Ⅰ.重写句子Revise each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.1. Alice likes to listen to classical music, and Jessica likes to listen to classical music too.(simple sentence)
Both Alice and Jessica like to listen to classical music.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为简单句。简单句是最基本的句子类型,至少是含有主语、谓语动词的独立的、有意义的句子。并列句是由两个以上的简单句合并而成的句子,它的合并方式通常是由逗号加一个连接词,或由句子衔接词、分号来连接两个分句。在此题中就是要把逗号去掉,把并列句的两个主语合并为简单句的一个主语,可用both……and…连接。
2. The shutters are closed tightly to keep cool. It is burning heat outside. (compound sentence)
The shutters are closed tightly to keep cool, for it is burning heat outside./It is burning heat outside, so the shutters are closed tightly to keep cool.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为并列句。两个或两个以上的简单句可以合并为并列句。合并方式通常是由逗号加一个连接词(and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet),或由句子衔接词、分号来连接两个分句。根据句意,因为外面很热,百叶窗被紧肾关上以保持凉爽,前后句子为因果关系,所以用连词for或者so来引导。
3. Susanna was eating the fish. She began to feel sick. (complex sentence)
While Susanna was eating the fish, she began to feel sick.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为复合句。一个含有从句和主句的句子便是复合句。主句部分常常是一句话的中心所在,是被强调的部分。从句部分由从属连词引导,从句一般放在句首,应用逗号与主句分开。根据句意,苏珊娜正在吃鱼;她开始感到不舒服,前面一句可以作为状语修饰后面的句子,所以应该把前面的句子改为while引导的状语从句。
4. He hated evening self-study classes. The road to school was long. There were no lights lining the road. (compound-complex sentence)
He hated evening self-study classes because the road to school was long and there were no lights lining the road.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为并列复合句。含有两个(或更多)简单句和一个(或更多)从句的句子是并列复合句。根据题意,第一、二句之间为因果关系;第二、三句之间为并列关系,且分量相当,所以可以在前两句之间插入从属连词because,在后两句之间插入并列连词and。
5. The community college is making it easier for older students to attend college in a number of ways. (periodic sentence)
In a nunlbet of ways, the community college is maidng it easier for older studento attend college.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为掉尾句。凡是把主要意思留到句尾的句子叫做掉尾句。所以此题中要把介词短语in a number of ways提前。
6. I spent almost two hours on the phone yesterday. I tried to find a garage to repair my car. (sentence with "to opener" )
To find a garage to repair my Car, I spent almost two hours on the phone yesterday.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为使用动词不定式开头的句子。当动词不定式用作状语放在句首时,常用来表示目的。根据句意,我昨天花了几乎两个小时打电话,我试着去找个修理厂去修理我的车。后一句表示目的,可把后一句放在句首,且以动词不定式开头,并在动词不定式短语后加上逗号。
7. Lakey is the most beautiful one of the group of girls. She is also the most intelligent and the most resourceful one of them. (sentence with parallel structure)
Lakey is the most beautiful, the most intelligent, and the most resourceful one of the group of girls.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。平行结构可以是单词、词组、从句,也可以是句子。此题中句子中都有形容词词组,可以把它们并列起来。
8. Jim bought his wife a Christmas gift. He didn' t tell her beforehand. (sentence with a modifying phrase )
Jim bought his wife a Christmas gift without telling her beforehand./Without telling her beforehand, Jim bought his wife a Christmas gift./Not telling her beforehand, Jim bought his wife a Christmas gift.
[解析] 此题要求使用修饰性短语。在句子的开头或适当的位置可以使用修饰性短语,这样的修饰语既无主语,也无动词,常由介词如on, in, under, over, between, from, with, by以及现在分词和过去分词开头。它们紧紧位于它们所修饰的词之前或之后。此题可用现在分词开头,即以“Not telling…”开头;也可用介词without,放在句子开头或句中。
9. The next day, Mrs. Harris got up and sat on the edge of her bed. Her head began to swim. She lay down again. (compound-complex sentence)
The next day, when Mrs. Harris got up and sat on the edge of her bed, her head began to swim and she lay down again./The next day, Mrs, Harris got up and sat on the edge of her bed, but her head began to swim, so she laydown again.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为并列复合句。含有两个(或更多)简单句和一个(或更多)从句的句子是并列复合句。此题可以有两种理解方法:第一种是第一、二句之间为并列关系,且分量相当,第二、三句之间为因果关系,所以可以在前两句之间插入并列连词but,在后两句之间插入从属连词so。第二种是第一、二句之间为从属关系,且前一句可以修饰后一句作时间状语,第二、三句之间为并列关系,所以可以在第一句前插入时间连词when,且句号改为逗号,在后两句之间插入and。
10. His investment had been lost in the stock market crash. Smith became another person. (complex sentence)
Smith became another person since his investment had been lost in the stock market crash./Since his investment had been lost in the stock market crash, Smith became another person.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为复合句。一个含有从句和主句的句子便是复合句。主句部分常常是一句话的中心所在,是被强调的部分。从句部分由从属连词引导。根据句意,他的投资在证券市场行情暴跌中丧失,他变成了另一个人。前后两句可由从属连词since连接,表示“自从……以后”。
Ⅱ.改写病句Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. There is a very beautiful garden on campus, that is nay favorite spot.
There is a very beautiful garden on campus, which is my favorite spot./There is a very beautiful garden on campus. That is my favorite spot.
[解析] 此题是一个串句。串句是一种错句,即在没有连接词或标点符号的情况下,将两个独立的单句串在一起。有的串句仅将两个单句用逗号隔开,犯了“逗号割裂”的错误。本题就是犯了“逗号割裂”错误。改正串句主要有3种方法:(1)句号和大写;(2)逗号和连接词;(3)使用分号。在此题中,可以用句号和大写这种方法,也可以把后句看成是非限制性定语从句,把that改成which,修饰先行词garden。
2. She closed her eyes. Thinking back through the years of being mother, wife, friend, daughter, and sister.
She closed her eyes, thinking back through the years of being mother, wife, friend, daughter, and sister.
[解析] 此题是一个ing分词引起的破句。当ing分词处于一组词的首位或靠近首位时,就有可能出现破句。这样的句子缺少主语或缺少谓语动词的一部分,语义不完整。改正这类破句的方法有三个:(1)让破句与其前或其后的句子连接起来,使语义完整;(2)增添主语,把ing部分变为动词的正确形式;(3)把being改为be的恰当形式。此题可以用逗号让破句与其前的句子连接起来,使语义完整。
3. Wading through the stream, a rock cut one of my bare feet.
When I waded through the stream, a rock cut one of my bare feet.
[解析] 此题是一个由垂悬修饰语引起的病句。垂悬修饰语即修饰语在句中找不到逻辑上被修饰的对象。改正垂悬修饰语的方法有两种:(1)明确动作的实施者,使主语成为垂悬部分所修饰的对象;(2)将省略句或分词词组扩展成从句。此题中,wading这一动作的实施者并不是a rock,而wading through the stream便成了无依着的分词修饰语。对这样的垂悬修饰语错误,必须明确动作的实施者。
4. His grades are not as satisfactory as Jim.
His grades are not as satisfactory as Jim's(grades).
[解析] 此题是一个错误的平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达,就破坏了平行结构。此题是由as构成的平行结构,当使用as构成平行结构时,要确保逻辑通顺,语法无误。而句中his grades并不能与Jim构成平行结构,所以要把Jim改为Jim's(grades)。
5. The teacher assigned the homework to the students that was too difficult.
The teacher assigned the students the homework that was too difiqcult./The teacher assigned the homework that was too difficult to the students.
[解析] 此题是修饰语错置引起的病句。修饰语可以是单词、词组、从句,也可以是句子。为避免修饰语错置,修饰语和被修饰的词要尽量靠近。此题中,“that was too difficult”离“the students”最近,看来似乎是在修饰它,但前者并不能修饰后者,而应该修饰“the homework”,所以“that was too difficult”应与“the homework”放在一起。
Ⅲ.标出主题句1. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
A. As a freshman I felt all the difficulties of managing money.
B. Most college students are economically dependent on their parents.
C. Doing a part-time job can increase the sense of financial responsibility for college students.
D. Manipulating money wisely is an absolute necessity for everyone, especially for college students.
Topic Sentence:______
Choose tIle best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Topic Sentence:C
[解析] 主题句是段落中表达中心思想的句子,它告诉读者这段话讲的是什么,统率全段,所以往往是一个段落中最概括、最重要的话语。主题句的中心限制一段话的内容范围,范围太大或者太小,都会使作者无法展开段落。必须要通过限制性的词语将内容范围限制到一定程度,因此主题句应包括主题和限制性词语。在此题中,A项的范围太大;B项的范围太小,无法再展开陈述;D项的限制性词语太多,无法把内容范围限制到一定程度。只有C项概括全面,范围适中,应为主题句。
2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
The most vital difference between Muslims in America and their brothers in Europe is the U. S. enduring emphasis on religious liberty. Religion is given far more respect in the U.S. than in Europe. Think about it. The U.S. is in the midst of a resentful debate over immigration in which many Americans reject "hyphenated (带连字符的) identities" like Mexican-American as a threat to national unity. Yet while Protestant, Catholic and Jewish Americans may disagree strongly among themselves, the religious basis of their identity is not seriously questioned by anyone. If Muslim Americans are not so readily accepted today, "it is not because they are believers. In Europe, by contrast, Muslims are resented and marginalized precisely because their religion threatens strong secular (世俗的) values.
Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
The most vital difierence between Muslims in America and their brothers in Europe is the U.S. enduring emphasis on religious liberty.Religion is given far more respect in the U.S. than in Europe. Think about it. The U.S. isin the midst of a resentful debate over immigration in which many Americans reject "hyphenated(带连字符的)identifies"like Mexican-American as a threat to national unity. Yet while Protestant, Catholic and Jewish Amerieansmay disagree strongly among themselves, the religious basis of their identity is not seriously questioned by anyone.If Muslim Americans are not so readily accepted today, it is not because they are believers. In Europe, bycontrast, Muslims are resented and marginalized precisely because their religion threatens strong sectdar(世俗的)values.
[解析] 主题句是段落申表达中心思想的句子。主题句告诉读者这段话讲的是什么,它统率全段。段落中其他的句子都应与主题句所提出的思想有关:说明它,展开它,为它服务。主题句常位于段首,但有时也出现在段中,或段落的末尾。第一句的主要意思是:美国的穆斯林和欧洲的穆斯林之间最主要的不同点在于美国对宗教自由长久性的强调。而后面叙述的是在美国和在欧洲人们对宗教的不同态度,是为了说明第一句而展开的叙述,是第一句的支持句。所以第一句就很好地概括了本段的中心思想。是本段的主题句。
3. Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Topic Sentence :______
These memories of mine have been collected slowly, over a period of years. Some readers, finding them in a magazine, have taken them for stories. The assumption that I have "made them up" is surprisingly prevalent (流行的), even among people who know me. I do not understand the reason for these doubts. Can it be that the public takes for granted that anything written by a professional writer is necessarily untrue? The professional writer is looked on perhaps as a "storyteller", like a child who has fallen into that habit and is mechanically scolded by his parents even when he protests that this time he is telling the truth.
A. I am essentially a story-teller.
B. I am often accused of telling lies.
C. The fact that I am a professional writer is often doubted by my readers.
D. The memories of mine are often taken as stories by some of my readers.
Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Topic Sentence:D
[解析] 主题句是段落中表达中心思想的句子,它统率全段。主题句常位于段首,但有时也出现在段尾或段中。这段话的意思是:我自己的一些回忆这几年已经被慢慢地收集起来了。一些读者在杂志上看到了这些,还以为这些都是故事呢。甚至连认识我的人也认为这些是我杜撰的。我不理解人们对此怀疑的原因。难道是公众理所当然地认为职业作家所写的任何东西都必然是不真实的吗?职业作家或许被看做是“说谎者”,正如一个小孩已经养成了说谎的习惯,即使他声明这次他没有说谎,父母仍会习惯性地责骂他。由此可以看出,第二句是本段的主题句,全面概括地对本段作了总结,与D项相符,故选D。
Ⅳ.重新组合段落Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.1. 19.The reason was never explained to us.
20. My father had taught me, on his lap, before I. started school-A Child' s Garden of Verses, and Eugene Field, his favorite poet.
21. I remember a storybook, which soon disappeared, about some Belgian children along a canal es- caping from Germans.
22. At any rate, these are all the books I recall from my childhood household.
23. From an early time, I had been a great reader.
24. A few volumes had come with us, I think, from Seatde to Minneapolis, but they were for looking at the pictures on the living-room floor while a grown-up watched, not for reading.
25. But after our parents' death, almost no books were permitted.
26. Was it to save electricity, or because books could give "ideas" that would make us too big for our boots?
[解析] 在做此类题时,一般要先把所有句子通读一遍,了解这段话的主要内容,然后找出主题句,再看其他句子和主题句之间有什么样的逻辑关系,根据这种逻辑关系排列句子顺序。先看第19句,至于原因,从来就没有向我们解释过。第20句,在我上学前我的父亲已经让我坐在他的膝盖上教我A Child's Garden of Verses和他最喜欢的诗人Eugene Field。第21句,我记得有一本故事书是讲比利时儿童沿着运河从德国人手里逃跑的,但这本书不久就消失不见了。第22句,这些就是我能想起的童年时期的所有的书。第23句,从很早的时候,我就是一个伟大的读者了。第24句,从西雅图到明尼阿波利斯,我们随身带着些书,但有大人在场时它们不是用来读的,而是用来在起居室的地板上看图画的。第25句,但是自从父母亲去世后,几乎没有书是被准许的。第26句,这是为了省电,还是因为书能给予我们“想法”使我们妄自尊大?由此可知,第23句应是首句,引出下文,然后应紧跟着第20、25句,然后是第26句。第24句后应紧跟第21、22句。所以句子顺序应为:23,20,25,26,19.24.21.22。
Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子1. It was mid-June the morning we graduated, and I fainted in the huge hall for the Commencement (毕业典礼) from the heat. Afterwards Frani' s parents took several of us to lunch at the Silver Swan. My grandparents had not come for the occasion, but sent me a check for a trip to Europe that was a graduation present, and a wedding present as well, they wrote. Yes, the decision of marriage had eventually been made. We had already had an interview with the curate (牧师助理), and it was exactly one week after the Commencement and my twenty-first birthday when we "stood up" together in the chapel. John told me that I would never become a good actress. We had a one-night honeymoon at an inn in Briarcliff, and there all of a sudden I had an attack of panic. As we climbed into the big bed, I knew, too late, that I had done the wrong thing. To marry a man without loving him, which was what I had just done, not really perceiving it, was a wicked action, I saw. Stiff with remorse and terror, I lay under the thin blanket through a good part of the night.
It was mid-June the morning we graduated, and I fainted in the huge hall for the Commencement(毕业典礼)from the heat. Aftrerwards Frani's parents took several of us to lunch at the Silver Swan. My grandparents had notcome for the occasion, but sent me a check for a trip to Europe-that was a graduation present, and a wedding presentas well, they wrote. Yes, the decision of marriage had eventually been made. We had aiready had an interview with thecurate(牧师助理), and it was exactly one week after the Commencement and my twenty-first birthday when we“stood up”together in the chapel. John told me that I would never become a good actress. We had a one-night honeymoon at an inn in Briarcliff,and there all of a sudden I had all attack of panic. As we climbed into the big bed, Iknew, too late, that I had done the wrong thing. To marry a mall without loving him, which was what I had iust done,not really perceiving it, was a wicked action, I saw. Stiff with remorse and terror. I lay under the thin blanket througha good part of the night.
[解析] 此题主要考查段落的统一性。统一性要求段落的支持句都必须围绕段落主题句的中心思想展开,并要求在人称、时态、文体等方面相互保持一致。任何与主题关联不大的内容都应予以删除。这段话主要讲的是:六月中旬的一个早上作者毕业了,由于太热在举行毕业典礼时作者昏倒在大厅里。她的祖父母并没有来参加这个毕业典礼,但却送给她一张去欧洲旅行的支票以作为毕业礼物,同时也是结婚礼物。由此引出作者结婚的事。作者已经决定要结婚了,婚礼定在毕业典礼后的一周,也就是作者21岁生日时。然后叙述作者在Briarcliff的一个小旅馆度蜜月时的所感。由此可知,文章主要讲的是作者结婚的事,所以第二句是多余的。第六句也与所讲内容无关。所以应删去。
Ⅵ.写信1. Write a letter according to the following situation: you came across a piece of news from China Daily that Zhaoyang High School in Gansu Province is recruiting English teachers. You (Li Ming), an English major going to graduate next summer, decide to apply for it. In the letter, make sure to include your devotion to education, your enthusiasm to work in the Northwest of our country, and your qualifications for the job. Don' t forget to leave your phone number (555-5555 ) for further contact. (150 -200 words)
Oct.10, 2008
Dear Sir or Madam,
I got the news from China Daily the other day that you ale recruiting English teachers, and now I anl writing to apply for the position.
As far as I know, there are still many poverty-stricken areas in the northwestern part of our country and teachers are badly needed there. Since education remains the basic means to alleviate poverty and improve people's livingstandard, I have long determined to become a teacher there and make my own contributions.
I am now an English major with exceUent performance in class, and I am going to graduate with good grades next summer. It is greatly appreciated if you could offer me this chance to help in the construction of the Northwest of ourcountry as a teacher. I am sure that my sense of commitment, educational background and qualifieations would notdisappoint you.
I can be reached by telephone at 555-5555. Please feel free to contact me for any further discussion.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
[解析] 此题考查信函的写法。英语信函包括6个部分:写信人地址、收信人地址、称谓、正文、结束语和签名。在写英语信时,应注意:(1)英、汉书写地址的排列顺序不同。(2)在私人信件中,信笺里收信人的地址常被略去。(3)在私人信件中,称呼对方的名;在商用信函中称呼对方的姓。(4)对不认识的人,或不知对方身份、性别的人的称呼用语。(5)商用信函和私人信件所用的不同的结束语。(6)商用信函签名时,要在亲笔签名下用打字机打出自己的名字和身份。(7)若随信附寄的有东西,就写上“Enclosure(s)”或“Encl.”的字样,若有遗忘的事需要补写,就写上“P.S.”字样。此题要求根据下列情况写一封信:你偶然在China Daily上看到一则消息,甘肃省朝阳中学将招聘英语教师。你是一名明年夏天即将毕业的英语专业的学生,你决定申请这个工作。所以这应是一封求职信,而且题中要求你所写内容应包括:你对教育工作的热爱,你对在西北部工作的热忱。以及你申请这个工作所具备的条件。所以在写信时,你可以首先说明你写信的目的,然后再写你希望在西北部工作的原因,以及你中请这个工作所具备的条件。因为这是一封求职信,你还需留下你的联系方式。