[解析] 译文:我的书和你的不同。be different from意为“与……不同”,是固定用法。答案为than→from。
11. Your application form has been filled incorrectly.
filled→filled in
[解析] 译文:你的申请表填得不正确。分析句子结构知本题用的是被动语态,句子的主语实际上是谓语动词filled的逻辑宾语,而fill用作“填满”之意时,是不及物动词,要接介词in后再接宾语,即filled in your application form。答案为filled→filled in。
12. You'll get on trouble if you're careless like that.
on→into
[解析] 译文:如果你像那样粗心,你会惹麻烦的。get into trouble意为“使自己或他人陷入困境”,是固定用法。答案为on→into。
13. Mary was looked down by her neighbours.
look down→look down upon/on
[解析] 译文:玛丽的邻居们瞧不起她。look down upon/on sb. 意为“看不起某人,轻视某人”,是固定用法。答案为look down→look down upon/on。
14. Yesterday John went to see a house in a view to buying it.
in→with
[解析] 译文:昨天,约翰带着想买房的目的去看了一个房子。with a viewr of为固定搭配,意为“以……为目的”。因此原句中的in a view的搭配是错误的。答案为in→with。
三、改写句子 Using prepositional phrases introduced by the word given in brackets:
1. As he knew the mountainous country, Charles Lee was appointed as our guide. (on account of)
On account of his knowledge of the mountainous country, Charles Lee was appointed as our guide.
[解析] 译文:因为查理斯·李对山区很熟悉,他被指派当我们的向导。本题是由as引导的原因状语从句,也可用on account of(因为,由于),但是其后必须接名词短语,题干中的know对应的名词是knowledge。答案为On account of his knowledge of the mountainous country, Charles Lee was appointed as our guide.
2. If it weren't for his sister's money, Harry would never be a doctor. (without)
Without his sister's money, Harry would never be a doctor.
[解析] 译文:如果没有哈里的妹妹的钱,哈里是不可能成为医生的。根据句意知本题是对现在的情况进行相反的假设。without意为“没有”,后接名词作介词宾语。答案为Without his sister's money, Harry would never be a doctor.
3. There was clear scientific evidence, but people still refused to believe that cigarette smoking was dangerous. (in spite of)
In spite of clear scientific evidence, people still refused to believe that cigarette smoking was dangerous.
[解析] 译文:虽说已经有了明确的科学依据,但是人们仍然不相信吸烟有害健康。in spite of意为“尽管,虽然”,其后接名词,且不能与but连用。答案为In spite of clear scientific evidence, people still refused to believe that cigarette smoking was dangerous.
4. The way of her keeping health is to jog every day. (by)
She keeps her health by jogging every day.
[解析] 译文:她保持健康的方法就是每天慢跑。by意为“通过……”,表方式方法。答案为She keeps her health by jogging every day.
5. A re you sure that Simon has disappointed? (about)
Are you sure about Simon's disappointment?
[解析] 译文:你确定西蒙失望了吗?“be sure that从句”意为“确信……”,也可用于be sure about sth.,about后接名词作介词宾语,disappoint的名词形式是disappointment,同时Simon要用其所格形式。答案为Are you sure about Simon's disappointment?
6. The proposal that we should take better care of child health was rejected. (concerning)
The proposal concerning taking better care of child health was rejected.
[解析] 译文:我们应该更好的照顾孩子们的建议遭到了拒绝。concerning意为“关于”,其后接名词或动名词。答案为The proposal concerning taking better care of child health was rejected.
7. He worked so well that he astonished every one of us. (to)
To our astonishment, he worked so well.
[解析] 译文:他工作得非常出色,我们每个人都很吃惊。“to+one's+表示情感的名词”意为“令某人……”,根据题意知one's可用our,astonish的名词形式为astonishment。答案为To our astonishment, he worked so well.
四、简答题
1. What criterion do we use to differentiate complex prepositions from free prepositional phrases? Is there a clear-cut distinction between them? Why or why not?
The chief criterion to differentiate complex prepositions from free prepositional phrases is. complex prepositions are unalterable but not free prepositional phrases. There isn't an absolute clear-cut distinction between them. In practice, a complex preposition is not always as frozen solid as is supposed. Rather, the distance between a typical complex preposition and a typical free prepositional phrase constitutes a cline that slides from absolutely fixed complex prepositions down to free prepositional phrases where all the components are variable according to the context; a lot of indeterminate cases lie in the middle.
2. What are the functions of prepositions?
Prepositions are mainly used to relate people or things in place or in time. There are also some prepositions that can be used to express other meanings: cause, purpose, manner, instrument, etc.
3. What are the distinctions between "between" and "among"?
Between should be followed by two objects only, and among by three or more. When speaking of clear and exact locative positions we usually use between. Among relates to indefinite positions and carries the meaning of "surrounded by" or "mixed up with".
4. Explain the types of prepositions relating to place and the types of prepositions relating to time.
Prepositions can be used to indicate space in stative sense, such as in, on, or in dynamic sense, such as from, into, and either in stative or in dynamic sense, such as aboard, across; and prepositions relating to time can be divided into durative prepositions, such as during, and non-durative preposition, such as at, and either durative or non-durative prepositions, such as after, before.
5. Point out instances of the durative and non-durative uses of prepositions with reference to temporal relations.
With reference to temporal relations, we use prepositions to indicate the state where someone or something is, i.e. He'll stay here for 3 days. for denotes the temporal duration. We can also use prepositions to indicate the time when an action occurs, i,e. She left home at seven o'clock. Here at denotes the temporal position.
6. What other relations, apart from spatial and temporal, can prepositions indicate?
Apart from the spatial and temporal relations, prepositions can be used to indicate a manner in which an action is done, an instrument with which a task is fulfilled, or a purpose that is aimed at and so on.
7. How many appendices are there in collocations involving prepositions?
There are four appendices: noun+preposition, such as "solution to"; preposition+noun, such as "at one's request"; verb+preposition, such as "appeal to"; adjective+preposition, such as "be intent to".