
No. "Spiritual" has religious connotations while "精神上的" does not.
3. How is the letter "i" pronounced differently when it occurs before "le" in American and British English?
It is pronounced as or [i] in American English but as [ai] in British English.
4. What does the gesture "touching or pointing to one's own nose by raised thumb" signify in western culture?
It signifies that "It's me" or "I'm the one".
Ⅴ. Translation.
1. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.
男女老少都加入了战斗。
2. God help those who help themselves.
自助者天助之。
3. Many people intend to get white-collar jobs after graduation.
许多人大学毕业之后都想获得一份白领工作。
4. 请赐教。
Please be so kind as to give me some advice or suggestions.
5. 敬请光临寒舍。
You're invited to come to my home.
6. 2011年11月1日上午8点火车将到达北京。
At eight o'clock on the morning of 1 November, 2011 the train will arrive in Beijing.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. What is your interpretation of the proverb "An Englishman's house is his castle." and people's behaviours related to the proverb?
It means that one should not bother Englishmen without a good reason when they are at home and even when one has to visit them, one has to make an appointment beforehand. So in English speaking culture, it is necessary co make an appointment before you visit them.
2. How would you define "common core English" from the viewpoint of the speaking style?
Normally, at the elementary and low intermediate stages of English learning, the learner is mainly exposed to the Common Core English, which refers to those basic English items that appear in most or all varieties of English. Even though one can identify many varieties in a language, there are a lot in common among them. This common core English can be applied in most of the language use situations and is generally inoffensive, if it is used by a learner of English as a foreign language. However, the high intermediate or advanced learner is expected to develop an awareness of the stylistic differences of the oral texts produced in various language use situations. Only when thelearner has known the stylistic features of different oral texts and how to produce stylistically appropriate oral texts according to the situation in which he finds himself, can he be able to communicate effectively and precisely in English.