2. He appeared well ______ (prepare) for the TV debate.
prepared
[解析] 译文:他为这场电视辩论赛做了充分的准备。这句话中考查的是对过去分词的用法。通常过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的动作。be prepared to do sth. 意为准备做某事,其中be动词可换为seem,appear等系动词。这里well prepared可以指“已经准备好的”。答案为prepared。
3. If you practice ______ (speak) English more, it will be easier for you to communicate with foreign people.
[解析] 译文:约翰习惯于每天唱歌。get used to sth./doing sth. 意为“习惯于做……”,此处的to是介词,其后要接名词或动名词,题干中的时间状语every day指的是经常性的行为,符合此种用法。答案为sing→singing。
三、改写句子 Using a non-finite verb:
1. At a very early stage, Paderewski revealed that he was a master of the keyboard.
Being at a very early stage, Paderewski revealed that he was a master of the keyboard.
[解析] 译文:在很早的时候,Paderewski就显示出是键盘乐器方面的大师。本题要求用非谓语形式改写句子。我们可以把第一句话写成being形式表示因和后面主语一致从而省略掉主语的变形。答案为Being at a very early stage, Paderewski revealed that he was a master of the keyboard.
2. Do you anticipate that there will be any real problem in getting support?
Do you anticipate there being any real problem in getting support?
[解析] 译文:你觉得我们在取得支持上会有问题吗?anticipate后除了可接宾语从句外,还可用于anticipate sth./doing sth.,意为“期望……,预料……”。答案为Do you anticipate there being any real problem in getting support?
3. The student resolved that he would do better next time.
The student resolved to do better next time.
[解析] 译文:这个学生下定决心下次一定做好。resolve后除了接宾语从句外,还可接动词不定式,意为“决定,决心”。动词不定式可以表目的或表将来,根据题干中的时间状语next time可知此处可用动词不定式表将来。答案为The student resolved to do better next time.
4. No teacher would profess that he knows all the answers.
No teacher would profess to know all the answers.
[解析] 译文:没有哪位老师敢保证他知道所有答案。profess后除了接宾语从句外,还可接动词不定式,意为“自诩,声称”。答案为No teacher would profess to know all the answers.
5. She stood up so that she could be seen better.
She stood up in order to be seen better.
[解析] 要求改写成不定式形式的句子。此处可以将so that引导的状语从句改为in order to do的形式。答案为She stood up in order to be seen better.
6. The temperature is not high enough. It can't melt the metal.
The temperature is not high enough for the metal to be melted.
[解析] 译文:温度不够高。无法融化这块金属。enough后可接动词不定式,用于句型“(not)形容词+enough+for sb./sth. to do sth.”意为“某人(不)足以去做……”。且the metal与melt之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,用于此句型中,melt要用被动形式。答案为The temperature is not high enough for the metal to be melted.
Using infinitive constructions:
7. She has decided that she will divorce her husband.
She has decided to divorce her husband.
[解析] 译文:她已经决定和丈夫离婚。decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。答案为She has decided to divorce her husband.
8. The next train which will arrive is from Nanjing.
The next train to arrive is from Nanjing.
[解析] 译文:下一班到站的火车是从南京开来的。题干中的which will arrive作the next train的定语从句,也可以用动词不定式作其定语,表示将来。答案为The next train to arrive is from Nanjing.
9. He pretended that he was reading the book when his mother entered the room.
He pretended to be reading the book when his mother entered the room.
[解析] 译文:当他妈妈进来时,他假装正在看书。题干中pretend后接的that从句作其宾语,也可用pretend to do sth.,意为“假装做某事”。题干中的was reading用的是进行时,不定式中也要用进行时,即to be doing结构。答案为He pretended to be reading the book when his mother entered the room.
Using -ed participle or -ing participle construction:
10. I am sure it'll do you good if you admit that you made the mistake.
I'm sure it'll do you good if you admit making the mistake.
[解析] 后面的that从句显得累赘,admit后面要接动词的ing形式,因此可以改为动名词形式的宾语。答案为I'm sure it'll do you good if you admit making the mistake.
11. He doesn't deny that he was on the spot that day.
It can't be denied that he was on the spot that day.
[解析] 译文:他否认那天在现场。本题考查用过去分词的用法。过去分词表示的是一个被动的或已完成的动作,在句中相当于一个形容词或副词。答案为It can't be denied that he was on the spot that day.
四、简答题
1. How many types in form can non-finite verbs be divided into? What are they?
The Non-finite verbs can be divided into three types. They are infinitive,-ing participle and -ed participle.
2. Illustrate with examples 2 major classes of auxiliaries other than modal auxiliary.
(1)The couple have lived here for ten years. (2)Don't come over here. (3)When did he drive to station to meet his sister?
3. Give at least two grammatical functions of the-ing participle.
The -ing participle can serve as the subject in a clause, the modifier of a noun, the object to a verb or the adverbial.
4. When can the logical subject to the-ing participle be kept implicit or explicit?
The logical subject to the-ing participle can be kept implicit or explicit depending on its reference. If the logical subject refers to or includes the subject of the main clause, it usually does not appear. However, the logical subject needs to be mentioned if its reference does not cover the subject of the main clause. Note that the logical subject can take the form of either the objective case or the genitive case. The objective case is generally regarded as less formal than the genitive case.
5. What kind of grammatical functions can the -ed participle perform? (Give at least two kinds)
Part of the verb phrase to form the perfective aspect or the passive voice; premodifier in the noun phrase; postmodifier as a subject complement or an object complement.
6. What are the senses conveyed in the premodifying -ed participles?
Most of the premodifying -ed participles are derived from transitive verbs and convey the sense of passiveness or completeness or both.
7. What is the meaning of dangling participle?
When the subject of a participle is not expressed, it is normally understood to be the subject of the main clause. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be "one", "we", "you", people in general: (1)Standing on the church tower, the whole village could be seen. (2)Caught in a traffic jam, it is easy to lose patience.