Ⅰ.CAREFUL READING Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1 He was a funny looking man with a cheerful face, good natured and a great talker. He was described by his student, the great philosopher Plato, as "the best and most just and wisest man". Yet this same man was condemned (判刑) to death for his beliefs. The man was the Greek philosopher, Socrates, and he was condemned for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to Athens from all over the civilized world to study under him. Socrates' method of teaching was to ask questions and, by pretending not to know the answers, to press his students into thinking for themselves. His teachings had unsurpassed influence on all the great Greek and Roman schools of philosophy. Yet, despite his fame and influence, Socrates himself never wrote a word. Socrates encouraged new ideas and free thinking in the young, and this was frightening to the conservative people. They wanted him silenced. Yet, many were probably surprised that he accepted death so readily. Socrates had the right to ask for a lesser penalty, and he probably could have won over enough of the people who had previously condemned him. But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that it was proper to submit to the death sentence. So he calmly accepted his fate and drank a cup of poison in the presence of his grief-stricken friends and students.
1. According to Plato's description, Socrates ______.
A.was a funny and good-tempered man
B.was the most just and intelligent man
C.had a special way to attract his students
D.had close relationships with his students
A B C D
B
[解析] 文章第一段说,He was described by his student,...Plato, as "the best and most just and wisest man". just指公正的,wise与intelligent意义相近。答案为B。
2. Socrates was condemned for all the following reasons except ______.
A.doubting the publicly recognized gods
B.corrupting the young people with his teachings
C.grouping students together to study under him
D.pressing his listeners into thinking for themselves
A B C D
D
[解析] 苏格拉底被判刑的原因在第一段最后一句,他因他的信仰而被判死刑。具体原因在第二段,...for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to...to study under him.选项D为Socrates讲课的方法及目的。答案为D。
5. Socrates readily accepted the death penalty because of ______.
A.his disregard for death
B.his disbelief in gods
C.his contempt for conservatives
D.his belief in the legal system
A B C D
D
[解析] 苏格拉底接受死刑的原因在最后一段,But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that...。答案为D。
Passage 2 When you're negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word "difficult" does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you're staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager's answer of, "That would be very difficult, sir", does not mean that he is saying "no". It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room. If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesman's comment, "I'm sorry, but we never negotiate on the price", means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the "extra" that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, "Sorry, I can't negotiate prices", then your response should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to. In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two "players" wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions, but their "messages" make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.
1. The hotel manager's answer "That would be very difficult, sir" implies ______.
A.you can change the room if you find some excuse
B.someone else has paid more for the room under discussion
C.the room is available if an extra sum of money is offered
D.someone else has booked the room in return for more money
Passage 3 No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so, they enlarged the traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation. But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable." the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne—herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation—he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force. Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds. Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just purely for the love of accomplishment."
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
2. According to the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following except ______.
A.challenging the conventional role of women
B.contributing to the science of aviation
C.winning universal recognition from men
D.building the confidence of women
A B C D
C
[解析] 推断题。“根据原文,在下列四项中,除了哪一项,女性飞行员都很成功?”C选项“赢得了男性的普遍认可”是正确答案。文章第二段第一句说But recognition of their abilities did not come easily,说明并没有赢得普遍的认可。A选项“挑战女性的传统角色”;B选项“对飞行科学作出了贡献”;D选项“为女性树立了信心”都是文中提到的女性飞行员成功的几个方面。答案为C。
3. What can be inferred from the passage about the United States Air Force in 1938?
A.It had no women pilots,
B.It gave pilots handsome salaries.
C.It had old planes that were in need of repair.
D.It could not be trusted to do an efficient job.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。“从1938年的美国空军可以推断出什么?”D选项“她们不能被给予做出有效率的工作”是正确答案。文章第二段说Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job....in the Soviet Air Force,说明女性很少被信任能够高效工作。A选项“没有女性飞行员”与原文不符;B选项“它给飞行员可观的收入”原文没有提到;C选项“它有一些需要修理的旧飞机”原文也没有提到。答案为D。
4. In their efforts to compete with men, early women pilots had difficulty in ______.
A.addressing clubs
B.flying nonstop
C.setting records
D.raising money
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。“在与男士的竞争中,早期的女飞行员在什么方面比较困难。”D选项“挣钱”是正确答案。文章第三段说such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money...。A选项“加入俱乐部”;B选项“不间断飞行”;C选项“创纪录”。答案为D。
5. According to the passage, who said that flying was done with no expectation of reward?
A.Amelia Earhart.
B.Charles Lindbergh.
C.Anne Lindbergh.
D.Ruth Law.
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。“根据原文,是谁说‘飞行并不期待着回报’这句话的?”D选项Ruth Law是正确答案。文章最后一段讲到Ruth Law说My flight was done...the love of accomplishment。答案为D。
Passage 4 In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more worldly wise. Foreign travel is a national passion, this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to "Have a nice day" has caught on all over Israel. "Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, 'Let's be nicer,'" says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. "Nothing happens without competition." Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls "the revengeful (报复的) consumer". When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service." The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless E1A1 Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has returned its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, "You can feel the change in the air." For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
1. It may be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.customer service in Israel is now improving
B.wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C.the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D.Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones
5. Why did Bezaq's international branch lose 40% of its market share?
A.Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.
B.Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.
C.Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.
D.Because it no longer received any support from the government.
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理题。文章讲述了消费者态度对公司的影响,由People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service可知,消费者不满其以前的服务,从而致使该公司失去40%的市场股份。答案为B。
Ⅱ.SPEED READING Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 5 It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up an eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computer, for example, contains devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 1,000,000 "words" ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, his is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.
1. According to the passage, memory is considered to be ______.
A.the basis for decision making and problem solving
B.an ability to store experiences for future use
C.an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。“根据本文内容,记忆被认为是什么样的?”B选项“一种为将来储存经历的能力。”文章第二段说Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use。A选项“决策制定和问题解决的基础”;C选项“通常为人类所具有的智力”;D选项“主要由单词和单词组合构成的数据”。答案为B。
2. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that ______.
A.the computer's memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager's
B.the computer's memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being's
C.the computer's memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager's
D.the computer's memory capacity is the same as any teenager's
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。“将大型计算机的储存容量与人的记忆相比,表明了什么?”C选项正确,“计算机的记忆容量小于十几岁人的记忆容量”。文中第三段说“It is interesting to...that of a human being...Consider,...can recognize on sight”。答案为C。
3. The whole passage implies that ______.
A.only human beings have problem solving intelligence
B.a person's memory is different from a computer's in every respect
C.animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D.animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。“全文暗示了什么?”A选项“只有人能通过智力解决问题”正确。文中最后一段说“The use of words...of human beings”。B选项“人的记忆与计算机的记忆在各个方面都不同”;C选项“动物只能解决非常简单的问题”;D选项“动物解决问题靠本能而不是靠智力”,这三项内容在文中都没有提到。答案为A。
4. The phrase "in terms of" in the last sentence can best be replaced by ______.
5. What will be accounted for after the last paragraph of this passage?
A.Life will also be happy even if there is no memory for people.
B.Both human beings and animals have the same memory.
C.People's memory is inferior to computers.
D.The way that people use words and combination of words to form memory.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理题。“文章最后一段之后将会继续叙述什么?”从最后一段最后一句话A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words可知,若作者继续讨论的话,那么话题也将围绕这句话进行,故答案便显而易见了。答案为D。
Passage 6 When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it at this moment in time. It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history. Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, we see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint bloodred dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100,000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star depends on its temperature; today (and for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and shorter light waves. That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel—which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a second—it will become steadily colder and redder.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A.Faint dwarf stars.
B.The evolutionary cycle of the Sun.
C.The Sun's fuel problem.
D.The dangers of invisible radiation.
A B C D
B
[解析] 主旨题。“这篇文章主要讲述什么?”B选项“太阳的变化循环”。文章第一段...that sunlight will be...the Sun's history,整篇文章围绕太阳随时间变化的一些特征论述。A选项“暗淡的小行星”;C选项“太阳的燃料问题”;D选项“不可见的放射危险”。这几项均不是文章最主要的内容。答案为B。
2. What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?
A.It appears yellow.
B.It always remains the same.
C.It has a short history.
D.It is too cold,
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。“作者认为目前太阳特别重要的一点是什么?”A选项“它显示为黄色”。文中说and this means that...band of the spectrum,可见这一项是正确答案。B选项“它总是保持不变”;C选项“它的历史较短”;D选项“它太冷了”。答案为A。
3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?
A.They are short lived.
B.They are mysterious.
C.They are frightening.
D.They are nearly invisible.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。“为什么很热的星星被称为‘鬼魂’?”D选项“因为它们几乎是不可视的”。文中说almost too hot to be seen,...in the invisible ultraviolet range,说明由于温度太高的缘故,这种放射线会不可见,所以被称为“鬼魂”。其他A选项“它们存在时间很短”;B选项“它们很神秘”;C选项“它们很吓人”。这几项与原文不符。答案为D。
4. According to the passage, which of the following descriptions are not true?
A.Through our own unaided eyes, we will find that the yellow sunlight will change its color little by little.
B.The Sun, as a star, like an individual, always ages and changes.
C.Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star doesn't depend on its temperature.
D.Now, the Sun is using its hydrogen fuel at a very rapid speed.
5. The passage indicates that the change of the Sun's yellow color is related with ______.
A.the size of the Sun
B.the Sun's age
C.the amount of the Sun's hydrogen fuel
D.B and C
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。“文章暗示,太阳黄色光线的变化与什么有关。”从最后一段It is natural...steadily colder and redder可知太阳黄色光线的变化与其年龄及氢燃料数量有关。答案为D。
第二部分 非选择题
Ⅲ.DISCOURSE CLOZE The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago. The world is very different now. 1 . And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe—the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans-born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage— 2 . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, 3 . This much we pledge and more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. 4 . Divided, there is little we can do for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far greater iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom and to remember that, 5 . To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. 6 . And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: 7 . We dare not tempt them with weakness. 8 . But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, 9 . So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. 10 . A.and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world B.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us C.Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate D.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war E.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course F.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life G.in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty H.in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside I.that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction J.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas K.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures L.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed
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F
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G
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Ⅳ.WORD FORMATIONS Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. (respect)The ______ "sir" is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.
7. (profound)It is not possible to write a page without experiencing positive pleasure at the richness and variety, the flexibility and the ______ of our mother-tongue.
Ⅴ.GAP FILLING The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. direction under hung run into come up most with intend by draw tremble come to Framton 1 slightly and turned towards the niece with a look 2 to show sympathetic understanding. The child was looking out through the open window with fear in her eyes. 3 a shock Framton turned round in his seat and looked in the same 4 . In the increasing darkness three figures were walking across the grass towards the window; they all carried guns 5 their arms, and one of them had also a white coat 6 over his shoulders. A tired brown dog kept close at their heels. Noiselessly they 7 near to the house, and then a young voice started to sing in the darkness. Framton wildly seized his hat and stick; he ran out through the front door and through the gate. He nearly 8 a man on a bicycle. "Here we are, my dear," said the bearer of the white coat, coming in through the window; "fairly muddy, but most of it is dry. Who was that who ran out as we 9 ?" "A 10 extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel," said Mrs. Sappleton, "he could only talk about his illnesses, and ran off without a word of good-bye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost."
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trembled
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intended
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direction
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under
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hung
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drew
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ran into
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came up
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Ⅵ.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Read the passage carefully and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more worldly wise. Foreign travel is a national passion, this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to "Have a nice day" has caught on all over Israel. "Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, 'Let's be nicer,'" says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. "Nothing happens without competition." Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls "the revengeful (报复的) consumer". When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service." The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless E1A1 Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has returned its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, "You can feel the change in the air." For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
1. According to the passage, what about the standards of service in America?
American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff.
2. What is the comparison between the past service and the present service of the electric company?
The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.
Ⅶ.TRANSLATION The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraph carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Next, the Constitution provides for a federal government based on the principle of the separation of powers. 1 It provides for three distinct departments of government: legislative, executive and judicial. All legislative power granted by the Constitution is given to Congress; the executive power is given to the President; and the judicial power is given to the Supreme Court and other federal courts. 2 The Constitution has many provisions intended to keep each department independent and strong. Each department has ways of exerting some control over the others. In this way no department can become all powerful. 3 The President is Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy, but all the money for supporting an army and navy must be appropriated by Congress. The Supreme Court has power to declare a law passed by Congress and approved by the President unconstitutional and without effect, but the President appoints Supreme Court justices with the consent of the Senate, and they may be removed from office by Congress if they do not behave as they should. 4 The powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution are great enough to make it strong and able to act vigorously in matters relating to the nation as a whole. Congress has the power to levy taxes, maintain an army and navy, declare war, regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations, admit new states into the Union, and to do many other things. 5 The President's powers include the making of treaties with foreign nations with the consent of the Senate. The federal courts try all cases arising under the Constitution and under federal laws and treaties. If any state constitution or state law is in conflict with the federal Constitution or with any laws or treaties made in accordance with it, the state constitution or law must give way. The United States Constitution and the laws and treaties made under it are the Supreme Law of the Land.