Ⅰ.重写句子Revise each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.1. I was apprenticed to a builder when I was fourteen.(simple sentence)
I was apprenticed to a builder at the age of fourteen./ at fourteen./at age fourteen.
[解析] 根据简单句的特点,只需把原题中的状语从句,即when I was fourteen转化为介词短语即可。
2. Independence Hall in Philadelphia is now restored. Fifty years ago it was in bad shape. (compound sentence)
Independence Hall in Philadelphia is now restored, but fifty years ago it Was in bad shape. //Fifty years ago Independence Hall in Philadelphia was in bad shape, and it is now restored.
[解析] 本题是两个简单句组成的,要把此题改写成并列句可直接添加并列连词but,或者把原题后句前置,并把后句中“it”替换为“Independence Hall in Philadelphia”,最后通过并列连词and将其与前句连接。
3. The story was interesting. It was not believable. (complex sentence)
Although the story was interesting, it was not believable.
[解析] 要将句子改写成复合句,首先要分析两分句之间的语气关系,然后再选择适合题目的从属连词,将主句与从句连接。由于前后两分句具转折语气,故可用连词although连接,组成复合句。
4. Despite its shortcomings, education remains the single best means of economic advancement. (loose construction)
Education remains the single best means of economic advancement, despite its shortcomings. //Edueation remains the single best means of economic advancement despite its shortcomings.
[解析] 本句的特点是中心意思在前,题目中重点强调的部分是“education remains the single best means of economic advancement”,故将其前置即可。
5. My aunt often travels abroad. She enjoys experimenting with unusual food. (sentence with a modifying phrase)
My aunt, often travelling abroad, enjoys experimenting with unusual food.//Often travelling abroad, my aunt enjoys experimenting with unusual food.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写为含有一个修饰短语的句子。题目中的第一个句子可转化为分词短语作状语,修饰后面第二个句子。注意,由于句中主语与动作的关系为主动关系,故使用现在分词travelling。
6. I want neither your sympathy nor do I want your pity. (sentence with parallel structure)
I want neither your sympathy nor your pity.//Neither do I want your sympathy nor do I want your pity.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写为含平行结构的句子。分析题目可知,want一词的两个宾语,即“your sympathy”和“your pity”可作为并列成分组成平行结构。另外本题也可采用倒装句的平行结构,即neither一词置于句首,形成Neither do I…nor do I…的倒装平行结构。
7. We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uranium. They are overused. Coal and oil are irreplaceable. Uranium is also irreplaceable. (long sentence)
We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uranium, which are overused and irreplaceable.//We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uraniuin because/as they are overused and irreplaeeable.
[解析] 将句子改写成长句的关键是透彻地分析各分句间的关系,将几个分散的句子通过定语从句或状语成分整合成一个长句。本题第二至第四小句可转化为第一小句的定语从句,或者此三句整合后作第一小句的原因状语从句。
8. Shopkeepers usually close their stores early on December 24 to get home early for Christmas Eve. (sentence with "to Opener" )
To get home early for Christmas Eve, shopkeepem usually close their stores early on December 24.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写为以动词不定式开头的句子。此类题目较为简单,只需正确找出动词不定式部分,将其置于句首即可。
9. Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year. Smith' s wife was extremely angry. She made Smith spend a week sleeping on the porch. (compound-complex sentence)
Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year, and his wife was extremely angry,80 she made him spend a week sleeping on the porch.//Because Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year,hiswife was extremely angry, and she made him spend a week sleeping on the porch.//Because Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year, his wife was so angry that she made him spend a week sleeping on theporch.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写为并列复合句。通过分析各分句之间的关系可知,第一小句是促使其他动作产生的原因,而“she made Smith spend a week sleeping on the porch”是最终结果。因此,再借助连词because和and可重写成并列复合句。
10. The route can be changed. I know several people. They don't like any change. (compound-complex sentence)
The route can be changed, but I know several people who don't like any change.
[解析] 本题包含三个单句,其中前两句可构成转折,而第三小句可作第二小句中“people”的定语从句。这样也就构成了并列复合句。
Ⅱ.改写病句Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. I went home, he stayed at the party.
I went home, but/and he stayed at the party. //I went home, He stayed at the party.
[解析] 本题是个串句,串句是一种错误的句子结构,是若干句子机械的杂糅。本题修改的方法是把原题分成两个独立的句子或者根据上下句间的关系采用连词把句子连接起来。
2. I returned the kitty to my mom. Which had been missing for a couple of days.
I returned the kitty, which had been missing for a couple of days, to my mom.//I returned the kitty which had been missing for a couple of days to my mom.
[解析] 本题中第二句其实是第一小句中kitty一词的定语从句,将其肾接于先行词kitty之后即可。
3. Mother could not persuade me that giving is as much a joy as to receive.
Mother could not persuade me that giving is as much a joy as receiving.//Mother could not persuade me that to give is as much ajoy as to receive.
[解析] 本题中“giving is as much a joy as to receive”部分是个错误的平行结构。修改方法是将“giving”改为“to give”或“to receive”改为“receiving”。
4. Walked along the river,I ran into a high school friend of mine.
Walking along the river, I ran into a hish school friend of mine.
[解析] 本题中“walked alongthe river”是后面句子的状语成分,但由于“I”和“walked”是主谓关系,故应将“walked”改为“walking”。
5. Economists are applauded or ignored when the economy is strong; are criticized when it is weak.
Economists are applauded or ignored when the economy is strong; they are criticized when it is weak.
[解析] 本题的解题突破口是题中的分号,由于分号前后必须是两个句子,因此为分号后面部分增添主语they(指代economists)即可。
Ⅲ.标出主题句1. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
A. There are some differences in the behavior of rock and classical music audiences.
B. At a rock concert, the audience members yell,whistle, sing along, and even stamp their feet.
C. Members of the classical music audience are so highly disciplined that they refrain from even clearing their throats or coughing.
D. With rock music,the better the performance,the more active the audience will be;with classical music,he better the performance ,the more still the audience will be.
Answer:______
Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Topic sentence: A
[解析] 主题句是段落中表达中心思想的句子,主题句统率全段,是一个段落中最具概括性、最重要的话语。主题句限制着一段话的内容范围。本题中A项的意思是,摇滚乐的观众和古典乐的观众在行为上有一些差异。这句话具有概括性,涉及的内容范围也较为合适,应为主题句。B、C两项分别是从一方面描述两种音乐类型的观众的特点,范围太小;D项是把两种类型的观众加以比较,范围较小,也不具概括性。因此A为正确答案。
2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Burnout is a potential problem for any hard working and persevering student. To strengthen their immunity to burnout, students need to work in moderation. They can concentrate on school every day, provided that they do not overtax themselves. One method students can use is to avoid concentrating on a single project for an extended period of time. For example, if students have to read two books for a midterm history test, they should do other assignments at intervals so that the two books will not get boring. Another means to moderate a workload is to regulate how many extra- curricular projects to take on.
Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Burnout is a potential problem for any hard working and persevering student. To strengthen their immunity to burn out, students need to work in moderation. They Can concentrate on school every day, provided that they do not overtax themselves. One methed students can use is to avoid concentrating on a single project for an extended period of time. For example, if students have to read two books for a midterm history test, they should do other assignments at intervals so that the two books will not get boring. Another means to moderate a workload is to regulatehow many extaeurricular projects to take on.
[解析] 主题句常位于段首(但未必总是段落的第一句),有时也会出现在段中或段尾。首先通读段落,本段共六句,而从第三句到段尾作者谈论的都是避免过度劳累的具体做法。再看前两句话的意思,第一句:过度劳累对努力、执着的学生来说是一个潜在的问题;第二句:为了增强抵御过度劳累的能力,学生们需要合理学习。很明显,第二句可以概括后面几句的意思,故第二句为主题句。
3. Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Topic Sentence:______
The first electronic computer, ENIAC, went into operation just over fifty years ago. Compared with today's home computer, ENIAC was enormous, consisting of forty panels, each two feet wide and four feet deep. Today's PC or Macintosh, by contrast, can fit on one's desk or even lap. ENIAC had to be configured by hand, with its programmers taking up to two days to reset switches and cables. Today, the average home user can change programs in an instant. And for all its size and inconvenience, ENIAC was slow. In its time, its operating speed of 100,000 pulses per second seemed amazingly fast. However, today's home machine can operate at 1 billion pulses per second or faster.
A. ENIAC came into being about 50 years ago.
B. ENIAC was huge in size,and inconvenient to use.
C. ENIAC differed from today's home computer greatly.
D. ENIAC operated at a much slower speed compared with today' s home computer.
Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Topic sentence: C
[解析] 本段大意为:第一台电脑ENIAC于50年前问世,与现代电脑相比,ENIAC更大、更复杂。当代个人电脑或Macintosh可放到桌子或大腿上。ENIAC需手动配置,其程序人员重设开关和线路需两天时间。今天的一台普通电脑也可在瞬间改换程序。而且ENIAC不仅庞大,不便使用,它运行也慢……然而,今天的计算机每秒可发出十亿个脉冲信号或者更多。可以发现,该段落主要是把ENIAC和现代电脑进行了对比。故C项符合要求。
Ⅳ.重新组合段落Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.1. 19. When they reached the cottage, the two seated themselves with some appearance of fatigue ( 疲惫) upon the upper step of the porch.
20. The sunshade continued to approach slowly.
21. He fixed his gaze upon a white sunshade (遮阳伞) that was advancing slowly from the beach.
22. The gulf looked far away, melting hazily into the blue of the horizon.
23. Mr. Pontellier, sitting at the porch of a cottage, lit a cigar and looked afar.
24. Beneath the sunshade were his wife, Mrs. Pontellier, and young Robert Lebrun.
25. They faced each other, each leaning against a supporting post.
26. He could see it plainly between the trunks of the water-oaks along the gulf and across the stretch of wild flowers.
[解析] 本题解答的关键是准确把握段落中空间及动作先后的顺序。因本段无明显的主题句,23句可作为首句,因为下文一系列的动作均由此句中主语“Mr.PonteUier”发出,或者以他为起点。然后是21句,此句中引出一个新的叙述对象:a sunshade。由此可确定下句紧接的是26句,因26句中it一词指的是sunshade。通读过22、20、24句之后注意抓住24句中提供的信息:his wife, Mrs. Pontellier, and young Robert Lebrun,他们正是19句中“they”所指代的对象,最后依据动作先后,25句应排在最后。所以正确的段落顺序应是:23,21,26,22,20,24,19,25。
Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子1. We have all used physical databases since our grammar school days. Grammar school is known today as grade school or elementary school. Our class year-books, telephone books, shoeboxes full of receipts documenting various bills we have paid-these are all databases in one form or another, for a database is nothing more than a collection of information organized to allow retrieval (取回) of that information in certain ways. Anyone who is well organized has a better chance of succeeding in college or in the business world.
We have all used physical databases since our grammar school days. Grammar school is known today as grade school or elementary school. Our class year-books, telephone books, shoeboxes full of receipts documenting various bilks we have paid—these are all databases in one form or another, for a database is nothing more than a collection of informarion organized to allow retrieval(取回)of that information in certain ways. Anyone who is well organized has a better chance of succeccding in college or in the business world.
[解析] 本段话的大概意思是:我们从上语法学校起就开始使用物理数据库了。语法学校在今天称为年级学校或小学。我们的班级年鉴、电话簿和装满了收据的鞋盒——这些都是不同形式的数据库,因为一个数据库也不过是可以用某种方式取回整理好的信息的一种形式而已。任何一个善于规划的人都有更大的希望在大学或商业界中获得成功。本段的主题是数据库的特点,而第二句和末句与此无关,故可删除。
Ⅵ.写信1. Write a letter according to the following situation: You are going to apply for an undergraduate English literature program of a university. In the letter, tell them about your interest in the program, your qualifications and your career plan. The letter is addressed to the program director Mr. Rochester. Don't forget to tell him your phone number (555-5555) and your email address (liping@ 126. com). Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150-200 words)
Sept.12, 2009
Dear Mr. Rochester,
I have read about the undergraduate English literature program of your university on the university web page, and I am very much interested in it.
I am now a student of English in China. English literature has always been my favorite, and I am especially interested in Shakespeare's plays and English poetry. I have read some of Shakespeare's famous plays like Romeo and Juliet,Hamlet, King Lear and the poetry of Byron, Shelly, and Keats.
If am admitted, I will do my best in my study. I believe the program will not only provide me with information about the great writers and your culture, but also with guidance on literary research. After graduation, I will return to China,and hopefully become a teacher in English literature.
If you need any more information about me, you are welcome to call me at 555-5555 or email me at liping@126.con.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ping
[解析] 本题考查信函的写法。英语信函包括6个部分:写信人地址、收信人地址、称谓、正文、结束语和签名。在写英语信函时应注意:(1)英、汉书写地址的排列顺序不同;(2)在私人信件中,信笺里收信人的地址常被略去;(3)在私人信件中,称呼对方的名,在商用信函中称呼对方的姓;(4)对不认识的人或不知对方身份、性别的人的称呼用语;(5)商用信函和私人信件所用的不同的结束语;(6)商用信函签名时,要在亲笔签名下用打字机打出自己的名字和身份;(7)若有随信附寄的东西,就写上“Enclosure(s)”或“Encl.”的字样,若有遗忘的事需要补写,就写上“P.S.”字样。此题要求根据下列要求写信:你要申请一所大学的一个本科英语文学研究项目,所以这是封申请函。在写信时所写内容包含:你对此项目的兴趣,你具备的资格和你的职业规划。信要写给Mr.Rochester,另外留下自己的电话和电子邮件。