Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. Language is ______ in that it is rule governed.
12. English grammar is often said to be ______ because English frequently uses inflectional morphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.
13. "2011年5月4日上午10点" can be translated into ______.
A.at 10 o'clock of the morning of 4 May of 2011
B.at 10 o'clock on the morning of 4 May, 2011
C.at 10 o'clock, the morning of 4 May, 2011
D.at 10 o'clock in the morning of 4 May, 2011
A B C D
B
本题主要考查英语和汉语语序的不同。 “2011年5月4日上午10点”用英语表达应该是“at 10 o'clock on the morning of4 May.2011”。
14. In the following sentences, which recipient in English becomes modifier in Chinese?
A.It is raining.
B.We all joined in the battle.
C.He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc.
D.John hit the pickpocket on the head.
A B C D
D
本题主要考查对受事语和修饰语(Recipients and modifiers)的了解。 在英语中,动作承受者和动作承受的身体部位分别由作为宾语的名词和作为状语的介词短语来表述,宾语和状语都不能少。而在汉语中,仅用名词短语就可表达英语中用名词、代词或介词短语表达的意义。在“John hit the pickpocket on the head. 约翰打中小偷的脑袋。”一句中,英语的承受者在汉语译文中成了修饰语。
15. In the following names, which one is associated with Christianity?
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. ______ are some important properties of language.
10. "______" is an appropriate reply to an expression of gratitude.
A.Don't mention it
B.Don't say that
C.It's my pleasure
D.It's my duty
A B C D
AC
主要考查英语中对致谢的应答。 “It's my pleasure”,“Don't mention it”都可以作为对别人致谢语的应答。
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. Language is ______ in that there is no logical relationship between words and their meanings.
arbitrary
2. The supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom is ______.
Parliament
3. ______ is the elected head of the government in the U. S. A.
President
4. Conceptual meaning is the ______ a word conveys.
basic meaning
5. Language is the carrier and container of ______.
culture
6. "______" is the translation equivalent of "social sciences".
社会科学
7. Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and ______ morphemes.
derivational
8. The English equivalent of "红茶" is ______.
black tea
9. Names include given names, surnames, full names with or without a ______, and nicknames or pet names.
title
10. ______ meaning or stylistic meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.
Social
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What is large C culture?
Culture in its broad sense is also called "large C culture" or "academic culture".
2. What is the conceptual difference between "intellectuals" and "知识分子"?
"Intellectuals" would include only people with high academic status such as college professors. In Chinese culture "知识分子" generally includes people who have had a college education. So the English word covers a much smaller range of people than its counterpart in Chinese.
3. What are standard appellatives?
Terms of family relationships like mother, father, son, daughter, uncle, aunt, grandmother, grandfather, or more familiar terms like mom(my), mum(my), dad (dy), aunty, granny, grandma, grandpa that can be used as vocatives are termed as standard appellatives.
4. How do English speakers respond to compliments?
In English culture, it is perfectly natural to accept a compliment. So people, to respond to a compliment, simply say "Thank you" in many situations.
Ⅴ. Translation.
1. He is not a man to act rashly.
他不是行事鲁莽的人。
2. She is absent today because she is ill.
因为病了,所以他今天没来。
3. We know how to distinguish between friends and enemies.
我们知道如何分清敌友。
4. 男女老少都参加了战斗。
Men and women, old and young, all joined the battle.
5. 铁石心肠
marble-hearted
6. 人不犯我,我不犯人。
We will not attack unless we are attacked.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?
In English only a small set of terms can be used as titles. Mr. , Mrs. , Miss and Ms are perhaps the most frequently used ones, which are not related to people's social status. The less frequently used ones include president, prime minister, governor, mayor, judge, lawyer, professor, etc. In Chinese, the terms that can be used as titles are numerous. Almost all the terms of office and profession can be used as titles. These titles indicate people's social positions.
2. Discuss the word "privacy" and the related individualism in English culture.
The English word "privacy" has no true equivalents in Chinese, even though now "隐私" has been coined as its translation equivalent. However, "隐私" does not sound very pleasant to the majority of the Chinese people. "Privacy" interpreted as "freedom from undesirable intrusions" and regarded as a human right best reflects individualism in English culture. In individualistic culture the rights individuals have against society and other individuals are emphasized. Individualism originated in ancient Greece and Rome where democracy and the belief that man could defeat nature were highly valued. These ideas were later strengthened in the Renaissance and the Bourgeois Revolution. Now individualism is a central theme in western culture.