Ⅰ.重写句子Revise each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.1. Solomon woke up when it was almost afternoon. ( simple sentence)
Solomon woke up ahnost in the afternoon.
[解析] 本题考查的是把句子改写为简单句。将题目中when引导的时间状语从句改成短语后与前面部分连接即可。注意:afternoon前面一般不使用at。
2. In the contract,there are too many ifs. (loose sentence)
There are too many ifs in the contract.
[解析] 本题考查的是把掉尾句改写为松句。根据松句特点,可把“there are too many ife”直接置于句首。
3. I bought a loaf of bread. I was hungry. (complex sentence)
I bought a loaf of bread, because I was hungry.
[解析] 本题考查的是把两个单句组合成一个复合句。由于前后分句具有因果关系,故可用because一词连接两个句子,使其构成复合句。
4. Summer is the most enjoyable season for many people. (periodic sentence)
For many people, summer is the most enjoyable season.
[解析] 本题考查的是松句与掉尾句之间的转换。根据掉尾句的特点,将附加部分“for many people”置于句首,且将for的首字母大写即可。
5. To know how to study is important for each of us. And to learn how to arrange time is also important for each of us. (sentence with parallel structure)
To know how to study and learn how to arrange time is important for each of us.
[解析] 本题考查的是把两个单句组合成一个含平行结构的句子。此题可作平行处理的是两个动词短语:“know how to study”和“learn how to arrange time”。
6. I thought she would scold me. She let me tell her my troubles. (compound sentence)
I thought she would scold me, but she let me tell her my troubles.
[解析] 本题考查的是把两个句子组合成并列句。首先通读题目,确定两句间可构成转折关系,然后用but一词连接前后句。本题也可使用yet和however(however前后须加逗号)。
7. We should not buy so many discounted coats, shoes and pants. They are expensive. Coats and shoes are old-fashioned. Pants are also old-fashioned. (long sentence)
We should not buy so many discounted coats, shoes and pants, which are expensive and oldfashioned.
[解析] 本题考查的是把若干短句组合成一个长句。解答此题首先应确定一个主句,这里主句为:“Weshould not…and pants”。然后把其余短句归并到主句中作相应的修饰成分,本题中的短句可转化成coats, shoes和pants的定语。
8. Girls usually put on some make-up to make themselves look more mature and beautiful. (sentence with "to Opener" )
To make themselves look more mature and beautiful, girls usually lint on Some make-up.
[解析] 本题考查的是把句子改写成含动词不定式的句子。把“to make them look more mature and beautiful”置于句首,后面添加逗号即可。
9. Scott did not often attend the professor' s lectures. The professor let him pass the exam. Scott gave some brand new opinions in the exam paper. (compound-complex sentence)
Scott did not often attend the professor'slectures, but the professor let him pass the exambecause Scott gave some brand new opinions in theexam paper.
[解析] 本题考查把若干单句组合成并列复合句。题目中第一、二句构成并列句,第一、二句和第三句构成因果关系的复合句。
10. Joe settled down to his study. He had gobbled down everything on the table. (sentence with a modifying phrase )
Having gobbled down everything on the table, Joe settled down to his study.
[解析] 本题考查把两个句子组合成一个含修饰性短语的句子。根据句子中动作发生的前后,把第二个句子转换成修饰短语即可。
Ⅱ.改写病句Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. I never saw so many cheerful, courteous students and helpful.
I never saw so many cheerful, couscous and helptul students.
[解析] 本题考查的是修饰语错置所致病句的修改。题目中helpful一词应和cheerful和courteous一起作students的定语。
2. I bought a new bicycle,he still uses his old one.
I bought a new bicycle, and he still uses his old oue.
[解析] 本题考查串句的修改。由于原题前后两部分构成并列关系,故可使用and或but连接起来。
3. Jack fixed the radio. Which my father bought two years ago.
Jack fixed the radio which my father bought two years ago.
[解析] 本题考查的是修饰语错置引起的病句。此题中which引导的句子可作radio的定语从句,故可将其紧接radio,两句合成一句。
4. I can' t agree more when you say to see is believing.
I can't agree more when you say to see is to believe.
[解析] 本题考查错误平行结构的修改。题目中平行结构可改为“to see is to believe”或者“seeing is believing”.
5. Listening to music in my room,my dog took away my slippers.
When I was listening to music in my room, my dog took away my slippers.
[解析] 本题考查垂悬修饰语的修改。该题有两种修改方法:一是将前半部分扩展成when引导的从句,后半部分保持不变;二是将后半部分添加“I found that”,前面保持不变,这样前后共用一个逻辑主语,句子成立。
Ⅲ.标出主题句1. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below by writing A, B, C or D.
A. As a freshman I felt all the difficulties of managing money.
B. Most college students are economically dependent on their parents.
C. Doing a part-time job can increase the sense of financial responsibility for college students.
D. Manipulating money wisely is an absolute necessity for everyone, especially for college students.
Answer:______
Answer:C
[解析] 在此题中,A项(作为新生我意识到所有管理开支的困难的存在)的范围太大;B项(多数大学生在经济上依靠父母)的范围太小,无法再展开陈述;D项(合理管理开支对每个人,尤其是大学生绝对必要)的限制性词语太多,无法把内容范围限制到适当程度。只有C项概括全面,范围适中,应为主题句。
2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Computers are useful in many ways. As we all know, scientists use computers to run experiments, analyze data, and solve large equations. Engineers use computers to automatically control complicated industrial production, design circuits and machine parts or even spaceships. Writers and editors use computers to write books, edit newspapers and magazines. And office workers use computers to manage files,send and receive e-mails,conduct statistical surveys of all kinds of information, etc. The list of computer applications is really endless, and more new applications are still developing.
Computers are useful in many ways. As we all know, scientists use computers to run experiments,analyze data, and solve large equations. Engineersuse computers to automatically control complicatedindustrial production, design circuits and machineparts or even spaceships. Writers and editors usecomputers to write books, edit newspapers and magazines. And office workers use computers to managefiles. send and receive e-mails, conduct statisticalsurveys of all kinds ot information, ete. The list ofcomputer applications is really endless, and morenew applications are still developing.
[解析] 文中的第一句是主题句,它统领全段。很容易看出后面的所有句子都是对第一句的举例证明,说明计算机在各个领域的应用。
3. Read the following paragraph carefully and choose the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph by writing A, B, C or D.
Topic Sentence.______
A few years ago, letter writing was the most important means of communication and people seldom made phone calls, especially in the rural areas, because there were not many telephones available. With the rapid development of China' s economy, telecommunication service is badly needed. For example, when many young Chinese go abroad to work or to study, they want to get in touch with their folks regularly and easily. Private companies have mushroomed all over China; businessmen realize the importance of telephone. In the countryside, letters usually take several days or weeks, and much time will be wasted, so people have dreamed for many years to have telephone service. Since many families are getting rich, they can afford it now.
A. Nowadays, more and more people rely heavily on the telephone instead of letters.
B. Nowadays letter writing is the most important means of communication.
C. Internet is the most important means of communication today.
D. Many families in China are getting rich now.
Topic sentence:A
[解析] 通过段落的第一句话可以排除选项B。由于全文中一直没有出现Internet这个词,所以选项C也可以排除。文章主要描述的内容是电话在现代社会越来越普及,代替了信件。这虽然和中国经济的发展有关,但中国人越来越富只是电话普及的一个条件,并不是主要内容,因此选项D也不正确。所以选A。
Ⅳ.重新组合段落Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.1. 19. One was a St. Bernard dog named Barry, who worked in the Alps in the early 1800s, when St. Bernards were still used to rescue people caught in snowdrifts or avalanches (雪崩).
20. Then there was Chips,the first war dog to be shipped overseas during World War Ⅱ.
21. Yet another animal hero was a canary named Bibs, the pet of an elderly woman, Tess, who lived alone in Tennessee and whose niece lived nearby.
22. Bibs died after alerting the niece.
23. Among the numerous heroes of history are animals.
24. He saved more than forty lives.
25. One night Chips pulled away from his handler and attacked a German weapons position, seizing one man and forcing the surrender of four others.
26. One day the niece heard a tapping at her window and discovered Bibs,so the niece quickly went to her aunt's house and found Tess had struck her head on something and fallen over.
[解析] 解答此类题目须先通读所有句子.把握段落大致内容,然后找出主题句,分析其他句子和主题句之间的逻辑关系,依这种关系排列句序。通读全段可以确定23句是主题句:动物在历史上无数的英雄事迹中有一定的地位。然后19句中“One”一词表明本句是继主题句后举的第一个例子;接着应选24句,因其他句子中均有名字提示,所述内容为另外的例子。20,25,21句分别提及Chips的事例,并启下引出Bibs,然后26,22两句可很容易排序。所以本段正确顺序为:23,19,24,20,25,21,26,22。
Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子1. When my friend Tom sets to work in the kitchen, disaster often results. I, frankly, am not much of a cook. Once he tried to make toasted cheese sandwiches for us by putting slices of cheese in the toaster along with the bread, he ruined the toaster. On another occasion, he had cut up some fresh beans and put them in a pan to steam. The water in the pan steamed away while Tom was on the telephone, and both the beans and the coating in the pan were ruined. Finally, another time Tom made spaghetti for us, and the noodles stuck so tightly together that we had to cut off slices with a knife and fork. The tomato sauce, on the other hand, turned out well. Because of Tom' s kitchen mishaps (事故), I never eat at his place without money in my pocket in case we have to go out to eat.
When my friend Tom sets to work in the kitchen, disaster often resuhs. I, flankly.am not much of a cook.Once he tried to make toasted cheese sandwiches for usby putting slices of cheese in the toaster along with thebread, he ruined the toaster. On another occasion, hehad cut up some flesh beans and put them in a pan tosteam. The water in the pan steamed away while Tomwas on the telephone, and both the beans and the coating in the pan were mined. Finally, another time Tommade spaghetti for us, and the noodles stuck so tightlytogether that we had to cut off slices with a knife andfork. The tomato sauce. on the other hand. turned outwell. Because of Tom's kitchen mishaps(事故),Inever eat at his place without money in my pocket incase we have to go out to eat.
[解析] 此题主要是考查段落的统一性。统一性要求段落的支持句都必须围绕段落主题句的中心思想展开,并要求各句在人称、时态、文体等方面相互保持一致,任何与主题关联不大的内容都应予以删除。这段话的主要内容是:当我的朋友汤姆开始在厨房做饭时,灾难通常会发生。坦率地说,我不是一个好厨师。一次他为我们烤乳酪三明治,当他把乳酪和面包放在烤箱里时,他把烤箱弄坏了。另一次,他把切碎的一些新鲜豆子放进锅里去蒸。锅里的水都干了而汤姆仍在打电话,结果豆子和锅盖都烧坏了。最后还有一次汤姆为我们做意大利面,面条都黏到一块了,我们不得不用刀叉把面条分开。另一方面,番茄酱却很好。因为汤姆的厨房事故,我每次在汤姆住处吃饭时都带着钱,以防我们不得不在外面吃。由此可知,文章主要是讲汤姆的厨房事故,所以第二句话是多余的。文章的倒数第二句也是多余的,因为此部分主要讲做意大利面时的小事故,并没有必要讲“番茄汁是很好的”,所以应将其删去。
Ⅵ.写信1. Write a letter according to the following situation:You are Zhu Liang. You are a student of Henan University,doing a research on the frequency with which welfare recipients use prescription drugs. To complete the paper, you need some specific information concerning medical aid payments and the number of prescriptions issued to people on public assistanee. Write a letter to the director of Province Welfare Office, asking them to provide the necessary information. (150-200 words)
Foreign Language Department
Henan University
85 Minglun Street
Kaifcng 475001
Jan.1, 2011
Director
Province Welfare Office
Zhengzhou 450002
Dear Director,
I am a second-year student at Henan University, and I am writing a social work paper that examines the friquency with which welfare recipients use prescription druags. To complete my paper, I need some specifici nformation concelTling medical aid payments and the number of prescriptions issued to people on public assistahoe:
(1)What is the number of prescriptions issued to medical aid recipients since October of last year?
(2)Do medical aid recipients request excessive quantities of drugs immediately after tbey receive public assistance?
(3)What was the total cost ot’prescription drugs to medical aid recipients last year?
I would greatly appreciate any information you could give me. The finished paper could provide you with useful information, and I would be glad to send you a copy.
Sincerely,
Zhu Liang
[解析] 此题要求写的信函属于正式信函。正式信函在写作时首先要注意信的格式。在开始正文写作之前应详细写明写信人的地址与写信日期。虽然也有只在信封上注明地址的情况,但这仅限于非常熟悉的朋友之间的日常信件,一般不用在正规的公务与商务信件中。写完信头之后还要写信内地址。信内地址(Inside Address)也就是收信人地址,一般置于信纸的左上角,从低于写信人地址最后一行的一到两行的位置开始写起。其排列次序是,先写收信人的头衔与姓名,然后从小到大写地址,其排列方式与信头一致,也可以有齐头式和斜列式两种方式。需要注意的是,信内地址应与信封上的地址保持一致。此题是假设你是河南大学一名叫朱亮的学生,目前正在做一项关于靠社会救济的人使用处方药品的频率的研究。为了完成你的研究工作,你需要有关社会福利获益者医疗补助等的具体数字。现在你要写一封信给省社会福利办公室的领导,希望他能给你提供你所需要的信息。在写这种公务信函时,如果不清楚收信人的具体情况,可以只称呼其职务。在写正文时,不仅要注意文章的格式,也要注意文章的语气要礼貌得体。第一段开门见山,点明写信的主要目的——为了完成研冤题目,希望对方能提供有关数据。第二部分写清楚需要哪些方面的数据,要有层次、有条理,便于对方回答。第三部分要表示对对方的感谢。最后写信人的姓名一般签在结束语正下方,这是书信中必不可少的。私人信件只需亲笔签名(Signature),而公务或商务信件中除亲笔签名外,还应在下面打印出写信人的名字。