Ⅰ.重写句子 Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets. Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic sentence)
In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.1. Queues will likely be long this summer at the airport. Families head abroad for their summer holidays. (complex sentence)
Queues will likely be long this summer at the airport as families head abroad for their summer holidays.
[解析] 译文:这个夏天飞机场可能排很长的队。许多家庭争相去国外度假。分析这两句话可知,它们之间是因果关系。将它们变为复合句(即有多套主谓结构,各结构之间构成从属关系),可用表原因的as引导,as前为主句,as后为从句。
2. Although the rain clouds are gathering in the distance, they still insist on meeting in the park. (simple sentence)
They still insist on meeting in the park regardless of the rain clouds gathering in the distance.
[解析] 译文:尽管远处云彩正在聚拢,他们仍然坚持在公园碰面。分析这句话可知这是一个让步状语从句,将其变为简单句(即只有一套主谓结构)可用介词短语regardless of来替代although引导的状语从句。
3. No farmer would dare invest in anything new without being certain that the government officials stand behind it. (periodic sentence)
Without being certain that the government officials stand behind it, no farmer would dare invest in anything new.
[解析] 译文:如果无法确定能否得到政府官员的支持,农民不敢投资新项目。分析这句话可知这是由without短语结构构成的条件状语从句,将其变为掉尾句(即句子重心在句尾),可将状语提前。
4. The loan model offers some unbelievably cheap loans and allows a short payback period. (compound sentence)
The loan model offers some unbelievably cheap loans, but it allows a short payback period.
[解析] 译文:这个贷款模式提供一些利率很低的贷款项目并且要求还款的期限很短。分析这个句子可知只有一个主语,and前后两个句子含有转折意义,可将其转换为并列句(即有两个或两个以上并列的主谓结构),则需将and改为but,再添加主语。
5. Because the hotel receptionist beat the thief severely, both the receptionist and the thief were arrested. (simple sentence)
Both the thief and the hotel receptionist, who beat the thief severely, were arrested.
[解析] 译文:因为旅馆的招待员把贼打得很严重,他们都被逮捕了。分析这个句子可知这是一个表因果关系的复杂句,第一句是因,第二句是果,将其变为简单句,可将the hotel receptionist和the thief作为并列主语,加入定语从句作为补充成分。
6. Tighter restrictions on animal transports, have forced farmers to consider transporting their herds by cargo plane instead of lorry as a way to comply with animal welfare requirements. (complex sentence)
Tighter restrictions, which is on animal transports, have forced farmers to consider transporting their herds by cargo plane instead of lorry as a way to comply with animal welfare requirements.
[解析] 译文:对动物运输的严格限制迫使农民考虑使用货机而不是卡车来运送他们豢养的动物来遵从动物的福利要求。分析这个句子可知这是一个简单句,Tighter restrictions on animal transports是主语,forced是谓语,将其变为复杂句,可将on animal transport变为定语从句。
7. The Great Wail is the world's longest human-made structure, stretching over approximately 6,400km from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, along an arc roughly drawing the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. (compound-complex sentence)
The Great Wall, which is the world's longest human-made structure, stretches over approximately 6,400km from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, and along an arc roughly draws the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.
[解析] 译文:长城是世界上最长的人工建筑,从东部的山海关到西部的嘉峪关绵延6400公里,弧形形状就像内蒙古南部边缘的轮廓。分析这句话可知这是一个简单句,主语是the Great Wall,谓语是is,将其变为并列复合句(即有两个或两个以上的并列的主谓结构,且主谓结构之间存在从属关系),可将is the world's longest human-made structure变为定语从句,主语的谓语为stretch。
8. By the Spring and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC, the Chinese had learned the techniques of wall-building. (loose sentence)
The Chinese had learned the techniques of wall-building by the Spring and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC.
[解析] 译文:到了公元前8世纪春秋时期,中国人已经学会了建造城墙的技术。分析这个句子可知这是个句子重心在句尾的掉尾句,将其变为松散句(即句子重心在句首),需要将前后部分调换。
9. Susan knows business management very well. She has got many years' work experience in business administration. (compound sentence)
Susan knows business management very well and she has got many years' work experience in business administration.
[解析] 译文:苏珊对商业管理很清楚。她在商业管理方面已经有好几年的工作经历了。这是两个独立的简单句,但主语相同,都是“Susan”,将其变为并列句将两个句子连起来,中间用and连接即可。
10. Oprah Winfrey's own story is an inspiration. She overcame almost every obstacle that a person might face. (compound-complex sentence)
Oprah Winfrey overcame almost every obstacle that a person might face and she has her own story which is an inspiration.
[解析] 译文:奥普拉·温弗瑞自己的故事就很励志。她几乎克服了每个普通人可能遇到的挫折。这是两个独立的简单句,句子主语不一致,第一个主语是Oprah Winfrey's own story,而第二个句子主语是she,将其变为并列复杂句要使两个句子主语一致。这里的and表示递进,进一步说明,前后有一定因果关系。
Ⅱ.修改病句 Correct the errors in the following sentences. Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again.
After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television, I resolved never to buy that brand again.1. A new blouse in a fashionable color can update an old outfit; in contrast, adding dramatic jewelry or an attractive scarf can make an old outfit seem new.
A new blouse in a fashionable color can update an old outfit; by comparison, adding dramatic jewelry or an attractive scarf can make an old outfit seem new.
[解析] 译文:颜色时尚的上衣足以为一件旧衣服增添光彩;相比较而言,加一串光彩夺目的珠宝或者一条引人注目的围巾也会使旧衣裳焕然一新。update an old outfit和make an old outfit seem new意思是一样的,都是“使旧衣服变新”的意思,因此前后两个分句强调的是相同点而非不同点,而in contrast指的是两者之间的不同,因此应改为强调两者之间相同点的by comparison。
2. Judging by Meg's party, her parents are irresponsible. First of all, there is no adult supervision, for example, wine and beer are served.
Judging by Meg's party, we can tell that her parents are irresponsible. First of all, there is no adult supervision, for example, wine and beer are served.
[解析] 译文:从美格的聚会来看,她的父母是不负责的。首先,没有大人的监管。例如,聚会上都上了葡萄酒和啤酒。“Judging by Meg's party, her parents are irresponsible.”这一整句的主语应该是her parents,但很明显Judging by Meg's party的主语是“我们”,这就造成前后主语不一致,因此应将主语补全。
3. He said that they should make full use of the water power of the river. And that a small reservoir should be built.
He said that they should make full use of the water power of the river, and build a small reservoir.
[解析] 译文:他说他们应该充分利用河流的水力,并且应该建一个小型水库。分析这两句话可知And前后两句的主语应一致,因此可将两句合并为一句,第二个分句无需用被动语态,可将其改为主动形式。
4. My hometown is closer to Beijing than Shijiazhuang.
My hometown is closer to Beijing than to Shijiazhuang.
[解析] 译文:我的家乡离北京比离石家庄要近。这句话本身有歧义,首先可以指“我的家乡离北京比离石家庄要近”,也可以指“我的家乡比石家庄要离北京近”,因此应把缺少的to放在than后面。
5. After correcting all the mistakes, the second draft of the paper was much better than the first.
After the correction of all the mistakes, the second draft of the paper was much better than the first.或After correcting all the mistakes, I found/felt that the second draft of the paper was much better than the first.
[解析] 译文:在更正所有的错误后,这篇论文的第二稿要比第一稿好多了。After correcting ail the mistakes的主语是人,而后边的主语是the second draft,句子前后主语不一致。
Ⅲ.辨认主题句2. Read the following paragraph and write the topic sentence on the Answer Sheet.
We are on our way to becoming a cashless, checkless society, a trend that began with the credit card. Now some banks are offering "debit cards" instead of credit cards. The costs of purchases made with these cards are deducted from the holder's bank account instead of being added to a monthly bill. And checking accounts, which are mainly used for paying bills, are going electronic. Now some people can make computer transactions over their pushbutton phones to pay bills by transferring money from their account to the account of whomever they owe. Soon we may be able to conduct most of our business without signing a check or actually seeing the money we earn and spend.
We are on our way to becoming a cashless, checkless society, a trend that began with the credit card.
[解析] 段落的主题句一般位于句首或句尾,它统领全段发展,其余各句围绕它展开。本段的主题句是首句“我们正在进入一个没有现金、没有支票的社会,而这一趋势是从信用卡开始的”,下面都是围绕“credit card”展开的。
Ⅳ.重新组合段落1. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Write the corresponding letters in a proper sequence on the Answer Sheet. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. After several conversations with salespeople, she then buys what she came into the store for in the first place, but all the while, my father has been reading a mystery in the car.
B. My father has grown to hate stores of all kinds.
C. My mother, on the other hand, has a somewhat more complicated approach.
D. As she does so, she draws up two mental lists—one of items that she can afford and the other of items she cannot.
E. His view is that one should go into a store, buy what one came for, and leave.
F. While she believes that one should enjoy oneself as much as possible while shopping, my father feels enjoyment and shopping are two different things.
G. She prefers to look carefully over every single item in the store.
H. The reason is quite simple, my mother loves them.
[解析] 通篇来看讲的是father和mother对购物的不同态度,因此开头应有一件事引出两人的不同态度,所以B应为句首,而H句则给出了B句的原因。E句写的是父亲的观点,因此其前可列举母亲的购物观点,则F句。G句写到母亲购物时的细节,与D句中的does so相呼应。与此同时,A句紧接D句内容,写出父亲在母亲购物时的举动。
Ⅴ.划掉与段落内容无关的句子1. Read the following paragraph and write the TWO irrelevant sentences on the Answer Sheet.
Studies reveal that people's first names can have influence on them. Clearly, Chinese names are quite different. Some names reflect on people in a positive way. For example, one survey showed that American men consider the name Susan to be sexy. And participants in a British study thought Tony to be the name of someone very friendly. However, other names can have a negative impact. In one study, for instance, teachers gave lower grades to essays supposedly written by boys named Hubert and Elmer than to the very same essays when they were credited to boys with more popular names. Another study found that girls with unpopular names did worse on IQ and achievement tests than girls with more appealing names. So IQ and achievement tests are important and necessary in studying names.
1. Clearly, Chinese names are quite different.
2. So IQ and achievement tests are important and necessary in studying names.
[解析] 通篇阅读可知本段的中心思想是讲一个人的名字对他(她)的积极影响和消极影响。第二句“Clearly, Chinese names are quite different.”讲的是中文姓名,而本段都是英文姓名,根本没有涉及中文姓名。最后一句“So IQ and achievement tests are important and necessary in studying names.”讲的是研究姓名时应该考虑IQ和成绩,这和本段中心思想不符。
Ⅵ.写信1. Suppose you (Wang Lin) have finished your study, during which Professor Li helped you a lot both in your study and in your life. Write a letter to thank him. Tell him with examples that you have learned a lot from him in terms of knowledge and positive attitude towards difficulties. And also tell him that with what you have learned from him, you have got a good job in a company or you have started your own business. (150~200 words)
Dear Professor Li,
I am writing to extend my sincere thanks to you for your great help in both my study and my life.
In four years' study, you instructed me carefully and give me precious as well as enlightening suggestion to my study. With your kind encouragement, inspiring advice, I finished my study smoothly and was awarded the diploma. After reading the books you recommended to me, I broadened my horizon and deepened my understanding in my professional study. And the opportunities you offered to me concerning research and social practice greatly enriched my experience, which contributed largely to my later career.
Moreover, your unswerving devotion to work, careful responsibility to research and positive attitude to-wards life inspired me a lot. Every time I met obstacles and failure in my way ahead, the words that "Winners are simply willing to do what losers won't" occurred to my mind, which encouraged me to pull myself together and continue to move on. That's why I succeeded in opening up my own business. Thank you again and may you are in good condition and everything will go well.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lin
[解析] 本文要求写感谢信,除注意格式和语气外,还应重点介绍为什么感谢收信人。就本篇感谢信而言,结合题目要求,应该从三方面来进行写作,首先应该表达对老师的感谢,然后结合具体事例从学习和人生两个角度叙述老师对自己的帮助,最后再一次表达对老师的谢意及祝福。