Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
15. "Damn", "God damn you", "Hell", etc. are ______ words in English.
A.honourific
B.euphemistic
C.swear
D.polite
A B C D
C
本题考查对英语国家诅咒语(swear words)的了解。 诅咒语在英、汉两种语言中都属于禁忌语。诅咒语相对来说更加伤人,因此社会对它们的使用限制得更加严格。例如:son of a bitch(狗娘养的),这类词十分伤人。不过,像Damn,Damn it,Damn you,God damn you,Hell(混蛋!他妈的!见鬼去吧)等诅咒语的语气稍微缓和一点。
16. English speakers expect to be immediately informed of ______ the letter they have received is written.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. The word "woman" can be defined conceptually as ______.
4. The expressions "______" in Chinese may correspond to the English idiom "not to bat an eyelid ".
A.眼不眨,心不跳
B.处之泰然
C.大处着眼,小处着手
D.大吃一惊
A B C D
AB
本题主要考查有关言谈举止的英语成语的翻译。 not to bat an eyelid指“对于所发生的非同一般的事不表示惊讶、关心或警觉”。与汉语的“眼不眨,心不跳”或者“处之泰然”相对应。
5. "A blue fit" is close in meaning to ______.
A.annoyance
B.happiness
C.satisfaction
D.irritation
A B C D
AD
本题主要考查有关颜色词的联想意义。 露在非正式英语中,a blue fit指“极为不满、震惊或气愤”。
6. "______" is a euphemism for "death" or "die".
A.Go
B.Pass away
C.Fall
D.Pay the debt of nature
A B C D
ABCD
本题主要考查与“死”有关的委婉语。 委婉语是让人听起来悦耳、礼貌或毫无恶意的词或词组,用于掩饰那些刺耳、粗鲁的言辞或不雅的事实。无论在英语还是在汉语中,人们普遍认为应该避免的一个词就是“死亡”,所以有很多表达方法被用来代替“死亡”。go,fall,pass away,pay the debt of nature都是die的委婉语。
7. If the sentences in a text are connected by ______ means, we say that they exhibit cohesion.
10. ______ illustrates an additive relation between the two sentences.
A.My client says he does not know this witness. Further, he denies ever having seen her.
B.All the figures were correct. Only I don't know how to play.
C."Shall we try another figure of the Lobster Quadrille?" the Cryphon went on. "Or would you like the Mock Turtle to sing you a song?"
D.Treating people as responsible citizens brings about the best in them; they behave as such. In the same way if you treat them as criminals they will soon begin to act like criminals.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. ______ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.
Analytic
2. ______ is an outdoor game, originating in Scotland and now very popular in English speaking countries, especially the United States. In this game a small, white resilient ball is hit with a set of long-shafted club into a series of 9 or 18 holes up to about 500 metres apart from one another and distributed over a course of natural or artificial hazards.
Golf
3. English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the ______ relations between linguistic elements.
grammatical
4. The kinship terms "grandfather", "grandmother", "grandson", "granddaughter" and others show that the distinction between ______ and maternal relatives is often ignored in English.
paternal
5. The English expression "______" is equivalent to "秃子头上的虱子——明摆着" in Chinese.
plain as the nose on one's face
6. ______ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinary news m a sensational manner.
Yellow journalism
7. In American English, the equivalent word of "通风" is ______.
draft
8. Running a business ______ means running it at a loss.
in the red
9. A: Are you American? B: Yes, I am. The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit ______.
cohesion
10. The English equivalent for "跑表" is ______.
stop watch
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. How would you explain the statement that language is systematic?
Language is rule governed. Elements in it are arranged according to certain rules. People have to speak a language according to its rules.
2. What is the connotative meaning of the expression "a white elephant" ?
"A white elephant" connotes something useless, seldom used or too costly to be worth maintaining.
3. What is the British equivalent for the American word "raincoat" ?
"Mackintosh" is the British equivalent for the American word "raincoat".
4. What is common core English?
Common core English refers to those basic English items that appear in most or all varieties of English. It is often used in certain fields and has apparent characteristics of this field.
Ⅴ. Translation.
1. What's the majority's view?
大多数人的意见怎样?
2. Never cast your pearls before swine.
不可对牛弹琴。
3. A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
更了名的玫瑰也照样芬芳。
4. 易如反掌
as easy as ABC
5. 树倒猢狲散。
Rats desert a sinking ship.
6. 这是城中出现的第三例天花。
This is the third case of smallpox to occur in the town.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. How would you explain the fact that "greenhouse" and its equivalent in Chinese "温室" are formed differently?
Apparently different thinking patterns are involved in the formation of these two terms. English speakers emphasize its function: keeping plants green, while the Chinese people view it from its physical characteristic: warmer than other buildings.
2. What are the English expressions that have been coined to avoid sexism?
Perhaps as a result of the Woman's Liberation Movement in the 1960s and 1970s, most native speakers of English try to avoid sounding like a sexist. For this reason. "Chairperson", "gentleperson", "he or she", "humankind", etc. have been coined. "Chairperson" emerged to refer to a male or a female who presides over a meeting or an orgniza-tion. "Gentleperson" is a polite expression referring to either a male or a female. The awkward expression "he or she" emerged to replace "he" to refer to a person of unknown sex. "Humankind" or the phrase "the human race" is used to replace "man" or "mankind" to refer to the whole human race.