Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One Computers should be in the schools. They have the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, they could help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music. They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreen a version of the city in which they live—a picture that tracks real life moment by moment. In practice, however, computers make our worst educational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy, computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video. While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismiss linear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the information landscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroom software that will do a student's arithmetic or correct his spelling. Take multimedia. The idea of multimedia is to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse on screen. You don't just read Shakespeare; you watch actors performing, listen to songs, view Elizabethan buildings. What's wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books, multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes the printed page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure, books will be available in the classroom, too—but they'll have all the appeal of a dusty piano to a teen who has a Walkman handy. So what if the little nippers don't read? If they're watching Olivier instead, what do they lose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures. Besides, a book is more portable than a computer, has a higher-resolution display, can be written on and dog-eared and is comparatively dirt cheap. Hypermedia, multimedia's comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just as troubling. It's a way of presenting documents on screen without imposing a linear start-to-finish order. Disembodied paragraphs are linked by theme; after reading one about the First World War, for example, you might be able to choose another about the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the 20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in major ones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or a logical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors don't merely agglomerate paragraphs; they work hard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. To turn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactly what counts—the story.
1. Which of the following is NOT an accusation of the use of computers in teaching children by the author?______
A.It is getting worse and worse illiteracy.
B.It does not help cultivating students' ability to develop linear argument.
C.It prevents students from developing their basic skills.
5. In Para. 5, the author mentions "the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the 20s" to show ______.
A.the width of information you can find with hypermedia
B.his encyclopedical knowledge
C.the width of influence of World War Ⅰ on social life
D.the non-linear arrangement of information with hypermedia
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第五段第四句,“This is another cute idea that is good...”可知,多媒体的另一个精明的办法是把次要作为主线,而主要方面作为辅助。答案为D。
Passage Two I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)? The answer is not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many. It was a great shock to me to discover that I had motor neuron disease. I had never been very well co-coordinated physically as a child. I was not good at ball games, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers. Maybe for this reason, I didn't care much for sport or physical activities. But things seemed to change when I went to Oxford, at the age of 17. I took up coxing and rowing. I was not boat race standard, but I got by at the level of inter-college competition. In my third year at Oxford, however, I noticed that I seemed to be getting clumsier, and I fell over once or twice for no apparent reason. But it was not until I was at Cambridge, in the following year, that my father noticed, and took me to the family doctor. He referred me to a specialist, and shortly after my 21st birthday, I went into hospital for tests. I was in for two weeks, during which I had a wide variety of tests. They took a muscle sample from my arm, stuck electrodes into me, and injected some radio opaque fluid into my spine, and watched it going up and down with x-rays, as they tilted the bed. After all that, they didn't tell me what I had, except that it was not multiple sclerosis, and that I was an atypical case. I gathered, however, that they expected it to continue to get worse, and that there was nothing they could do, except give me vitamins. I could see that they didn't expect them to have much effect. I didn't feel like asking for more details, because they were obviously bad. The realization that I had an incurable disease, that was likely to kill me in a few years, was a bit of a shock. How could something like that happen to me? Why should I be cut off like this? However, while I had been in hospital, I had seen a boy I vaguely knew die of leukemia, in the bed opposite me. It had not been a pretty sight. Clearly there were people who were worse off than me. At least my condition didn't make me feel sick. Whenever I feel inclined to be sorry for myself I remember that boy. Not knowing what was going to happen to me, or how rapidly the disease would progress, I was at a loose end. The doctors told me to go back to Cambridge and carry on with the research I had just started in general relativity and cosmology. But I was not making much progress, because I didn't have much mathematical background. And, anyway, I might not live long enough to finish my Ph D. I felt somewhat of a tragic character. I took to listening to Wagner. My dreams at that time were rather disturbed. Before my condition had been diagnosed, I had been very bored with life. There had not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly after I came out of hospital, I dreamt that I was going to be executed. I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do if I were reprieved, Another dream, that I had several times, was that I would sacrifice my life to save others. After all, if I were going to die anyway, it might as well do some good. But I didn't die. In fact, although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research, and I got engaged to a girl called Jane Wilde, whom I had met just about the time my condition was diagnosed. That engagement changed my life. It gave me something to live for. But it also meant that I had to get a job if we were to get married. I therefore applied for a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. To my great surprise, I got a fellowship, and we got married a few months later.
1. Why Hawking was not so keen on sport or physical activities before he went to Oxford?______
A.He was too shy to play with his peers.
B.He had ALS disease already.
C.He didn't like competitions.
D.He was not good at ball games.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第二段第三句,“I was not good at ball games, ...”可知,我不擅长球类运动。也许是这个原因,我不大喜欢运动和体育活动。答案为D。
2. What happened to Hawking's health in his third year at Oxford? ______
A.Getting dizzy and faint a lot every time he was in his lab.
B.Getting clumsier, and falling over once or twice for no apparent reason.
C.Getting more pains while walking or running on the campus.
D.Getting absent-minded when he was writing his research papers.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章第三段第一句,“In my third year...”可知,我在牛津大学的第三年,我发现我似乎变得越来越笨拙,我一次次由于不知名的原因跌倒。答案为B。
3. After the tests, the doctors could do nothing for Hawking's disease except giving him ______ though the doctors themselves didn't expect them to have much effect.
A.vitamins
B.encouragements
C.more tests
D.warnings
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第三段倒数第三句,“..., except give me vitamins.”可知,答案为A。
4. The boy who died of leukemia made Hawking realize that ______.
A.his health may be improved if the doctors tried hard enough
B.death is fatal and uncontrollable to all human beings
C.there were people who were even worse off than him
D.one will die no matter how strong-minded he is
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第四段第四、五、六句,“However, while I had been...”可知,我在医院时,亲眼看见过对面床上那个我不太认识的男孩死于白血病.有些病人远比我更严重。答案为C。
5. Shortly after he came out of hospital, Hawking suddenly realized that ______.
A.he should finish his PhD studies on cosmology
B.he should get married and have kids of his own
C.there were a lot of friends he should visit
D.there were lots of worthwhile things he could do
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章最后一段第四、五句,“But shortly after I came out of hospital...”可知,在我出院后不久,我梦想过我即将被处死。突然间我意识到如果我被缓刑就有许多值得做的事情。答案为D。
Passage Three American Sports represent a fabric of American culture. Sports act as a unifying factor between people of all ages. Of all the sports that America has to offer, baseball is considered the pastime of this country. Americans did not always regard baseball and other sports in such a benign manner. Rather, sports during the early colonial times were seen as pagan and devilish things to do. Many elite and wealthy gentry who embodied the Victorian ideals regarded any type of games or sports as ill vices. It was the common people who directly related sports to their religion. On days of religious celebration, early Americans joined together to play games. These folk games were unstructured and unruly; however, the unity that these games brought, created a need for professional sporting games. Folk games provided the foundation of sports. They created a sense of companionship and unison among individuals. These unorganized folk games created the threshold for organized sports and led to the transformation of the players' roles and the role of the audience, Amateurs became professional athletes, and the game an organized business. The game of baseball evolved from the English game of cricket and rounders. It was not until the time of the Civil War that baseball began to be played frequently. However with the transformation of the nation, Society and technology, folk games too began to evolve into spectator sports. After the Civil War, baseball became a popular sport and no longer an archaic folk game. Structure and organization were introduced gradually into the game and increased public participation. The sport at first excluded the public, but as economic interests infiltrated the game, the need for audiences and spectators arose. The audience of baseball was instrumental in the transformation of baseball. The battling leagues and team rivalries created a sector for the American public to participate in baseball. The process of the transformation of American folk games into spectator games was due to capitalism, evolution of American society, urban settings, level of player performance, technological advances and the addition of structure and organization to the games; thus, transforming the sport of baseball into a monopolized and professional business. Organized Baseball and the Commission have propagated the myth that General Abner Double-day invented the game of baseball. This was an attempt to make baseball an American game. The Commission wanted to distinguish baseball as a truly American game that originated in Cooperstown, New York. This was a publicity stunt in order to create a sense of nationalism around the game in order to make the fans believe that this was their game and it belonged to no other country. It was an attempt to popularize baseball to the highest degree. The legend states that Abner Doubleday at Cooperstown invented baseball in 1839. This myth was generated in 1907 by the Commission of Baseball when Albert Spalding hired his friend, Abraham Mills, to form a commission to investigate the origins of the game. These men gathered information from some of the oldest players known to have played the game. Spalding recognized the appeal of patriotism and the dynamics of myth making. Historical myths and legends play a large role in forming national identity and patriotic pride. This myth enabled baseball to break all traces and origins of the game from England. This was in fact a farce. Scholars and historians both disprove this myth and trace baseball's origins to old English games of rounders and criquet. In 1939, Baseball celebrated its one hundredth birthday and created the Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, New York. In the same year, the United States government created a commemorative stamp, which made 1839 the official birth day of baseball. This enabled Baseball to establish itself as a strange American religion in which people could return to the birthplace of the game to celebrate and remember it. Although this myth was pure falicy, the intent of the myth did enable baseball to distinguish itself as purely American and contributed to the sport becoming America's National Pastime.
1. Today baseball in the United States is regarded as ______.
A.a pastime of the nation
B.a benign sport
C.a folk game
D.a pagan game
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第一段第三句,“..., baseball is considered the pastime of this country.”可知,答案为A。
2. The obstacle to the early development of games is ______.
A.the Puritan and Victorian ideals
B.the popularity of rivalries
C.the absence of structure and organization
D.the commercialization of the game
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第一段第六句,“Many elite and wealthy...”可知,许多代表维多利亚时代理想的精英和富有的上层人士把任何体育运动都看作堕落行为。答案为A。
3. Baseball has been transformed from a folk game into a ______.
A.spectator one
B.urban one
C.rounders
D.threshold
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第二段第一句,“...folk games too began to evolve into spectator sports.”可知,随着国家变革,社会发展和科技进步,民间游戏也开始演化成了有观众参与的比赛。答案为A。
4. The myth created by Organized Baseball and the Commission intended to ______.
5. The popularization of baseball involved the following names EXCEPT ______.
A.Abner Doubleday
B.Abraham Mills
C.Abert Spalding
D.Abert Cooper
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第四段第三、四句,“The legend states that Abner Doubleday...”可知,答案为D。
Passage Four I'm the Customer. I have lots of money and I'm going to spend it. Take care of me and I'll take care of you. I'll encourage my friends to come to see you. I'll come back when I need more of what you sell. All you've got to do is to satisfy me. Do you think I'm demanding too much? Hey, all I want is people to: ·Greet me and make me feel comfortable. ·Value me and let me know they think I'm important. ·Ask how they can help me. ·Listen to me and understand my needs. ·Help me get what I want or solve my problem. ·Invite me back and let me know I'm welcome anytime. Most of us form quick first impressions. We often decide whether we like people, want to do business with them, in the first few seconds, whether in face-to-face contact or over the telephone. Someone once told me people form 11 impressions of us in the first seven seconds of contact. Not long ago, I needed new business telephone lines and numbers. I called and was greeted by one of the friendliest voices I'd ever heard. Immediately, I felt comfortable. The person thanked me and put me completely at ease. Her greeting was most effective. Yours can be, too. All you have to do is to be aware of the importance of greeting people and then learn some simple techniques. Thank customers for coming in, contacting you, or seeing you. This is not what a new receptionist did the last time I went into the dental office. I walked in and stood at the counter for at least a minute. She knew I was there, but she didn't acknowledge me. Finally she looked up, showed no reaction—no smile, no warmth—and said, "Sign in" Her inattentiveness left me feeling less than thrilled about being there. Tune the world out then in. Another technique is to tune the world out and customers in. How often do you talk to yourself when you should be focusing on your customers? It's easy to do this and it can be damaging to customer relations. "Let Me Know I'm Important!" Good customer service isn't just painting a smile on your face and performing certain actions. People quickly see through thinly veiled attempts at niceness. Think: "You're the customer—you pay my salary!" "There's something about you I like!" "You make my job possible!" Once you have these values, you will see your job differently. Most people who work with people don't really know what business they're in. Most think they're in business to deliver products or services. They don't know they're in business to give benefits to people. Many in retailing, telemarketing, medical offices, or other places where people spend money, don't know how to identify the real needs customers have. How do you go about identifying people's needs? First, understand people's needs aren't for the product or service, but for what that will do for them. Customers don't buy cars to have a vehicle to drive. They do it so they can keep up with the Joneses, get good gas mileage, or save money. A most important part of your contact with customers will be to find out what their needs are—the payoff they want from what you sell. Ask "How may I help you?" and clichés such as "May I help you?" aren't as complete. One calls for a quick turn-off response; the other calls for an explanation. Find out why they came in or contacted you. When you know why, you can better understand their individual needs. Ask open-ended questions. These call explanations because they contain the words who, what, where, why, when and how. Not only will these questions help you understand a person's needs, you'll also strengthen rapport by showing concern and listening.
1. A man in customer service should first ______.
A.ask what a customer wants to buy
B.listen to a customer and understand what he needs
C.greet a customer
D.paint a smile on his face
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第一段我要求人们的第一条,“Greet me and make me feel comfortable.”可知,答案为C。
2. "How often do you talk to yourself when you should be focusing on you customers?" The underlined phrase means ______.
4. If you want to understand the individual needs of your customers, you should ______.
A.ask "May I help you?"
B.find out why they came in and contacted you
C.give them warm greetings
D.give them the most pleasant smiles
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章最后一段第一句,“A most important part of your contact...”和第四句,“Find out why they came in or contacted you.”可知,你与顾客接触的一个极重要方面就是要搞清楚他们的需要是什么……,搞清楚他们光临或联系的原因。答案为B。
5. Open-ended questions are the ones which need ______.
Passage Five About three hundred years ago, there were approximately half a billion people in the world. In the two centuries that followed the population doubled, and, by 1850, there were more than a billion people in the world. It took only 75 years for the figure to double once more, so that now the population figure stands at approximately six and one half billion. Each day the population of the world increases by about 150,000. In former centuries the population grew slowly. Famines, wars, and epidemics, such as the plague and cholera, killed many people. Today, although the birth rate has not changed significantly, the death rate has been lowered considerably by various kinds of progress. Machinery has made it possible to produce more and more food in vast areas, such as the plains of America and Russia. Crops have increased almost everywhere and people are growing more and more food. New forms of food preservation have also been developed so that food need not be eaten as soon as it has grown. Meat, fish, fruit and vegetables can be dried, tinned or frozen, then stored for later use. Improvement in communications and transportation has made it possible to send more food from the place where it is produced to other places where it is needed. This has helped reduced the number of famines. Generally speaking, people live in conditions of greater security. Practices such as the slave trade, which caused many useless deaths, have been stopped. Progress in medicine and hygiene has made it possible for people to live longer. People in Europe and North America live, on the average, twice as long as they did a hundred years ago. In other countries, too, people generally live much longer than they once did. Babies, especially, have a far better chance of growing up because of increased protection against infant disease. However, all countries do not benefit to the same degree from this program in medicine and hygiene. In Europe and North America, the growing population has had the advantage of greater quantities of natural resources and food. However, in some places, such as the monsoon countries of Asia, the birth rate has always been very high. Now, with better hygienic conditions and better medical care, fewer babies die; but the birth rate has not changed. This means that the population is growing very rapidly and that there is not enough food for everyone. Half the world's people live in Asia, but most of them are concentrated in the coastal regions and on the islands. The same type of populace concentration is true of other continents, although they are often far less populated. There are still vast regions of the larger continents, mountainous areas, deserts, the far north, and tropical jungles.
1. The population of the world is now approximately ______.
A.2,500,000,000
B.3,000,000,000
C.3,500,000,000
D.6,500,000,000
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第一段倒数第二句,“...now the population figure...”可知,现在人口的数目大约是65亿。答案为D。
2. Population has increased rapidly in the last 75 years because ______.
Ⅱ.Vocabulary Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which hove roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet. Of all the sports that America has to offer, baseball is considered the pastime of this country. Americans did not always regard baseball and other sports in such a benign manner. Rather, sports during the early colonial times were seen as pagan and devilish thing to do. Many elite and wealthy gentry who embodied the Victorian ideals regarded any type of games or sports as ill vices. It was the common people who directly related sports to their religion. On days of religious celebration, early Americans joined together to play games. These folk games were unstructured and unruly; however, the unity that these games brought, created a need for professional sporting games. Folk games provided the foundation of sports. They created a sense of companionship and unison among individuals. These unorganized folk games created the threshold for organized sports and led to the transformation of the players' roles and the role of the audience. Amateurs became professional athletes, and the game an organized business. The game of baseball evolved from the English game of cricket and rounders. It was not until the time of the Civil War that baseball began to be played frequently. However with the transformation of the nation, society and technology, folk games too began to evolve into spectator sports. After the Civil War, baseball became a popular sport and no longer an archaic folk games. Structure and organization were introduced gradually into the game and increased public participation. The sport at first excluded the public, but as economic interests infiltrated the game, the need for audiences and spectators arose. The audience of baseball was instrumental in the transformation of baseball. The battling leagues and team rivalries created a sector for the American public to participate in baseball.
1. something that you enjoy doing when not working (Para.1)
pastime
[解析] 该短语指在不上班时喜欢做的事情。文中pastime闲暇、娱乐。答案为pastime。
2. favorable or pleasant (Para. 1)
benign
[解析] 该词指有利的、赞成的。文中benign指良好的。答案为benign。
3. the leaders and professionals in the highest levels of a society (Para. 1)
9. competition or fighting between people (Para. 2)
rivalry
[解析] 该短语指两人之间的竞争或决斗。文中rivalry指竞争。答案为rivalry。
10. to get involved in an activity (Para. 2)
participate
[解析] 该短语指参加活动。文中participate指参加。答案为participate。
Ⅲ.Summarization Directions:In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.
1. Besides the academic degree, teachers should also be interested in teaching. It was necessary not only that teachers should be knowledgeable in their major fields, but also that they should be skillful. In addition, the teacher must have proficiency in the target language that includes four skills: understanding, speaking, reading and writing. It is really d______ to be a teacher.
2. In the city of Corinth there once lived a wonderful singer whose name was Arlion. No other person could play on the lyre or sing so sweetly as he, and the songs which he composed were famous in many lands. The brief introduction of a m______.
musician
[解析] 本段落的主旨是对音乐家Arion的简要介绍。答案为musician。
3. You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. S______ work by means of induction and deduction.
Scientists
[解析] 本段落的主旨是科学家通过归纳和演绎来进行工作。答案为Scientists。
4. Change is the most changeless thing in the universe. We need to accept all changes—welcome or unwelcome—with the understanding that nothing comes to stay, but only to pass. As two things can never occupy the same space at the same time, one change makes way for the next. C______ is inevitable.
5. The sport of baseball has migrated to other nations like Mexico, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Japan, and Korea. The popularity has dwindled in the United States due to other social distractions, but the game has been absorbed by other cultures, demonstrating the attractiveness of the sport and the importance of the fans. P______ of baseball outside the United States.
Popularity
[解析] 本段落的主旨是棒球在美国以外的其他地方也很受欢迎。答案为Popularity。
6. Experts say that moods are emotions that tend to become fixed, influencing one's outlook for hours, days or even weeks. Perhaps the best way to deal with bad moods is to talk them out. So next time you feel out of sorts, don't head for the drugstore—try the way above-mentioned. How to d______ with a bad mood.
7. Schedule time for both work and recreation. Play can be just as important to your well-being as work; you need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Make time for f______.
fun
[解析] 本段落的主旨是我们在工作之余要寻找时间来放松。答案为fun。
8. New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. Finding new sources of energy will need t______.
time
[解析] 本段落的主旨是发现新的能源需要一定的时间。答案为time。
9. Traditionally, large numbers of existing substances get tested until one is found that will produce a desired effect. Since disease involves the action of proteins, scientists are hoping to bioengineer drugs with specific molecular structures, tailoring them either to promote or inhibit the effect of proteins in the body. An e______ for new drugs against diseases.
experiment
[解析] 本段落的主旨是新药在治疗疾病方面的试验。答案为experiment。
10. Yale University comprises three major academic components: Yale College (the undergraduate program), the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and ten professional schools. In addition, Yale encompasses a wide array of research organizations, libraries and museums, and administrative and support offices. Approximately 11, 250 students attend Yale. Brief i______ about Yale University.
introduction
[解析] 本段落的主旨是对于耶鲁大学的简要介绍。答案为introduction。
Ⅳ.Translation Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet. Social anxiety is the single most common psychological problem. 1 How can you avoid being nervous when you meet people? Prepare. Preparation for any communicating situation is a must. You've been invited to a big dinner party in two weeks. You know that one of the other guests is a politician. Scan the newspapers and magazines; listen to newscasts for topics of conversation in political areas. Then at the party, pretend you're an interviewer on talk show. Think of questions to ask that can't be answered yes or no. "In your opinion, who..." "What do you think of..." Keep the momentum going. Whether you're delivering a speech, approaching your boss for a raise or an important social occasion, do your homework. 2 The most polished, smoothly delivered, spontaneous-sounding talks are the result of many hours of work. The memorable one-liners and moving phrases that go down in history don't come from last-minute bursts of inspiration. Prepare yourself as well as your material, giving special attention to your voice. A shrill, nasal tone strikes your listener like chalk screeching on a blackboard. By putting energy and resonance into your voice, you will have a positive effect. If your voice is timid or quivers with nervousness, you sense it, the audience hears it, and you see discomfort in their eyes. With energy and enthusiasm in your voice, the listeners say ahhh, tell me more. You read approval. Like your voice, your appearance is a communication tool. For example, if you are animated, you are most likely to see animated listeners. You give the audience the message: I'm glad I'm here; I'm glad you're here. Your approach can, in fact, be a powerful weapon for deflecting hostility—from an audience, an interviewer, an employer. A benevolent aspect says I understand and conveys good will and positive expectations. It works. However, don't ever assume that an audience, an interviewer, your boss will be sympathetic. Always be prepared for a grilling. 3 Think beforehand of the ten toughest questions you could get and be ready with your answers. And remember, when you're asked a hostile question, never show hostility to your questioner. If you do, you lose. The way you listen gives messages about you too. Listen with interest, focusing your eyes on the speaker. If he or she is sitting next toward the person, angle your body slightly in the chair so that you're turned toward the person. Animate your face with approval. It says, I'm with you, I'm interested in what you're saying. 4 Once you're prepared for a situation, you're 50 per cent of the way toward overcoming nervousness. The other 50 per cent is the physical and mental control of nervousness: adjusting your attitude so you have confidence, and control of yourself and your audience. You can also adjust your attitude to prevent nervousness. What you say to yourself sends a message to your audience. If you tell yourself you're afraid, that's the message your listener receives. So select the attitude you want to communicate. 5 Attitude adjusting is your mental suit of armor against nervousness. If you entertain only positive thoughts, you will be giving out these vibes: joy and ease, enthusiasm, sincerity and concern, and authority. You have the power within you to become a forceful, persuasive and confident communicator. With these techniques, you will be able to ask for a raise, make a sale, deal with a family crisis, feel comfortable in social and business situations. Master the simple principles set out here and you will never be nervous again.
1.
当你与别人相遇时,如何避免胆怯呢?准备。为一切交际场合做好准备是非常必要的。
[解析] ①“…when you meet people?”为when引导的时间状语从句,意为“当你与别人相遇时……”②avoid:避免,其后接名词或动名词。③prepare:准备。单独成句,加强语气。④a must:此处的“must”为名词表示“必须做的事”。但此句中的“a must”翻译时转换成了形容词,即由名词转为形容词。译为“非常必要的”。
2.
语言最优美、表达最流畅、声音最自然而优雅的讲话是长期日积月累努力的结果。
[解析] 此句看似简短,但并不简单。①“talks”前用了三个形容词并列作定语,但要注意后两个定语前省略了“the most”。②“...the result of many hours of work”译为“长期日积月累努力的结果。”
[解析] ①tough:坚韧的,不易受伤的,凶恶的,严厉的,困难的。②第一句为省略关系词“that”的定语从句,先行词为“ten toughest questions”,可知“toughest”在此指“最困难的或最棘手的”。③“..., never show hostility to your questioner.”中省略了主语“you”和助动词“should”。④“If you do, you lose.”此句中的“do”指“show hostility”。英语中为了避免重复动词,常用do来代替。
[解析] ①注意“against.”作介词,表“反对,逆”。②entertain此处指“心理或感情上怀有(想法、希望、感觉等)”,还有招待,使某人快乐,愿意考虑(某事)等之意。give out:本意为“用完;出故障;散发”,此处指“表现出……”。vibes:情绪、气氛、氛围。③注意if引导的条件状语从句,如果主句用将来时态,则从句用一般现在时表将来。④注意joy and ease,enthusiasm,sincerity and concern,and authority的译法和意思。加强词汇积累。