Ⅳ.Translation1. Despite these efforts, polls show that the public continues to see crime as one of the most pressing problems in society.
尽管如此,民意调查仍然显示,公众继续将犯罪看成是社会上最紧迫的问题之一。
[解析] 这是由despite引导的一个让步状语从句;that the public...in society为宾语从句,可译为:公众继续将犯罪看成是社会上最紧迫的问题之一。
2. Generally, the juvenile system emphasizes treatment and rehabilitation, while the adult system concentrates on punishment of offenders.
总体来说,青少年的审判体系强调对他们的纠正和挽救,而成年人的审判体系则强调对于犯罪者的惩罚。
[解析] the juvenile system指审判体系;while引导的状语从句表转折,可译为:而成年人的审判体系则强调对于犯罪者的惩罚。
3. This report is not designed to present comprehensive answers to all of the questions concerning juvenile crime, but rather it provides basic information on the issues.
这个报告不会对所有有关青少年犯罪的问题作出全面的答复,但是它提供了有关这些问题的基本信息。
[解析] be designed to do sth.指旨在做某事。juvenile crime指青少年犯罪。
4. the juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults.
青少年与成年人不同,所以犯罪的青少年应该受到不同的待遇,青少年审判体系以此为基础不断发展和完善。
[解析] that juveniles are different from adults在这儿为定语从句,作premise的定语;who commit criminal acts...from adults为定语从句,作juveniles的定语。
5. Under certain circumstances, youthful offenders can be tried either as juveniles or as adults.
在一定的情况下,年轻的犯罪者既可能被当做青少年来审判,也可能被当做成年人来审判。
[解析] 这是一个简单句,直译即可。其中under certain circumstances指在一定的情况下;either...or...指或者……或者……。
6. Finally, decent work provides social security and is carried out in conditions of freedom and human dignity.
最后,体面的工作还提供社会保障,并在自由和维护人类尊严的条件下进行。
[解析] 这是一个简单句,其中social security指社会保障;carry out指进行、实施;in the condition of指在……的条件下。
7. They live hand to mouth, day to day, and do not have enough income to support their daily existence—much less put something aside for retirement.
他们的收入仅够糊口,日复一日,没有足够的收入来保障他们的日常生存——更不用说退休金。
[解析] daily existence指日常生存;put sth. aside for sth.指贮备。
8. Instead, they continue to contribute to their households, to their descendants and to their communities, although their contribution may not be paid employment.
相反,他们继续为他们的家人、后代和社区作贡献,尽管他们的这些贡献可能是无偿付出的。
[解析] 这是一个由although引导的让步状语从句;contribute to指为……作贡献;descendants指后代。
9. Health care is an essential part of social protection in any society, and as the global population ages, it is essential that health services adapt to new demands.
医疗护理在任何社会中都是社会保证的一个基本组成部分。随着全球老龄人口的增加,健康医疗服务适应新的需求变得刻不容缓。
[解析] as the...demands是由as引导的一个时间状语从句;health care指医疗护理;adapt to指适应。
10. The overall cost of health care due to aging alone is expected to increase by 41 per cent between 2000 and 2050 (36 per cent for the more developed countries, 48 per cent for the less developed).
仅仅用于老年人医疗护理的总费用在2000年到2050年间预计会增加41%(较发达国家为36%,欠发达国家为48%)。
[解析] health care指医疗护理;increase by指增加。