Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. Anthropological culture refers to ______.
A.culture in its broad sense
B.culture in its narrow sense
C.large C culture
D.academic culture
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题主要考查人类学文化。狭义的文化又被称作“小写c文化”或“人类学文化”。
2. Which of the following is NOT an example of the components of small c culture?
8. Which of the following is commonly used to bid farewell among the Chinese people as well as among English speakers?
A.It's nice to have met you.
B.Walk well, please.
C.See you tomorrow.
D.I'm pleased to know you.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题主要考查英语和汉语中的辞别语。“See you tomorrow.”是讲英语的人在分手时常说的,译成汉语是“明天见”,这也能被用作中国人之间的道别用语。“I'm pleased to know you.”以及“It's nice to have met you. ”对大多数中国人来说很陌生。“Walk well,please.”在汉语中译成“请走好”,讲英语的人听起来会觉得很奇怪。
9. "To pull somebody's leg" corresponds to ______.
14. In English culture anything that may remind an old person of his/her age might be offensive. If you are going to give a present to an English woman in her fifties, which of the following is IMPROPER?
17. In advertisement English, there is a tactful use of homophones—words that are pronounced alike but written differently and often have different meanings. This feature can be seen in ______.
A.I'm MORE satisfied. (cigarette)
B.The new computer from AT&T. Flexible. Reliable. And very compatible. (computer)
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. Which of the following are true about intercultural communication?
A.Intercultural communication originated in France.
B.Intercultural communication only deals with verbal interaction.
C.Intercultural communication is a branch of communication.
D.Intercultural communication involves people from different cultural backgrounds.
4. Among the following, "______" are fixed expressions used to greet others in English.
A.How do you do?
B.Where are you going?
C.What's your name?
D.How is everything?
A B C D
AD
[解析] 本题主要考查问候语。在英语中有些固定的表达方式专门用作问候语。“How do you do”是在两个人初次见面相识时使用的;“How are you”也是很常见的问候语;“How is everything”也是打招呼的一种方式。A、D两项符合题意。
5. "Knowledge is power", "Do not wear out your welcome" and "From saving comes having" are proverbs that are related to ______.
A.thrift
B.navigation
C.great English literary works
D.individualism
A B C D
ACD
[解析] 本题主要考查英语中的谚语。“Knowledge is power(知识就是力量)”是出自英语文学巨著里的谚语;“Do not wear out your welcome(客人待得太久不受欢迎)”是与个人主义有关的谚语;“From saving comes having(富裕来自节俭)”是与节俭有关的谚语。
6. People from different cultures do not always make the same analogies while using similes or metaphors. From a cross-cultural perspective, which of the following sentences make the same analogies in Chinese and English?
A.He's as strong as a horse.
B.What a dull speech! He's merely parroting what many others have said.
C.One look at his face and we realized that a thunderstorm was about to break.
D.All the men in our family have been as bald as coots by the time they reached forty.
9. The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of "r" in words. "R" is pronounced differently in the following words EXCEPT ______.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. Seven facets, the thematic model and ______ are three models for the analysis of culture.
key questions
2. ______ is money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year.
Christmas box
3. Comparing the sentences "Tony ate up the cake made by his mother" and "托尼吃掉了妈妈做的蛋糕", we may find ______ patterns in English and linear patterns in Chinese.
branching
4. In informal, situations, English speakers tend to address others by using their ______ names.
given
5. ______ is a common source of allusions in English, as seen in "a Pandora's box".
Mythology
6. Similes and metaphors must have two components: the tenor and the vehicle. In the sentence "He is the father of modem biology", "father" is a ______.
vehicle
7. Pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths are ______.
euphemisms
8. The reasoning from the general to the particular or reasoning in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from the general or universal promises is ______.
deduction
9. Advertising is defined as the ______ communication usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, service or ideas by identified sponsors through different media.
nonpersonal
10. Very often we can tell others' profession, personality, socioeconomic status, educational level and many other things according to the way they ______ themselves. So policemen and soldiers are readily identifiable from their uniforms.
dress
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What is logical thinking and artistic thinking?
Logical thinking refers to thinking in terms of pure reasoning while artistic thinking refers to thinking in which images are particularly attended to.
2. What do "intellectuals" in Western culture and "知识分子" in Chinese culture mean?
In most English speaking countries, "intellectuals" include only people with high academic status such as college professors. In Chinese culture, "知识分子" generally includes people who have had a college education and even senior high school students are considered "知识分子" in some rural areas.
3. Use "Congress passes tight budget plan" as an example to illustrate the most salient feature of the headline in English newspaper reporting.
This example shows the most salient feature or the headline is omission or the frequent use of the present tense. In this headline, "the" and "a" are omitted, and "passes" should be replaced by "has passed" or "passed".
4. In English culture, there are four interpersonal distance zones: the intimate zone, the casual-personal zone, the socio-consultative zone and the public zone. Please decide which zone matches with each of the following situations: (1) conversations with relatives; (2) business discussion; (3) public lectures; (4) staying with spouses and kids.
(1) conversations with relatives—the casual-personal zone (2) business discussion—the socio-consultative zone (3) public lectures—the public zone (4) staying with spouses and kids—the intimate zone
Ⅴ. Translation.
1. 人不犯我,我不犯人。
We will not attack unless we are attacked.
2. 真不知道怎么感谢你才好。
I can't thank you enough.
3. 善意的谎言
a white lie
4. Man proposes, God disposes.
谋事在人,成事在天。
5. disadvantaged families
贫困家庭
6. a green Christmas
没下雪的圣诞节
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. Define a proverb and illustrate how proverbs are related to culture in different cultures, by referring to the following groups of examples. (1) God help those who help themselves. 平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚。 (2) Rats desert a sinking ship. 树倒猢狲散。
A proverb is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form. It often provides an interesting glimpse or clues to a people's geography, history, social organization, social views and attitudes. It reflects a people's living and living environment. It is culture-specific. From group (1), we see that religion is an important source of proverbs The English proverb "God help those who help themselves" is related to Christianity, which is popular in English speaking countries, while "平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚" is related to Buddhism, which is popular in China. Group (2) shows that navigation is important to the Englishmen, so their experience in navigation is a source of English proverbs. "Rats desert a sinking ship" best represents an insular culture, while its Chinese equivalent "树倒猢狲散" demonstrates a continental culture.
2. Please use "nurse", "bank clerk", and "truck driver" as examples to define the terms of "white-collar jobs", "blue-collar jobs" and "pink-collar employees".
White-collar jobs are professional, business or clerical employments, such as "a bank clerk". Blue collar jobs are manual work, or skilled, semiskilled or unskilled labor, such as "a truck driver". Pink-collar employees are employees in occupations traditionally held by women, such as "a nurse".