Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One People take to alcohol for one reason or another. But what are the effects of it? It is well-known that alcohol makes people fat and leads to heart and breathing problems which fatness makes worse. It can interfere with normal eating patterns and cause painful stomach disorders. But the part of tile body which is in most danger from alcohol is the liver. Too much drinking can lead to diseases like hepatitis (肝炎) and cirrhosis (肝硬化) of the liver which, in turn, lead to death. But it isn't just the physical working of the body which is affected; the mental function is also damaged. In the short term, this usually involves loss of memory. The long-term consequences involve more serious brain damage. Then there are the psychological problems, those which arise from what is happening in the mind. Alcohol can change an individual's personality. We have seen how, without alcohol, the alcoholic (饮酒过度的人) becomes more nervous, more worded about his problems which may appear much more important than they actually are. His moods may change rapidly and violently. He often feels guilty and sorry for what he has done, but because he has lost control of himself, he continues to behave in a harmful way. In the end, he is unable to cope with even the simplest of his daily responsibilities which, of course, leads to all kinds of social problems. Often the ones who suffer most in such circumstances are not those who have the alcohol problem, but those closest to them—husband, wives and children. They are the family which may be very loving and sympathetic; the stress of having to cope with strain is too much and leads to the break-up of marriages or the abuse of children, which create further psychological and social pressures. The drinker suffers, too, as he watches his normal world fall down around him.
1. It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ______.
A.every person drinks alcohol for many reasons
B.the death of the alcoholic is mostly caused by drinking
C.alcohol not only causes heart and breathing problems but makes fatness worse
D.taking to alcohol does damage to people both physically and mentally
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第一段倒数第三句,“But it isn't just the physical...”可知,答案为D。
2. Which of the following statements is correct?______
A.Alcohol always causes stomach problems.
B.Alcohol can't influence people's normal eating patterns.
C.All liver problems arise by drinking alcohol.
D.Painful stomach disorders are sometimes caused by alcohol.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题可采用排除法。根据文章第一段第五句,“But the part of...is the liver.”可知,选项A错误;但是也并不是所有的肝脏问题都是由喝酒引起的,故选项C错误;而选项B,由于喝酒能引起肥胖,而肥胖又会影响人们正常的饮食习惯,故选项B错误。答案为D。
3. The word "them" (Line 2, Para. 3) refers to ______.
A.husbands, wives and children
B.the ones
C.those who have the alcohol problem
D.such circumstances
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第三段第一句,“Often the ones...”可知,“them”指代前面提到的“those who have the alcohol problem”。答案为C。
4. The sentence "as he watches his normal world fall down around him"(Line 5, Para. 3) means ______.
A.he realizes that his life is collapsing but cannot do anything about them
B.he is aware of the problems in his life but is unable to do anything about them
C.he is far removed from his place in the normal world, which is from distance
D.the drinker gets ill and many people come around him
Passage Two Except for the Indians, the earliest backpackers in America were frontiersmen, who roamed the wilderness looking either for necessities such as food and water or for sources of wealth such as fur and gold. For them backpacking was a way of survival or a means of achieving what one day would be called the "American Dream". Today, however, many people enjoy backpacking as a recreational activity. Shouldering a pack and leaving behind the world of telephone, television, and traffic promise an exciting experience. Testing one's stamina (耐力) and skills is challenging, and recapturing a sense of one'splace in the natural world can be rewarding. Moreover, backpacking is an activity that can last any length for time and can be enjoyed alone or with friends. Then too, a backpacking trip may be organized within a day or two. The backpacker and his friends have only to decide on their destination and then organize the all-important kit, whose contents they must depend on throughout their trip. A map, compass, a flashlight, along with first aid equipment, food, and extra clothing can be rounded up without much difficulty. Once the backpackers have left word about where they go in a note on the refrigerator door or in a message on an answering machine, they can look forward to an adventure that will lift the spirit and nourish the soul. Their outing will enable them to return in a short time to the age of technology with the courage and independence of Natty Bumppo, who did indeed belong to the age of the frontier.
1. The earliest backpackers were ______.
A.native Americans
B.Indians
C.fur traders
D.gold miners
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章第一段第一句,“Except for the Indians...”可知,答案为B。
2. Early backpackers who roamed about in wilderness wanted to ______.
A.find the American dream
B.find a recreation in life
C.relieve the stress of everyday life
D.find daily necessities
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第一段第一句,“...looking either for necessities...”可知,答案为D。
3. One of the advantages of backpacking is that ______.
A.it can help people to know the nature better
B.it is a group activity and can cure a person's loneliness
C.it is not so challenging as other activities
D.it does not require people to decide on a destination
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第二段第三句,“..., and recapturing a sense of...”可知,徒步旅行可以使人们更好地体验大自然。答案为A。
4. What does the word "whose" (Line 7, Para. 2) refer to?______
A.The backpacker's.
B.His friends'.
C.The kit's.
D.The backpacker's and his friends'.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是语义题。根据文章第二段第七行,“...organize the all-important kit, whose contents...”可知,whose指代前面的kit's,whose contents意为装备的内容。答案为C。
5. The passage mainly discusses ______.
A.the early backpackers
B.backpacking as a perfect form of recreation
C.how backpacking started
D.why people of today are interested in backpacking
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是归纳题。整篇文章叙述了徒步旅行的种种好处。答案为D。
Passage Three There are two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises. In the small enterprise you operate primarily through personal contacts. In the large enterprise you have established "policies", "channels" of organization, and fairly rigid procedures. In the small enterprise you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away, once you are a little above the ground floor. In the large enterprise even the man at the top is only a tiny part in a big machine. To be sure, his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote, indirect, and difficult to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-sized business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expected to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a jack-of-all-trades and master of none. In the large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less. There is another important thing to consider: do you derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization-General Motors, the Bell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more important to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pond? There is basic difference between the satisfaction that comes from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one that comes from being a member of a family; between impersonal greatness and personal—often much too personal—intimacy; between life in a small office on the top floor of a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.
1. In a small enterprise ______.
A.one gets more help from others in doing things than one in a big enterprise
B.one usually has more chances of doing different things mostly single-handed
C.all the people work secretly
D.one can easily get his pay increased
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章第一段第二、四、五句可知,答案为B。
2. In a large enterprise ______.
A.one's effectiveness is felt slowly
B.one becomes famous easily
C.the relationships between people are more complicated
D.all the people are in high spirits in working
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第一段第六、七句,“In the large enterprise...”可知,答案为A。
3. The expression "a jack-of-all-trades and master of none" (Line 11, Para. 1) probably means ______.
A.a person who is expert at everything
B.a person who knows nothing about business
C.a person who is competent of doing business
D.a person who can do many different kinds of work but not necessarily well
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是语义题。根据文章第一段最后三句,“In the large organization...”可知,在大公司里面,你专注于一件事情,而在小公司里面你可能需要做好多事情,而最终却没有一件做得好的。由此可知,a jack-of-all-trades的意思是博而不精的人。答案为D。
4. What does the author mean by saying "once you are a little above the ground floor (Line 5, Para. 1)"?______
A.Once you stand up on the first floor.
B.Once you are a little taller than others.
C.Once you make some achievements.
D.You keep a little high above the ground only one time.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第一段第五句,“You can see the effect of...”可知,答案为C。
5. The second paragraph mainly discusses ______.
A.a sense of satisfaction one wants to get from his work
B.two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises
C.how one becomes a member of a famous organization
D.what family life is
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第二段第一句,“There is another important thing to consider...”可知,答案为A。
Passage Four Packaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents for them. Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product. The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has "Economy Size" printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit. The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.
1. Which of the following statements could best summarize the main idea of the passage?______
A.Children are interested in some packages of products.
B.Package is one of the important ways of advertising.
C.People prefer to buy the products in plain containers.
D.The size of a package usually motivates a buyer.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是观点题。根据文章第一段第一句,“Packaging is an important form of advertising.”可知,整篇文章都是围绕此话题展开论述的。答案为B。
2. The phrase "a buyer will get something for nothing" (Line 1, Para. 2) probably means ______.
A.a buyer will get something free of charge
B.a buyer will get something useless
C.a buyer will get something useful
D.nothing is worth buying
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第二段可知,get something for nothing的意思是免费获得(某物)。答案为A。
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?______
A.Sometimes people are easily motivated by packages.
B.Small children sometimes are more interested in games printed on a package than the product itself.
C.A product in a reusable container must be cheaper than a similar product in a plain container.
D."Economy Size" doesn't always suggest that people can buy the most product for the least money.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第二段最后两句,“Although a similar product in a plain...”可知,答案为C。
4. What does the word "them" (Line 5, Para. 1) refer to?______
A.Small gifts.
B.Pictures.
C.Games.
D.Products.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第一段最后一句,“Pictures for children to color...”可知,them指代前面的products。答案为D。
5. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?______
A.Package is just an advertisement.
B.Buyers shouldn't believe the information on the package too much.
C.The package has nothing to do at all with the product.
D.Buyers can always find answers in the information on the package.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章最后一段可知,我们不要太轻信于外包装上的信息,答案为B。
Passage Five Sometimes teens need to have some time away from their families. They may want to move out of the family home for a while. Many parents will say no to this demand. But experts say it might be a good idea to let your teens live with a friend or relative. "It was the break I needed at the time," said Richard Lerner. He is talking about the time he spent living with his grandmother when he was 15. "It allowed me to be a different person than I was with my parents." Lerner said. He now heads the Institute for Children, Youth and Families at Michigan State University. Experts say teens living away from their families can test new ways of thinking and getting along with people. They may see new solutions to problems. This is different from running away, the experts stress. Runaways are often fleeing serious problems. Some teens who want some time away from family attend a structured summer program. Others live for a while with a relative or with the family of a friend. If there is conflict at home, having a teen live elsewhere can benefit other family members. It gives everyone space redevelop better relationships. Joseph Kett teaches history at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. He says living at home until the late teen years has become the norm only in recent times. "In the 17th century, children were often sent to live in other people's homes when they were about 10 or 11." he said. Peter Sheras teaches education at the University of Virginia. He said parents should listen when a child wants to move out. They should try to find out why the child wants some time away. Often, parents can help the child find a safe place to stay during that time. In other cases, they can meet the child's needs at home.
1. According to this passage, many parents think it ______ for their children to live away from them.
A.right
B.happy
C.unsafe
D.reasonable
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第二段第一句,“Many parents will say no to this demand.”可知,很多家长并不希望自己的孩子搬出去住。答案为C。
2. When children seriously disagree with their parents, experts suggest that parents should ______.
A.punish them
B.let them live away from their families
C.send for a teacher
D.keep them in the house
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章第八段,“If there is...”可知,答案为B。
3. The underlined word "structured" means ______.
A.built
B.stuck
C.organized
D.drunk
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是细节题。structured意为有组织的、有计划的。答案为C。
4. In history, ______.
A.teens never left their families
B.teens often left their parents
C.teens never went to school
D.teens never make friends with each other
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章倒数第三段,“In the 17th century...”可知,答案为B。
5. Nowadays living away and running away from home ______.
A.never happen
B.often worry parents and teachers
C.are very popular
D.are accepted by people
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题可采用排除法。A、D显然错误;根据文章倒数第三、四段可知,选项C错误。答案为B。
PART TWO
Ⅱ.Vocabulary Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet. Animals perform many useful and entertaining jobs. Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind, protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting down criminals. Horses are used in guarding herds; carrying men in lands where there are no roads, and helping farmers work their land. Pigeons have long been used to carry messages. Wild animals from the jungles, forests and seas are very popular performers in circuses and movies. People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things. Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are very far away and the trip is hard of dangerous. Men utilize this homing instinct to send messages on small pieces of paper that are fastened to the pigeon's back or legs. In wartime, pigeons have been known to fly as fast as 75 miles an hour and to cover distances of 500 to 600 miles. These homing pigeons begin their training when they are about four weeks old. After a few weeks they can begin flying and carrying messages. If all goes well, their flying career lasts about four years.
Ⅲ.Summarization Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.
1. When Tom felt out of sorts, he would rave and stamp, or sink into suicidal gloom and talk darkly of going to the East to end his days as Buddhist monk. Ten minutes later, when something pleased him, he would rush out of doors and run around the garden, or jump up and down on the sofa. Tom had some emotional p______.
2. Yale embarked on a steady expansion, establishing the Medical Institution (1810), Divinity School (1822), Law School (1843), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the School of Fine Arts (1869), and School of Music (1894). In 1887 Yale College became Yale University. It continued to add to its academic offerings with the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (1900), School of Nursing (1923), School of Drama (1955), School of Architecture (1972), and School of Management (1974). The e______ of Yale.
expansion
[解析] 本段落的主旨是耶鲁的扩建。答案为expansion。
3. Every culture has specific rules of courtesy and certain words for special situation. What are considered polite manners in one culture might he terribly rude in another. Using language p______ within its culture.
4. High salaries in the electricity, telecommunications and other monopoly industries have drawn strong criticism in China, where the Gini coefficient, now stands at 0.46, exceeding the internationally recognized alarm level of 0.45. So China is considering cutting wages in monopoly industries to reduce the country's widening income gap. A draft directive document has been worked out for this purpose. The need to n______ the income gap.
5. Living in the city, people can participate in the political and cultural activities and see the latest films. There are good schools for children to study in the city. And there are big department stores for residents to buy a great variety of goods produced in every part of the world. It's good to L______ in the city.
live
[解析] 本段落的主旨是住在城市比较好。因为城市里有好的学校、大的超市,比较便利。答案为live。
6. His audience is surprised to hear that only 22 percent of eighth graders read for fun daily, while 65 percent watch three hours or more of television each day. Research also indicates that average reading proficiency drops when TV viewing reaches about three hours a day. Their parents' habits are no better: a recent survey shows a decline in newspaper readership among U. S. adults. I______ of television to reading.
7. Consumers of electricity usually accept the fact that power cuts frequently occur during thunder-storms. If outages (电力中断) occur on a sunny day, consumers will blame the power company. However, most outages occur due to circumstances beyond the power company's control. Animals with the ability to reach the top of power poles can knock out power of many houses. There are many c______ for power failure.
causes
[解析] 本段落的主旨是电力中断有很多原因,有些并不是电力公司所能控制的。答案为causes。
8. Love plays a very important part in this world today. It is difficult to imagine what they would be like if there were no love for each other. To live without l______ is miserable.
love
[解析] 本段落的主旨是没有爱的生活是可悲的。答案为love。
9. Watching just one hour of television a day can make a person more violent towards others, according to a 25-year study. In some circumstances, TV watching increases the risk of violence by five times. The new research indicates the effect is seen not just in children, as has been suggested before, but in adults as well. L______ of TV viewing to adult violence.
10. Education teaches a child to realize that he is not thrown into the world by chance, he has his part to play. He will learn what is useful to him and society at large. Education imparts a great deal of knowledge to his mind and encourages a child to work hard. The p______ of education.
Ⅳ.Translation Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet. 1 Therefore, while the overall U. S. homicide rate has indeed declined in recent years, the rate of juvenile murder continues to grow, unabated by the spread of community policing, increased incarceration, and a variety of other popular crime-fighting strategies. In the overall crime mix, the sharp decline in crime among the large adult population has eclipsed the rising crime rate among the relatively small population of teens. 2 The problem of kids with guns cannot be overstated in view of recent trends in gun-related killings among youth. Since the mid1980s, the number of gun-homicides—particularly with handguns-perpetrated by juveniles has quadrupled, while the prevalence of juvenile homicide involving all other weapons combined has remained virtually constant. While the negative socializing forces of drugs, guns, gangs, and the media have become more threatening, the positive socializing forces of family, school, religion, and neighborhood have grown relatively weak and ineffective. 3 Increasingly, children are being raised in homes disrupted by divorce and economic stress; too many children emerge undersocialized and undersupervised. 4 The problem of unsupervised youth does not end nor the solution necessarily begin with the breakdown of the traditional family. Because of deep funding cuts in support programs for youth—from after-school care to recreation, from mentoring to education—as a society we are missing the fleeting opportunity to compensate for the diminished role of the family. As a consequence, children spend too little time engaged in structured activity with positive role models and too much time "hanging out" or watching a few savage killings on television as after-school entertainment. Bored and idle, our children have just too much time to kill—perhaps literally. As if the situation with youth violence was not bad enough already, future demographics are expected to make matters even worse. 5 Not only are today's violent teens maturing into more violent young adults, but they are being succeeded by a new and large group of teenagers. The same massive baby-boom cohort that as teenagers produced a crime wave in the 1970s has since grown up and had children of their own. There are now 39 million children in this country under the age of 10, more young children than at any time since the 1950s when the original baby boomers were in grade school. The newest group of youngsters will soon reach their adolescence.
[解析] ①重点词汇或短语:overall:全部、总体上;indeed:事实上;homicide rate:蓄意杀人犯罪率;the rate of juvenile murder:青少年犯谋杀罪的比率;unabated:未减少;incarceration:禁闭;a variety of:多种多样的……②while在此引出表转折关系的并列句部分。③注意句子结构与成分的划分。根据译出语的需要适当加词或减词。
2.
最近发生的青年人持枪犯罪的趋势表明,青少年拥有枪支造成的问题怎么说也不为过。
[解析] ①in view of sth. :由于,鉴于,考虑到。②“in gun-related killings among youth”是对“trends”的进一步阐述。③由于英、汉的表达习惯不尽相同,故在翻译时要注意语序。
3.
越来越多的孩子成长在因为离婚或者经济压力而破碎的家庭里。有太多的孩子表现出脱离社会和缺少监护。
[解析] ①重点词汇:increasingly翻译时可转换为形容词,表“越来越多的”;emerge:出现;前缀under-表“在……之下”,undersocialized:脱离社会;undersupervised:缺少监护。②英文中有时态,而中文中表示时态的方式不明显,所以在英译汉时要注意适当增加表时间的词。③“...disrupted by divorce and economic stress”是过去分词短语作定语,修饰“homes”。
4.
没有得到监护的孩子的问题没有结束,解决方法也没有随着传统家庭的瓦解而出现。
[解析] ①注意此复合句中用了“nor,也没有”连接两个表并列的句子。②“with the breakdown of the traditional family”表示伴随状语。译为:随着传统家庭的瓦解。③begin本意表“开始”,此处译为“出现”。