Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. Language is ______.
A.the product of the human brain
B.rule governed
C.independent of culture
D.the result of social institutions
A B C D
B
主要考查语言的特征。 语言是由规则支配的,构成语言的成分遵循某些特定的规则。
2. A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is called ______.
A.hamburger
B.sandwich
C.hot dog
D.pudding
A B C D
C
本题主要考查与生活方式有关的英语词汇。 hot dog(热狗)是夹有新鲜的烤热香肠的面包。
3. "To throw in the sponge" is derived from ______.
A.American football
B.baseball
C.horse racing
D.boxing
A B C D
D
本题主要考查英语中的体育运动典故。 “to throw in the sponge”源于拳击比赛。
4. On the Boxing Day ______ are traditionally given to dustmen, postmen and a few other public servants.
15. Honourifics are used to show respect to one's interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while ______ are used to show the speaker's modesty.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. Which of the following proverbs are related to navigation?
A.Great men are not always wise.
B.An Englishman's house is his castle.
C.Many drops of water will sink the ship.
D.The good seaman is known in bad weather.
A B C D
CD
本题主要考查英语中和航海有关的谚语。 本题中“Many drops of water will sink the ship.”和“The good seaman is known in bad weather.”属于和航海有关的谚语。
2. "To miss the boat" can be used to mean to lose the opportunity ______.
A.to do something
B.to go touring
C.to obtain something
D.to go boating
A B C D
AC
主要考查对英语中成语的了解。 “to miss the boat”被用来表示“失去做某件事或得到某物的机会”,与汉语成语“坐失良机”相当。
3. Which of the following statements is right?
A.Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous.
B.Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.
C.Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.
D.Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. The famous saying of Shakespeare that a rose by any other name would smell as sweet can best illustrate the ______ quality of language.
arbitrary
2. The word in British English for "basement" is "______".
cellar
3. The ______ zone ranges from 18 inches to about 4 feet.
casual-personal
4. The English functional equivalent to "您有何高见" is "______".
What's your opinion
5. Man proposes, God ______.
disposes
6. If you want to visit a foreigner you need to make an ______ before you go.
appointment
7. The English equivalent of "令尊" is "______".
your father
8. In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as ______ and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.
topic sentence
9. In an English letter of request there are three parts : the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a ______.
routine remark
10. ______ time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.
psychological
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. How would you explain the statement that language is the carrier and container of cultural information?
Human beings have been interacting with the world and accumulating their experience and knowledge about the world which are represented in language. As a result, we can find in language all human knowledge and experience which are interpreted as cultural information.
2. Translate the proverb "Any port in a storm" into Chinese and discuss them in relation to culture.
The proverb can be translated into“慌不择路”. The English proverb represents an insular culture, while its equivalent in Chinese demonstrates a continental culture. That is while expressing the similar ideas, English speakers turn to their experience in the sea, while Chinese speakers turn to their experience on land.
3. What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?
In most English letters of request, the request precedes the supporting information; while in a typical Chinese letter of request, the request follows the supporting facts.
4. Could you say something about the language features of English advertising?
It has phonetic, lexical, grammatical and semantic features.
Ⅴ. Translation.
1. lowboy
矮脚抽屉柜
2. When I was young, I walked to school.
小时候,我步行上学。
3. Request the honour of your presence.
敬请光临。
4. 请不要挂电话。
Hold on for a moment, please.
5. 法网恢恢,疏而不漏。
Mills of God grind slow but sure.
6. 别指望亚瑟会为自己辩护,他胆小如鼠。
It's no use expecting Arthur to stand up for himself, he's as timid as a mouse.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. What are the three models for the analysis of culture?
The three models for the analysis of culture are Key Questions, the Thematic model and Seven Facets. Key Questions model was proposed by Nelson Brooks. These key question help promote systematic observation. They exemplify the individual and institutional aspects of culture. The Thematic model was proposed by Howard Lee Nostrand. He emphasizes three cultural elements: values, traits and world views on which themes of culture are based. Seven Facets was proposed by George Murdock. He bases his cultural model on the assumption that any one element of culture may have seven facets. He emphasizes the behavioural aspects of culture and treats whatever one does, says, or thinks as behaviour.
2. Why passive sentences, nominalizations and non-finite verbs are preferred in EST?
In EST what is discussed is often facts, processes, operations, concepts or theories. In passive sentences those facts, processes, operations, concepts or theories can become grammatical subjects, occupying the sentence initial position, which is the most attention-catching position in English. So passive sentences are frequently used in EST to give saliency to facts, processes, operations, concepts or theories being discussed. Frequent use of passive sentences can render texts in EST impersonal and objective. Nominalization and non-finite verbs make it possible to represent more than one process in a simple sentence. This is why they are used so frequently in EST.