2. Independence Hall in Philadelphia is now restored. Fifty years ago it was in bad shape. (compound sentence)
Independence Hall in Philadelphia is now restored, but fifty years ago it was in bad shape.//Fifty years' ago Independence Hall in Philadelphia was in bad shape, and it is now restored.
4. Despite its shortcomings, education remains the single best means of economic advancement. (loose construction)
Education remains the single best means of economic advancement, despite its shortcomings.//Education remains the single best means of economic advancement despite its shortcomings.
6. I want neither your sympathy nor do I want your pity. (sentence with parallel structure)
I want neither your sympathy nor your pity.//Neither do I want your sympathy nor do I want your pity.
[解析] 译文:我既不需要你的同情,也不需要你的怜悯。该题要求改为包含平行结构的句子。平行结构是指把两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来,使句子对称流畅,富有节奏感。本题中neither your sympathy nor your pity是主语想要表达的意思。它们均做主语I的宾语,地位相同,所以改时,只要将它们并列作I的宾语即可。
7. A reserved person never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing his address. (compound-complex sentence)
Because a reserved person never tells you anything about himself, you may work with him for years, but don't ever know his address.
[解析] 原句是一个包含两套主谓结构的并列句,而并列复合句至少需要三套主谓结构,这就要求我们首先要从原句中拆出一套主谓结构来,介词短语without ever knowing his address充当此任正合适。这样,原句就会变成:A reserved person never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years, but don't ever know his address.这样一个并列句。再将上句中的第一分句转化为由从属连词because引导的从句,即是并列复合句。
8. Shopkeepers usually close their stores early on December 24 to get home early for Christmas Eve. (sentence with "to Opener")
To get home early for Christmas Eve, shopkeepers usually close their stores early on December 24.
[解析] 译文:12月24号那天店主们通常早早地就关了店门回家过圣诞节。要求将该句变成以to开头的一个句子。To位于句首时,通常引出表强调的目的状语。可将to get home early for Christmas Eve提到句首即可。
9. They say a person needs just three things to be truly happy in this world. He needs someone to love. He needs something to do and something to hope for. (parallel structure)
They say a person needs just three things to be truly happy in this world. He needs someone to love, something to do, and something to hope for.
2. I returned the kitty to my mom. Which had been missing for a couple of days.
I returned the kitty, which had been missing for a couple of days, to my mom.//I returned the kitty which had been missing for a couple of days to my mom.
5. We should budget carefully. Even though our income has been greatly increasing.
Even though our income has been greatly increasing, we should budget carefully.
[解析] 本题中的Even though our income has been greatly increasing.虽然有完整的主谓结构,但Even though在句中不作任何成分,属于dependent-word fragment.改正时,让这一破句融入前半部分即可。
Ⅲ.标出主题句
1. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. A. There are some differences in the behavior of rock and classical music audiences. B. At a rock concert, the audience members yell, whistle, sing along, and even stamp their feet. C. Members of the classical music audience are so highly disciplined that they refrain from even clearing their throats or coughing. D. With rock music, the better the performance, the more active the audience will be; with classical music, the better the performance, the more still the audience will be. Answer: ______
2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. Apart from its heavy demands on time and money, campus love, though its sincerity should not be doubted, may not be able to stand the test of time. It is relatively easy to maintain a stable relationship on campus, but upon graduation when lovers are faced with different choices-further education or job, staying at home or going abroad-they begin to pursue their respective interests. As a result, lovers may go their separate ways. According to a survey conducted by Nanjing University, 13.6% of campus lovers split up within the one or two months before graduation. Also, due to college students' limited social contacts, the people they develop romantic relationships with are usually their classmates, schoolmates, or friends they get to know in intercollegiate activities. Once they enter society and meet more people, their idea of a good partner may change and they will probably find someone more suitable for themselves. Thus, campus love gradually perishes as time goes by.
Apart from its heavy demands on time and money...stand the test of time.
[解析] 识别段落的主题句一是靠位置,一般情况,应该在段首或段尾;二是靠其特点。本段中的第一句话是统领全段发展的灵魂,其他各句都是围绕其展开的。所以我们可确定其为主题句。其中campus love是subject, may not be able to stand the test of time是controlling idea.其他各句都是围绕校园爱情经不起时间考验而展开的。
3. Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. Topic Sentence: ______ The first electronic computer, ENIAC, went into operation just over fifty years ago. Compared with today's home computer, ENIAC was enormous, consisting of forty panels, each two feet wide and four feet deep. Today's PC or Macintosh, by contrast, can fit on one's desk or even lap. ENIAC had to be configured by hand, with its programmers taking up to two days to reset switches and cables. Today, the average home user can change programs in an instant. And for all its size and inconvenience, ENIAC was slow. In its time, its operating speed of 100,000 pulses per second seemed amazingly fast. However, today's home machine can operate at 1 billion pulses per second or faster. A. ENIAC came into being about 50 years ago. B. ENIAC was huge in size, and inconvenient to use. C. ENIAC differed from today's home computer greatly. D. ENIAC operated at a much slower speed compared with today's home computer.
C
[解析] 我们知道,主题句是对推展句的总结和概括,那么本题考查根据段落中的支持句来推断主题句的能力。所以,通过段落的推展句来推断主题句时,就看那一句是推展内容的概括。即:ENIAC differed from today's home computer greatly.可见,选项C应为本段的主题句。
Ⅳ.重新组合段落 Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.
1. One was a St. Bernard dog named Barry, who worked in the Alps in the early 1800's, when St. Bernards were still used to rescue people caught in snowdrifts or avalanches (雪崩). 20. Then there was Chips, the first war dog to be shipped overseas during World War Ⅱ. 21. Yet another animal hero was a canary named Bibs, the pet of an elderly woman, Tess, who lived alone in Tennessee and whose niece lived nearby. 22. Bibs died after alerting the niece. 23. Among the numerous heroes in history are animals. 24. He saved more than forty lives. 25. One night Chips pulled away from his handler and attacked a German weapons position, seizing one man and forcing the surrender of four others. 26. One day the niece heard a tapping at her window and discovered Bibs, so the niece quickly went to her aunt's house and found Tess had struck her head on something and fallen over.
Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子 Read the following paragraph and cross out the TWO irrelevant sentences.
1. City dwellers are becoming so numerous that fewer and fewer people can imagine what it is like to live near to nature, to be regulated by natural events, to be surrounded by the mysteries of the seasons and feel the pulse of time. It is far from enough to read about nature, to camp occasionally, to travel around by car. Life in the country as farmers live is as distinct as can be from life in towns and cities. Of course, everyone can see this sociologically. There are so many different ways of being entertained in a city outside office or factory hours. People entertain themselves at their homes. There are few distractions on a farm and the hours of work are as long as daylight. Still, the main differences lie somewhere else. Country life is demanding and calls for many skills. One has to be a jack-of-all-trades to cope with numerous emergencies and with the varying needs of the moment for, except on the largest farms, it is not easy to enlist the help of a specialist for each breakdown in machinery, plumbing or electricity. It is not possible to put off jobs on the land if the weather is going to change. Services of various kinds in the city still leave room for improvement.
(1) People entertain themselves at their homes. (2) Services of various kinds in the city still leave room for improvement.
1. Write a letter according to the following situation: You are going to apply for an undergraduate English literature program of a university. In the letter, tell them about your interest in the program, your qualifications and your career plan. The letter is addressed to the program director Mr. Rochester. Don't forget to tell him your phone number (555-5555) and your email address (linping@126.com). Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150~200 words)
Sept. 12, 2009
Dear Mr. Rochester, I have read about the undergraduate English literature program of your university on the university web page, and I am very much interested in it. I am now a student of English in China. English literature has always been my favorite, and I am especially interested in Shakespeare's plays and English poetry. I have read some of Shakespeare's famous plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear and the poetry of Byron, Shelly, and Keats. If I am admitted, I will do my best in my study. I believe the program will not only provide me with information about the great Writers and your culture, but also with guidance on literary research. After graduation, I will return to China, and hopefully become a teacher in English literature. If you need any more information about me, you are welcome to call me at 555-5555 or email me at liping@126.com. Sincerely yours, Li Ping
[解析] 本题要求写出一封申请信,题目本身已经给出了考生的写作内容及思路,考生一定要认真阅读,且不可随意发挥。 Useful expressions: (1) I have read about..., and I am very much interested in it. (2) I am now a student of English in China.... is my favorite, and I am interested in... (3) If I am admitted, I will.... I believe. After graduation, I will.... (4) If you need any more information about me, you are welcome to call me at...or email me at.... (5) Ending expression.