Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you are given 20 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. The publication of a pamphlet entitled Language Teaching Must Start Afresh! written by ______ marked the beginning of the Reform Movement in FLT.
A.Wilhelm Vietor
B.Henry Sweet
C.Daniel Jones
D.Leonard Bloomfield
A B C D
A
[解析] 1882年,Wilhelm Vietor出版了一个名为Language Teaching Must Start Afresh!的手册,标志着外语语言教学的改革运动(Reform Movement)开始。
2. The ______ insists that only the target language should be used in class and meanings should be communicated directly by associating speech forms with actions, objects, mime, gestures, and situations.
6. In the year ______, English became a formal requirement for the entrance examination and began to appear in the curriculum for the 4th and 5th year of primary schools.
7. ______, the passages may be excerpted from literary works or carefully written by a compiler, including particular grammar rules and vocabulary.
A.the Grammar-Translation Method
B.the Cognitive Method
C.the Communicative Approach
D.the Oral Approach
A B C D
A
[解析] 语法翻译法的阅读练习段落一般选自文学作品,或者是专门由人撰写包含特定的语法规则和词汇。
8. The ______ teacher has three central roles, i. e. the primary source of input, a creator of a friendly atmosphere, and a organizer of rich mix of classroom activities.
12. The attitude of the Natural Approach towards students' responses and errors is ______.
A.positive
B.negative
C.neutral
D.dependable
A B C D
A
[解析] 自然法对待错误的态度是积极的,认为错误是语言习得的必然阶段。
13. The ______ of discourse means that the participants who are taking part in this exchange of meaning, who they are and what kind of relationship they have to each other.
20. ______ is considered as the father of American structuralism.
A.Franz Boas
B.Leonard Bloomfield
C.Edward Sapir
D.Noam Chomsky
A B C D
B
Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section, there are 20 statements, each of which contains a blank. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. The history of foreign language teaching can be traced back to the ancient Roman when ______ was taught as a second language.
Latin
[解析] 最早的外语教学可以追溯到古罗马,当时教学的第二语言是拉丁语(Latin)。
2. Designing ______ comprehension tasks is one of the ways to establish favorable classroom climate in the Direct Method, including map drawing, identifying pictures, following instructions, and detecting mistakes and so on.
3. In the Direct Method, the basic unit of language is the ______.
sentence
[解析] 直接法认为语言的基本单位是句子。
4. Palmer viewed that classroom language teaching should follow ______ principles of language learning, rather than focus on explanation of grammatical rules in classroom teaching.
9. Krashen considers that learning and learned rules have only one function, which is to serve as a ______ of utterances initiated by the acquired system.
monitor
[解析] Krashen认为学习(1earning)只有一个功能,即监控习得系统产生的话语。
10. The acquisition activities in the Natural Approach include affective-humanistic, problem-solving activities, games and ______ activities.
11. ______ competence refers to the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language in order to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom.
13. The Silent Way is based on the principle that successful learning involves commitment of the ______ to language acquisition through the use of silent awareness and then active trial.
self
[解析] 沉默法认为成功的学习要通过沉默意识和积极尝试使自我融入语言习得。
14. The ______ Activity Method, proposed by Wang Cairen, puts foreign language teaching in a macro-communicative framework and specifies six duality.
Dual
[解析] 双重活动教学法(DAM)是由我国著名英语教育专家王才仁提出的教学法。
15. According to the communicative view of language, the primary function of language is for ______ and communication.
19. Affective filter is the principal source ______ of differences in second language acquisition according to Krashen.
individual
[解析] Krashen认为第二语言习得中个体差异的来源主要是情感因素。
20. Hatch put forward the ______ theory in the late 1970s.
discourse
[解析] Hatch在20世纪70年代末提出话语交际说。
Ⅲ.Matching Directions: This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④, or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.
A. Theory of learning
B. FLTM
a. Structure gives meaning to parts previously incomprehensible.
① The Grammar-Translation Method
b. The mind of human beings has various faculties that can be trained separately.
② The Direct Method
c. Language and the physical world are directly associated.
③ The Oral Approach
d. Language learning in real life is for the acquisition of spoken language; language learning in the classroom is for the development of literacy.
④ The Cognitive Approach
e. Language is best learned through use in social context.
⑤ The Communicative Approach
1.
①-b
2.
②-c
3.
③-d
4.
④-a
5.
⑤-e
A. Disadvantages
B. FILM
a. students' lack of knowledge of the target language grammar
① The Direct Method
b. not concerned with appropriateness of rules for use in real discourse
② The Oral Approach
c. it simply borrows techniques from other methods
③ The Audiolingual Method
d. fossilization of learners' errors
④ The Natural Approach
e. developing language like behavior instead of competence
⑤ The Communicative Approach
6.
①-a
7.
②-b
8.
③-e
9.
④-c
10.
⑤-d
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.
1. What are the objectives of the Grammar-Translation Method in second language learning and teaching?
The objectives of learning a foreign language in a Grammar-Translation Method classroom are to enable the learners: ①to read and translate its literature; ②to understand the target language; ③to help develop their minds; ④to gain a better understanding of the first language.
2. What else is the Audiolingual Method referred to as?
The Audiolingual Method is also referred to as the aural-oral method and the mim-mem method or mimicry-method.
3. What is the basic tenet of the Cognitive Approach which is different from that of the Audiolingual Method?
The Cognitive Approach required teachers to tell the learner about the language, while the Audiolingual Method warned the teachers not to teach knowledge of language rules directly.
4. What are the teacher's roles in the Communicative Approach?
The roles of the teacher in the Communicative Approach can be the facilitator of students' learning, manager of classroom activities, advisor, and co-communicator.
5. What are the six elements necessary for non-defensive learning according to Curran, the advocate of Community Language Learning?
The six elements are security, attention, aggression, retention, reflection, and discrimination.
6. What four dimensions does communicative competence entail according to Canale and Swain?
Communicative competence entails four dimensions: grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence, and strategic competence.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Ten points are given to each question.
1. What are the disadvantages of the Cognitive Approach?
①Difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. ②Depending too much on analysis and understanding. ③No complete and systematic practical activities and procedures. ④Needing further research and development. Aiming at meaningful learning, teachers find it difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. And students who are slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding. Another weak point is there are not yet complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom use. And the rationale behind the method is still at its developmental stage. The method as a system is still not very complete and needs further research and development.
2. What are the advantages of the Natural Approach?
①The classroom consisting of acquisition activities can be an excellent environment for beginners. ②Comprehensible and meaningful practice activities are emphasized. In the Natural Approach, a focus on comprehension and meaningful communication as well as the provision of right kinds of comprehensible input provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for successful classroom second and foreign language acquisition. ③The teacher creates speeches which enable students to interact using the target language. ④Students are not forced to respond in the target language immediately. ⑤Students interact in meaningful situation at their own level. The teacher can provide a large amount of language input without forcing the students to respond in the target language immediately. In the classroom, students also have the advantage of being able to interact in meaningful situations with other students at or near their own level of competence. ⑥The teacher knows students needs and concentrates on appropriate and useful areas. Another important feature of the classroom is that the teacher is aware of the specific vocabulary needs of the students and can concentrate on appropriate and using domains.