Ⅰ.重写句子Revise each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.1. Learning a new language demands time. It needs patience too. (simple sentence)
Learning a new language demands/needs time and patience.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成简单句。因为前后两个句子主语相同,可将第二个句子中的宾语patience和第一个句子中的宾语time并列,作demand(谓语动词也可以用need)的宾语。
2. Bacon stepped to the front of the room. He tripped over the microphone cord. (compound sentence)
Bacon stepped to the front of the room, and he tripped over the microphone cord.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成并列句。题目中的前后两个句子具有顺承关系,故可使用并列连词and进行连接,同时保留第二个句子中的主语,这样就组合成了一个并列句。
3. Harrison's Chemical Corporation is a company. It sponsom important research. (complex sentenee)
Harrison's Chemical Corporation is a company that/which sponsors important research.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成复合句。题目中的第二个句子中it作主语,代指的是第一个句子中的company。因此可将其转换成company的定语从句;引导词使用that或which均可。
4. We looked at only two houses before buying the house of our dreams. (periodic sentence)
Before buying the house of our dreams, we looked at only two houses.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成掉尾句。掉尾句的特点是句子的主要信息放置在句子的末尾,因此本题可将介词短语before buying the house of our dreams提前至句首。
5. Pigeons adjust to farm life. They adjust to city streets. In city streets they peck their livelihoods from garage heaps. (compound-complex sentence)
Pigeons a djust to farm life, and they adjust to city streets where they peck their livelihoods from garage heaps.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成并列复合句。题目中共有三个短句,其中前两个句子在结构上一致,故可用并列连词and连接构成并列句;第三个句子是对第二个句子中city streets的修饰,故可将其转化成第二个句子的定语从句,引导词使用where。
6. She was greatly disappointed to find that the picture did not look like her. (sentence with to opener)
To find that the picture did not look like her, she was greatly disappointed.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成以动词不定式开头的句子。可直接将“to find that the picture did not look like her”部分置于句首。
7. He cut the grass. She trimmed the bushes. The children swept the clippings and put them into plastic bags. (long sentence)
While he cut the grass and she trimmed the bushes, the children swept the clippings and put them into plasticbags. //He cut the grass and she trimmed the bushes, while the children swept the clippings and put them intoplastic bags. //He cut the grass, she trimmed the bushes, and the children swept the clippings and put them intoplastic bags.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成长句。可以将前两个句子使用and连接构成并列句,而将第三个句子转化为从句,使用while连接;也可将第三个句子作为主句,而将前两个句子并列后作为从句,其前使用while(while大写)引导。
8. She stood there. She watched the fair woman walk down the long line of galleries with grace and majesty. (sentence with a modifying phrase)
She srood there, watching the fair woman walk down the long line of galleries with grace and majesty.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成含修饰性短语的句子。可以将题目中两个句子中的任何一个谓语动词转化为非谓语动词,同时保留另外一个作为句子的谓语。由于动词和主语是主动关系,故应使用现在分词形式。
9. Tom went to college. His brother James didn't. James had a very weak heart. (compound-complex sentence)
Tom went to college, but his brother James didn't because he had a very weak heart.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成并列复合句。题目的三个句子中,前两个句子形成对比,故可使用并列连词but连接,而第三个句子是对前面的事实的解释,故可使用because和前两个句子连接,这样就构成了并列复合句。
10. After losing his glasses, Tom drove down the wrong side of the street. He ran a stop sign, and went through two red lights. (sentence with parallel structure)
After losing his glasses, Tom drove down the wrong side of the street, ran a stop sign, and went through two redlights.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写成含有平行结构的句子。题目中两个句子中的谓语动词drove,ran和went是一系列连贯的动作,故可以使用并列连词and连接,构成平行结构。
Ⅱ.改写病句Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. Mr. Baker used to teach arts in Memorial High School I used to be a student there.
Mr. Baker used to teach arts in Memorial High School. I used to be a student there.//Mr. Baker used to teach arts in Memorial High School where I used to be a student.
[解析] 本题考查串句的修改。不同的句子没有使用连词而直接将它们糅合在一起就构成了串句。本题可以将“Mr.Baker…Memorial High School”和“I used to…there”两部分分开,各自成句,也可以将“I usedto…there”进行转化,作Memorial High School的定语从句。
2. My parents bought a house from a man with no inside plumbing.
My parents bought a house with no inside plumbing from a man.
[解析] 本题考查修饰语错置引起的病句。“with no inside plumbing”本是house的修饰语,故应将其前置到house之后。
3. The World Wide Web is easy to use. Loaded with links and graphics.
The World Wide Web, loaded with links and graphics, is easy to use.
[解析] 本题考查由垂悬分词短语引起的病句。题目中的“Loaded with links and graphics”不可以独立存在,它本是World Wide Web的修饰语,故可将“Loaded with links and graphics”放置在World Wide Web之后,消除垂悬结构。
4. To please the children, some fireworks were set off a day earlier.
To please tbe children, we set off some fireworks a day earlier.
[解析] 本题考查由垂悬不定式引起的病句。“To please the ctfildren”这一目的的逻辑主语应该是人,因此可为本题的句子添加适当的主语we或者they等,同时把被动形式改为主动形式。
5. The tribe emphasized collective survival, mutual aid and being responsible for one another.
The tribe emphasized collective survival,mutual aid and responsibility for one another.
[解析] 本题考查错误的平行结构。将作emphasized宾语的平行结构中的responsible改为名词形式即可。
Ⅲ.标出主题句1. Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
[A] Each of us inherits a culture made up, in part, of commonly accepted knowledge.
[B] We may also learn that eating too much candy will decay our teeth.
[C] We may learn from others that the earth revolves around the sun.
[D] These are the things that everybody knows.
Your choice: ______
A
[解析] A项具有明确的主题,即“a culture made up, in part, of commonly accepted knowledge”;B项和C项概括性差,不适合作主题句;D项没有明确所指的内容,故选A。
2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Paraphrasing, as well as quotation, is an essential skill in writing research papers. Paraphrasing is used for different purposes. Some paraphrases will be designated to support already existing evidence. Others will reinforce argumentation against evidence. Still others will help to develop existing arguments and provide back-up for any conclusion drawn in the course of writing. Depending on the function, paraphrases will be introduced in accordance with their unique context.
Paraphrasing is used for different purposes.
[解析] 主题句是一段话中最具有概括性的句子,寻找主题句也一定要以理解段落的大意为前提。主题句并不一定总是在一段的开头或者结尾,有时也可能会在其他位置出现。因此不可凭感觉、想当然地看问题。本段的第一句是说复述和引用一样,是写研究论文的一项基本技能。第二句是说复述有不同的用途。而下文的三句话则从不同方面阐述了复述的功能,即从具体方面解释了第二句话。故“Paraphrasing isused for different purposes.”一句为本段的主题句。
3. Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Most adults sleep between seven and nine hours ,but occasionally people turn up who need twelve hours or so, while some rare types can get by on three or four. Rarest of all are those legendary types who require almost no sleep at all;respected researchers have recently studied three such people. One of them-a healthy, happy woman in her seventies-sleeps about an hour every two or three days. The other two are men in early middle age, who get by on a few minutes a night. One of them complains about the daily fifteen minutes or so he' s forced to "waste" in sleeping.
[A] Sleep is a waste of time.
B] Adequate sleeping hours are essential for most adults.
[C] Adults and teenagers vary widely in their sleeping habits.
[D] A fact about sleep is that individual needs for it vary widely.
Your choice:______
D
[解析] 本段的大意为:多数成年人的睡眠时间为7-9个小时,但偶尔有些人也会需要12个小时左右的睡眠;更少的人睡3个或者4个小时就够了。更为罕见的是那些传奇人物,他们几乎不需要睡眠:知名的研究家最近研究了这样的三个人。他们其中的一人——一位70多岁、健康快乐的女士——她每2天或3天只睡大约1个小时。另外两人是中年男士,他们一晚上只需要几分钟的睡眠。他俩中的一个还抱怨他每天都被迫“浪费”15分钟左右的时间来睡觉。通读本段可知,A、B、C三项的内容在本段都没有涉及,只有D项可以概括本段的大致内容,可以作为此段的主题句,故选D。
Ⅳ.重新组合段落Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.1. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Put the corresponding letters in a proper sequence in the boxes provided below. The positions of some sentences have been given.
[A] We generally recognize that future circumstances are somehow caused or conditioned by present ones.
[B] Besides, we also learn that such patterns of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature.
[C] Thus, students learn that studying hard produces good grades in most instances, but not every time.
[D] Humans seem predisposed to undertake this task by using causal and probabilistic reasoning.
[E] Practically all people, and many other animals as well, exhibit a desire to predict their future circumstances.
[F] We learn that getting an education will affect how much money we earn later in life and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy encounter with a shark.
[G] That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are absent-but not always.
[H] Sharks, on the other hand-whether or not they reason the matter through-may learn that hanging around the reef often brings a happy encounter with unhappy swimmers.
[解析] 通读题目中的8句话可知,E项的内容最具概括性,可作为段首句。此句大意为:几乎所有的人和许多的动物都渴望预知其将来的状况。接下来F一句话通过实例对第一句话进行具体展开。由于E项一句提及了人和动物都有预知将来的渴望,而F一句提及了人的情况,因此H一句可紧跟F项,因为H一句内容提到了动物,即鲨鱼。然后依次通读B、A、D,在剩下的G、C两句中应先选择G,因为G项的内容正是对D项中“causal and probabilistic reasoning”的解释。因此,本题的正确顺序为:E、F、H、B、A、D、G、C。
Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子1. Read the following paragraph and cross out the TWO irrelevant sentences.
November and December are wonderful months for gardening in St. Petersburg, Florida. While residents of northern states are more concerned with preparations for winter, gardeners on the Sun coast of Florida can enjoy natural circumstances that enhance their efforts. Football enthusiasm in November and December can enjoy the sport throughout the country. Temperatures in Florida are warm enough to grow abundant amounts of flowers and vegetables. Flowers can be seen everywhere in the US. Plants and gardeners are relatively free from the annoying bug popu lations that present problems during the summer. If you enjoy gardening, you'll find November and December good months in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Football enthusiasts in November and Deccmber can enjoy the sport throughout the country.
Flowers can be seen everywhere in the US.
[解析] 本段的大意为:在佛罗里达州的圣彼得堡市,十一月和十二月是适宜做园艺工作的季节。当美国北部的人们忙着准备过冬时,佛罗里达州阳光海岸的园艺家们恰能享受自然美景,这种自然条件也提高了他们工作成果的质量。在十一月和十二月,全国的足球球迷们可以享受足球带来的快乐。佛罗里达州的温度适宜,适合种植大量的鲜花和蔬菜。鲜花在美国到处可见。这个时候无论是植物还是园艺家们都一般不会遭遇在夏天制造麻烦的恼人的虫害问题。如果你喜欢园艺,你会发现在佛罗里达州,十一月和十二月是从事园艺工作的好时日。由本段大意可知,“Football enthusiasts…throughout the country.”和“Flowers can be seen everywhere in the US.”与本段落主题无关,不符合段落统一性的要求,故可删除。
Ⅵ.写信1. Write a letter to apply for a position of secretary in a foreign trade company advertised in a newspaper on July 15,2010. Write to tell Mr. Heba,the manager of the company,your interest in the position,your qualifications, and your work experience. Don't forget to mention your resume and two reference letters enclosed, your phone number (555-5555 ), and your email address (liping@ 126. com)for further contact. Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150-200 words)
Oct.10, 2010
Dear Mr.Heba,
I write to apply for the position of secretary you advertised in the newspaper of July 15th, 2010.
I am a student of open university majoring in English Language and Literature. After four years of study, I am now graduating with honors this summer. I got scores of more than 80 in most of my courses and have won several prizesin provincial English speech contests.
I have also learned to operate telex and fax machines, computers, and call handle most word processing software like Microsoft Office, WPS and others. I also had the work experience as a part-time secretary in a foreign tradecompany for two years. Young and energetic, I am willing to work hard and learn.
Enclosed is a copy of my resume and two reference letters. If you have any questions, please call me at 555-5555 or send me an email at liping@126.con.
Sincerely,
Li Ping
[解析] 本题要求根据下列要求写信:你要申请一个外贸公司的秘书职位,因此这是封求职信。写信时需要涉及的内容包括:你对秘书职位的兴趣、具备的资格和你的工作经历。信要写给公司的经理,Heba先生。另外需要提醒对方附件中含有自己的简历和两封推荐信,并写明自己的电话和电子邮件,最后签署姓名。