12. Discourse theory of second language acquisition was developed from the______.
A.habit formation theory
B.Halliday's theory of first language acquisition
C.monitor theory
D.Cognitive theory
A B C D
B
[解析] 哈奇提出的Discourse theory来源于韩礼德的第一语言习得的研究,英国应用语言学家韩礼德认为语言使用的社会语境可以从以下三个方面分析研究:(1) 话语篇章的范围(the field of discourse);(2) 话语篇章参与者的关系(the tenor of discourse);(3) 话语篇章的方式(the mode of discourse)。话语篇章分析(Discourse theory)是交际语言教学法中不可分割的部分。选项A听说法的学习理论是行为主义心理学,行为主义心理学认为学习语言就是习得一套适当的语言刺激与反应之间的联系,语言学习是一个机械的、习惯形成的过程。选项C自然法的提倡者克拉申提出了第二语言习得中自我监测模式(Monitor Model)。选项D认知说的语言理论基础是乔姆斯基的语言习得机制。
13. The Audiolingual Method provided such materials for teaching English as all of the following EXCEPT______.
A.English 900
B.Lado English Series
C.New World English
D.Success With English
A B C D
C
[解析] 听说法(the Audiolingual Method)综合了结构主义语言学理论、耳口法的教学程序和行为主义心理学的教学法。听说法当时广泛应用于北美各高等院校的外语教学。它为大学外语教学和教材编写提供了教学方法上的理论基础。Lado English Series《拉杜英语教材》、English 900《英语900句》、Success With English《英语成效》都是根据听说法原则编写的。
14. According to Skinner, a well-known behaviorist psychologist, ______, was much more effective than ______ in a teaching situation.
15. Franz Boas, a representative of American structuralism, made a thorough study of the native languages and cultures of American ______ which were to be extinct.
6. The generative linguist is interested not only in describing language but aslo in______language. In other words, they attempt to find the______ as well as the why in the study of language.
7. The ______Approach believes that mistakes are unavoidable in the creative use of language, and students' mistakes are a necessary and natural______.
10. Rather than focus on explanation of grammatical rules in classroom teaching, the teacher of an Oral Approach class must encourage direct and ______ use of the target language in the classroom.
1. Column A ①language acquisition device (LAD) ②stimulus and response ③the discourse theory ④acquisition and learning ⑤the input hypothesis Column B a. The former refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of "competence"; the latter refers to conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules. b. A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one's first language. c. It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way—by understanding messages, or by receiving "comprehensible input". d. It believes there is little difference between the first language acquisition process and the process of second language acquisition—only through communication discourses. e. The former serves to elicit behaviour; the latter is triggered by the former.
1) ______the Grammar-Translation Method 2) ______ the Direct Method 3) ______ the Oral Approach 4) ______ the Audiolingual Method 5) ______ the Cognitive Approach a) The neogrammarians, represented by Hermann Paul formed its main linguistic base. b) The structural linguists believed that the primary medium of language is oral, that is language is speech. c) It lays emphasis on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system. d) It can be characterized as a type of British "structuralism". e) It believes in the natural process of language learning and in the inductive teaching of grammar.
1. Is dialogue a useful way to introduce new material? Why or why not?
Yes,dialogue is a useful way to introduce new material.Dialogues can provide a natural context or the language forms as long as it is from real communication,no artificially expressed.Dialogues show the learner how language is used in real language interaction,and they can be good models of oral communication.Dialogues are also believed to reflect the cultural aspects of the target language.Certain sentence patterns and grammar points are included within the dialogue.These patterns and points are later practised in drills based on the line of the dialogue.
2. What is the most important aspect of language according to the Grammar-Translation Method?
According to the Grammar-Translation Method, grammar is the most important aspect of language, which is viewed as a system of rules. Systematic study of grammatical rules plays an important role in fostering students'ability of reading comprehension and producing grammatically correct sentences. Understanding and mastering the morphology and syntax will develop students'ability of analyzing and solving problems.
3. What is the basic theory of psychoanalysis?
(1) The basic theory of psychoanalysis is put forward by Freud. (2) The theory divided the mind into conscious and unconscious mind. (3) The conscious mind is only a very small part of the whole mind while the rest remains unconscious. (4) Psychoanalysis aims to analyze the irrational behaviour of patients.
4. How does an Oral Approach teacher respond to students' errors?
Errors are to be avoided at all costs. Accuracy in pronunciation and grammar is regarded as crucial. The teacher is ever on the lookout for grammatical and structural errors. She will indicate students' error and correct it either by herself or get students to correct by themselves.
5. Halliday described seven basic functions that language performs. Please write out any five of them.
Language can be used (1) to get things,(2) to control the behavior of others,(3) to create interaction with others, (4) to express personal feelings, (5) to learn and to discover, (6) to create a world of the imagination,and (7) to communicate information.
6. What are the main trends of applied linguistic research in the present period?
The following are the main trends of applied linguistic research in the present period: (1) Communicative language teaching; (2) New theories of second language acquisition; (3) New methods of language teaching; (4) New approaches to language syllabus; (5) Exploration of the human relations.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers
1. What do you think the three methods (the Silent Way, Community Language Learning and Suggestopaedia) have in common?
(1) They all lay emphasis on the individual and on personal learning strategies. (2) They try to give students room and time to learn with as little intrusion of the teacher into the learning process as possible. (3) They all try to involve the whole person of the students. (4) They view the learning of a second language as quite different from the learning of the first. (5) All three are inductive in the initial stage of the language learning process. (6) All three approaches advocate that there should be no correction of the learners' errors and they should be given enough time to work on their own. (7) They all aim to reduce the anxiety and tension of language learning. (8) They all encourages active use of the language in communicative situations from the beginning. (9)They all try to create a community feeling.
2. According to the Audiolingual Method, should dialogues be memorized through mimicry of the teacher's model? Why or why not?
No, dialogues should not be memorized through mimicry of the teacher's model. A dialogue is an individual case of language communication, between two persons. It only tells the students that when the participants play a certain kind of social role, in a certain kind of situation,about a certain topic, conversation goes that way. Dialogues are thought to provide meaningful context for the key structures and to illustrate situations in which those structures might be used. Here, meaning is the center of a dialogue, and human communication varies. No dialogue is held in exactly the same way, in the same kind of situation and about the same topic. Students do not have to memorize the teacher' s model. Students should try their best to develop their language competence, including communicative competence, discourse competence and strategic competence etc. so that they can use the target language communicatively.