Ⅰ.Rewrite the following sentences into periodic sentence.1. Iraq's fallen dictator Saddam Hussein refused to answer any questions or recognize any of his crimes when he was brought to court. (periodic sentence)
When Iraq's fallen dictator Saddam Hussein was brought to court, he refused to answer any questions or recognize any of his crimes.
[解析] 原句是一个含有when引导的时间状语从句的松散句,要转化为掉尾句。转化时只需要把when引导的从句提前,而将表示句子中心意思的后半句移至句尾,在从句和主句之间插入逗号即可。译文:当萨达姆·侯赛因被带上法庭后,这位伊拉克已下台的统治者拒绝回答任何问题,也拒绝承认任何指控罪行。
2. He felt that the world had come to an end when he failed in the university entrance exam last year. (periodic sentence)
When he failed in the university entrance exam last year, he felt that the world had come to an end.
[解析] 原句是一个含有由when引导的表时间的状语从句的松散句,在将其变为掉尾句时,只需将状语从句部分提前(而表示句子中心意思的主句移至句尾)即可。译文:当他去年高考失败时,他感到世界都快终结了。
3. It began to shake noticeably as soon as the plane lifted off the runway. (periodic sentence)
As soon as the plane lifted off the runway, it began to shake noticeably.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。
4. I saw a rabbit right under the tree when I was on my way home. (periodic sentence)
When I was on my way home, I saw a rabbit right under the tree.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为掉尾句。掉尾句要求把句子的中心意思放在句末。这句话的中心部分是“I saw a rabbit right under the tree”,把它放在句尾即可。
5. He felt that the world had come to an end when he wasn't chosen for the football team. (periodic sentence)
When he wasn't chosen for the football team, he felt that the world had come to an end.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为掉尾句,所以只需把中心意思“he felt that the world...”移至句尾即可。
6. There are ten eggs in the nest, but only one chicken was hatched. (periodic sentence)
Only one chicken was hatched, although there are ten eggs in the nest.
[解析] 中心句是There are ten eggs in the nest,根据掉尾句规则,应将中心句置后,修饰语提前。因两句存在转折和让步关系,而用连词although。
7. It requires steady nerves to do the job safely. (periodic sentence)
To do the job safely requires steady nerves.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为掉尾句。即把中心意思“requires steady nerves"放在句尾,而把“to do the job safely”提到句首,不定式作主语,强调了中心意思“requires steady nerves"。
8. It takes time and money to learn to type. (periodic sentence)
To learn to type takes time and money.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。这句话的中心意思是it takes time and money,所以把它移至句尾就需要用不定式作主语。
9. I began reading my favorite novel as soon as I got home from school. (periodic sentence)
As soon as I got home from school, I began reading my favorite novel.
[解析] 此句要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。
10. There are many exercises to do if you want to build a muscular body. (periodic sentence)
If you want to build a muscular body, there are many exercises to do.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾,此句话的中心意思是there are many exercises to do,把它放在句尾,把条件状语从句放句首即可。
11. He did not dare to form a guess even in his mind. (periodic sentence)
Even in his mind, he did not dare to form a guess.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾,此句中,中心意思在前面“he did not dare to form a guess”。
12. Summer is the most enjoyable season for many people. (periodic sentence)
For many people, summer is the most enjoyable season.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为掉尾句。即把句子的中心意思移到句尾,“summer is the most enjoyable season”是这句话的中心意思,所以把它移到句尾。
13. He stumbled into his bed after his long walk, tired and sleepy. (periodic sentence)
After his long walk, tired and sleepy, he stumbled into his bed.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为掉尾句。即把句子的中心意思移到句尾,“he stumbled into his bed after his long walk”是这句话的中心意思,所以把它移到句尾。
14. She got a medal in the Olympic Games, according to China Daily reports. (periodic sentence)
According to China Daily reports, she got a medal in the Olympic Cames.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改写为掉尾句,即把句子里主要思想或要说的东西从句首移到句尾。
15. The plane began to shake noticeably as soon as it lifted off the runway. (periodic sentence)
As soon as the plane lifted off the runway, it began to shake noticeably.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。
16. The story book is my favorite of all the books here. (periodic sentence)
Of all the books here, the story book is my favorite.
[解析] 掉尾句是中心句在句子末尾,修饰语在前;松散句刚好与之相反。本句中of all the books here为修饰语,改为掉尾句时将其提到句首即可。
17. I bought some potatoes in the market this morning. (periodic sentence)
This morning in the market, I bought some potatoes.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。
18. He played the violin well because he had been trained in it from an early age. (periodic sentence)
Because he had been trained in it from an early age, he played the violin well.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。中心意思出现在句尾的句子称为掉尾句。这种句子结构通常要比中心意思出现在句首,修饰语出现在句尾的结构效果更好。
19. I bought some books in the bookshop yesterday. (periodic sentence)
Yesterday in the bookshop, I bought some books.
[解析] yesterday为时间状语,in the bookshop为地点状语,两者都是饰语。改为掉尾句时,将它们提前即可。
20. There are many exercises to do if you want to build a muscular body. (periodic sentence)
If you want to build a muscular body, there are many exercises to do.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。中心意思出现在句尾的句子称为掉尾句。这种句子结构通常要比中心意思出现在句首,修饰语出现在句尾的结构效果更好。这句话的中心意思是“there are many exercises to do”,所以需要把它置后。
21. There are many famous scientists in the history of China. (periodic sentence)
In the history of China, there are many famous scientists.
[解析] 此题句子的中心意思是“there are many famous scientists”,现在改成掉尾句就要把中心意思移到句尾。所以要把状语提前。
22. The men of the expedition put their faith in Washington's leadership after they were completely out of touch with their families for over two years. (periodic sentence)
After the men of the expedition were completely out of touch with their families for over two years, they put their faith in Washington's leadership.
[解析] 原句是一个含有after引导的时间状语从句的松散句,在转化为掉尾句时,只需要把after引导的部分提前至句首,再在主从句之间加上一个逗号即可。译文:在与家人失去联系两年多之后,探险队队员把他们的信任交给了华盛顿的领导者们。特别要注意主从句主语的互换。
23. I asked my friend if we should tip the driver when the bus tour ended. (periodic sentence)
When the bus tour ended, I asked my friend if we should tip the driver.
[解析] 本句包含两个从句,一个是由when引导的时间状语从句,另一个是由if引导的ask的宾语从句。变为掉尾句时,需要将状语从句提前造成悬念,吸引读者。注意本句不能把if从句提前,因为它在主句中作宾语,而不是状语。
24. Meet me in the courtyard for dessert when you finish doing the dishes. (periodic sentence)
When you finish doing the dishes, meet me in the courtyard for dessert.
[解析] 原句是个含有when引导的时间状语从句的松散句,要求转化为掉尾句。掉尾句的句子中心意思在句子的最后面。故本题变化时,只需把when引导的时间状语从句放在句首,将表示句子中心意思的前半部分移至句尾即可。译文:洗完碗之后到院子里找我吃些点心。
25. Alan did not know that he had won the race until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest. (periodic sentence)
Not until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest, did Alan know that he had won the race.
[解析] 原句是一个松散句,要求变为掉尾句。原句的主句部分为until前面的内容,变为掉尾句时,该部分要移至句尾。需要注意的是not until位于句首时,主句要采用倒装语序。译文:直到他冲过终点,胸部撞到终点线之后,艾兰才知道他赢了比赛。
26. The meeting had already started when he arrived. (periodic sentence)
When he arrived, the meeting had already started.
[解析] 原句是个松散句,句子后半部分为由when引导的时间状语从句。大多数的松散句,常用把状语移至句首的方法来改成掉尾句,本题修改方法即为此类。
27. There are many exercises to do if you want to build a muscular (肌肉发达的) body. (periodic sentence)
If you want to build a muscular(肌肉发达的)body, there are many exercises to do.
[解析] 松散句的组成部分可以比较自由地拆散,在句中的某些地方可以随意停顿,而且语法上具有一定的完整性。掉尾句,是指只有读到句子末尾,才能明白整个句子意思的一种句子类型。掉尾句的修辞作用在于它一直吸引着读者或听众的注意力,句子不读完就得不到一个完整的概念。原句是一个松散句,要变为掉尾句,只需要将表示条件意义的if从句提前,表示主要意思的主句后移即可。
28. Jane walked out of his life, bursting into tears as she left the room. (periodic sentence)
Bursting into tears as Jane left the room, she walked out of his life.
[解析] 原句是一个含有伴随状语bursting into tears...的松散句,要求改为一个掉尾句。在变化时要把状语部分前移,句子主要意思后置。译文:简离开屋子时一下子哭了,从此她走出了他的生活。特别要注意前后主语的对调。
29. The community college is making it easier for older students to attend college in a number of ways. (periodic sentence)
In a number of ways, the community college is making it easier for older students to attend college.
[解析] 首先来看译文,社区学院正在许多方面采取措施使大龄学生上大学更容易一些。这是个正常语序的句子,语法术语中称之为松散句,它是先说中心意思,也就是先出现主谓语,而把修饰语,置于句尾。本题要求变为掉尾句。掉尾句是指中心意思出现在句尾的句子。松散句变为掉尾句,很多情况下,就相当于修饰语前置,此题将方式状语in a number of ways提前即可。
30. Hockey is a sport which is popular in many countries around the world. (simple sentence)
Hockey is a popular sport in many countries around the world. /Hockey is a sport popular in many countries around the world.
[解析] 译文:曲棍球是在全世界许多国家都很流行的一项运动。该句是一个复合句,定语从句修饰先行词sport。复合句是处于主从地位的两套主谓结构的结合。要将复合句变成简单句,一般是将复合句中处于从属地位的句子转化为短语的形式去做修饰语,使其丧失分句的地位。这样就把句子变成只有一套主谓结构的简单句了。本句从句中popular为中心词,它可以做改后句中sport的定语,状语做整个句子的状语。这样就保证了句子意思的不变了。
31. My roommate closed her books when it was nearly midnight. (simple sentence)
My roommate closed her books at midnight.
[解析] 原句是一个含有由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句,要求变为简单句。在变化时要注意把时间状语从句变为表示时间的介词短语,这样就符合简单句无从句的要求了。
32. The enemy ran away as soon as they saw our flag. (simple sentence)
At the sight of our flag, the enemy ran away.
[解析] 原句是一个含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的复合句,要求变为简单句。简单句是只含有一套主谓结构的句子,它不能有从句,故在变化时我们用at the sight of这个表示时间意义的介词短语代替as soon as引导的时间状语从句。译文:敌人一看到我们的旗子就跑了。特别要注意主从句主语的互换。
33. Your uncle married my aunt. He is rich. She is poor. (simple sentence)
Your rich uncle married my poor aunt.
[解析] 原句含有三个简单句,要求转化为一个简单句。从题意看,第二句是对第一句主语uncle的解释,第三句是对第一句宾语aunt的解释,因此转换时可把后两句的形容词分别用在各自所解释的主语和宾语前做定语即可。
34. Don Hall who is a reporter works for our local newspaper. (simple sentence)
Don Hall, as a reporter, works for our local newspaper.
[解析] 原句是一个复合句,要求变为简单句。原句主句为Don Hall works for our local newspaper。who is a reporter是定语从句部分,起修饰主语作用。在修改时可把它换成as a reporter充当方式状语,修饰谓语works。
35. The film was over. We had dinner at an expensive restaurant. (simple sentence)
We had dinner at an expensive restaurant after the film.
[解析] 原句是两个简单句,要求合并为一个简单句。从句意上看,前后两句只能通过时间才能联系在一起,由于只能合并成简单句,故不能用从句。根据句意,可以采用after引导的介词短语来表示。
36. Han Solo is one of the heroes of Star Wars. He is a brave but self-centered pilot. (simple sentence)
Han Solo, a brave but self-centered pilot, is one of the heroes of Star Wars.
[解析] 原句是两个简单句,要求合并为一个简单句。从句意上看,两句话都是对同一个主语Han Solo的描述,在合并时我们可以采用同位语(a brave but self-centered pilot为Han Solo的同位语)的方式将第二句的语意合并于第一句中。
37. Jules is sweet. He is considerate. He is loving. (simple sentence)
Jules is sweet, considerate, and loving.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为简单句。简单句是最基本的句子类型,至少是含有主语、谓语动词的独立的、有意义的句子。简单句可以有一个以上的主语,也可以有一个以上的动词,与并列句相比,简单句中不能出现连接两个句子的连词,无论是从属连词还是并列连词。
Ⅱ.Rewrite the following sentences into loose sentences or according to the requirement.1. Not until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest did Johnson know he had won the race. (loose sentence)
Johnson did not know that he had won the race until he crossed the line and felt the tape snap against his chest.
[解析] 译文:直到他的胸部碰到了终点线,约翰逊才知道他已赢得了比赛。本句是一个掉尾句,要求将它变为一个松散句。掉尾句和松散句的主要区别是主要观点的位置不同。当句子结构为“基本结构+修饰语”时,主要观点体现在基本结构上,修饰语主要指状语,为次要观点。在这样的句子中,掉尾句的本质就是状语前置。要将掉尾句变为松散句,只需将状语后置即可。在本句中,只需将until引导的时间状语从句后置即可。做题时要注意原句子以否定词开头的倒装语序须改为正常语序。
2. When they meet after years of separation, old friends are often shocked and embarrassed. (loose sentence)
Old friends are often shocked and embarrassed when they meet after years of separation.
[解析] 此题要求把掉尾句改为松散句,即把句子里主要思想或要说的东西从句尾移到句首。
3. As the lecture is long and important, I hope you will come early. (loose sentence)
I hope you will come early as the lecture is long and important.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改写为松散句,即把句子的中心意思“I hope you wilt come early”移至句首即可。
4. In our launching satellites, computers play a key role. (loose sentence)
Computers play a key role in our launching satellites.
[解析] 介词短语In our launching satellites是修饰语,根据松散句规则,应该放到句末。
5. At 29, he became a general of the Red Army. (loose sentence)
He became a general of the Red Army at 29.
[解析] 此题要求把掉尾句改为松散句,即把句子里主要思想或要说的东西从句尾移到句首。这句话的主要思想是he became...,所以把时间状语放后即可。
6. In spite of the jeers of his contemporaries, Richard Wangner became one of the most successful composers of all the time. (loose sentence)
Richard Wangner became one of the most successful composers of all the time in spite of the jeers of his contemporaries.
[解析] 此题要求把掉尾句改为松散句,即把句子里主要思想或要说的东西从句尾移到句首。
7. Talking and laughing, the children are walking along the street. (loose sentence)
The children are walking along the street, talking and laughing.
[解析] 此题要求把句子改为松散句。松散句是一种结构松弛的句子,它的组成部分可以比较自由地拆散,在句中的某些地方,可以随意停顿,而且语法上具有一定的完整性。要求把掉尾句改为松散句,即把句子里主要思想或要说的东西从句尾移到句首。此句话的中心是在“the children are walking along the street”。
8. If you sit by the window facing the sun on a sunny winter day, you may feel nice and warm. (loose sentence)
You may feel nice and warm if you sit by the window facing the sun on a sunny winter day.
[解析] 原句是个掉尾句,要求变为松散句。松散句基本上保持了自然的语序。状语在句尾的简单句、主句在前从句在后的复合句及并列复合句多半是松散句。本题在变化时只需要将if引导的条件状语移在句末,而将原句的后半句(即主句部分)移于句首即可。译文:在一个晴朗的冬日,如果你坐在窗边面朝太阳,你会感到非常舒适、温暖。
9. When he saw the thief, he called the police. (loose sentence)
He called the police when he saw the thief.
[解析] 原句是个掉尾句,要求转化为松散句。根据松散句转变为掉尾句的规则,采取逆向思维法,在掉尾句转变为松散句时只需要把主句前移,从句放在主句后即可。
10. Despite its shortcomings, education remains the single best means of economic advancement. (loose sentence)
Education remains the single best means of economic advancement despite its short-comings.
[解析] 译文:尽管教育有缺陷,但这是经济发展的惟一最有利方式。本句是一个掉尾句,要求将它变为一个松散句。掉尾句和松散句的主要区别是主要观点的位置不同。当句子结构为“基本结构+修饰语”时,主要观点体现在基本结构上,修饰可以是状语从句,也可以是其他结构,如不定式。要将掉尾句变为松散句,只需要将修饰语后置即可。在本句中,只需要将despite引导的时间状语从句后置即可。
11. I spent almost two hours on the phone yesterday. I tried to find a garage to repair my car. (sentence with "to opener")
To find a garage to repair my car, I spent almost two hours on the phone yester-day.
[解析] 首先来看译文,昨天我打了将近两小时电话。我想找一家修理厂修修我的汽车。原句为两个简单句,要求把它们变成以to开头的一个简单句。To位于句首时,通常引出目的状语。分析原句,第二句是第一句的目的,主语均为I,所以去掉I tried,把to find短语作为句子的目的状语置于句首即可。
Ⅲ.Combine each of the following groups of short sentences into the best long sentences you can write. Don't change any of the key words and don't leave out any information.1. It was nearly dark. A snowmobile appeared. The snowmobile was roaring. It was running without lights. It hit Mrs. Li.
It was nearly dark, and the roaring snowmobile without lights hit Mrs. Li.
[解析] 原句由几个简单句构成。第一句意思为“天快黑了”。第二句意为“一辆机动雪橇出现了”。第三句为“机动雪橇呼啸着”。第四句为“它没开车灯向前飞跑着”。第五句为“它撞上了李太太”。第一句显然是说明事情发生的时间,二句和五句说明了事情的经过和结果,三、四句则可以改为对第二句主语的补充修饰。
2. Former American President, Ronald Reagan, died at the age of 93. (1911—2004). He was the oldest president in American history.
Former American President, Ronald Reagan who was the oldest President in American history, died at the age of 93(1911~2004).
[解析] 原句含有两个简单句,要求合并成为长句。从题意可以看出,两句都是对同一主语的描述,且第一句是句子中心,故第二句可以转化为新句子的定语从句来修饰主语。译文:美国前总统里根,这位美国历史上年龄最大的总统,在93岁时去世了。
3. We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uranium. They are overused. Coal and oil are non-renewable. Uranium is also non-renewable.
We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uranium, which are overused and non-renewable. //We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uranium because/as they are overused and non-renewable.
[解析] 原句由几个简单句构成。第一句意思为“我们不应该如此依赖石油、煤、铀”。第二句意思为“这些东西已经被过度使用了”。第三、四句是说煤、石油、铀是不可再生能源。被过度使用和不可再生是它们的共同属性,可以用定语从句来连接;同时被过度使用和不可再生也是人们不能太过依赖这些能源的主要原因,所以也可以用原因状语从句来连接。
4. Louis was eyeing the perfume. She was carrying a purse. The purse was already open. The clerk turned around. Louis put the perfume in the purse. The store manager told the judge that he had seen it all.
The store manager told the judge that Louis eyed the perfume and put it in her open purse when the clerk turned around.
[解析] 原句是六个简单句,要求合并成为一个长句。六句话的汉语翻译为:①路易斯在看香水。②她拿着一个钱包。③钱包已经打开。④店员转过身。⑤路易斯将香水放入钱包。⑥经理告诉法官他看到了这一切。从最生一句看本题描述了在法庭做证的情况。分析后我们将这六个句子这样合并:“经理告诉法官他看到路易斯在看香水,然后趁店员转达身的时候将香水放入了已打开的钱包。”