Ⅳ.Translation1. It's a mass of individuals, struggling to satisfy often—conflicting goals, who set the pace for the American system.
这是一个庞大的由个人组成的群体,这个群体在尽力满足彼此时常对立的需求,正是这些消费者为美国制度的运作定下了基调。
[解析] struggling to satisfy often为动名词短语作伴随状语。Who set the pace for the American system为定语从句,作individuals的定语。
2. To be able to afford these items and still have money left for nonessentials such as travel and entertainment, most families find themselves economizing and watching their pennies.
为了能做到在支付这些项目开销后仍有节余支付像旅行和娱乐等非生活必需品的费用,大多数家庭觉得必须要节俭并精打细算。
[解析] to be able to...entertainment为不定式短语作状语,表目的。find sb.+形容词指发现某人……。
3. Choices made in the economy involve a continuous tug of war between consumers and producers over price.
经济上的取舍决断意味着消费者和生产厂家在价格上所展开的持久的拉锯战。
[解析] made in the economy为过去分词短语作choices的后置定语;a continuous tug of war指拉锯战。
4. Corporate leaders and economists are wondering how much regulation the market system can take before it loses its ability to respond to consumer needs.
公司领导和经济学家们想知道,市场经济制度在无力满足消费者需求时还能维持多久。
[解析] how much...needs为宾语从句;respond to原指回应,这儿指满足;its ability to do sth.指有能力做某事。
5. When prices climb faster than people's incomes, families sooner or later are forced to cut back on buying in order to make each end meet.
当物价上涨超过人们的收入水平时,为了保证收支平衡,家家户户迟早得减少消费。
[解析] when prices...end meet为时间状语从句;sooner or later迟早;be forced to do sth.强迫做某事;make each end meet指为了保证收支平衡。
6. However, all countries do not benefit to the same degree from this program in medicine and hygiene.
并不是所有国家都从医疗卫生的进步中得到同样多的实惠。
[解析] benefit from指从中获利。这是一个简单句,可直译。
7. The same type of populace concentration is true of other continents, although they are of- ten far less populated.
在其他洲,虽然人口少得多,但也有类似的人口稠密区。
[解析] populace concentration指人口稠密区;整句话是由although引导的让步状语从句。
8. Today, too, it takes only one textile worker to supervise the production of as much cotton cloth as 4,000 workers could have produced in the eighteenth century.
在18世纪,4000名工人生产的棉布,如今只需一个纺织工人监督即可以生产。
[解析] it为形式主语,真正的主语为to supervise the production of...workers。
9. A factory is often the property of a society or a government, rather than the property of one person.
工厂常常是社会或政府的财产,而不是哪一个人的财产。
[解析] 这是一个简单句,可直译。其中rather than指而不是。