6. What does the following practice? * Peer and I v. vent to the cinema yesterday. Peter and * I went to the cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the * cinema yesterday. Peer and I zoent to the cinema * yesterday.
A.Stress.
B.Articulation.
C.Liaison.
D.Intonation.
A B C D
A
7. In the year 1962 English became a formal requirement for the entrance examination and began to appear in the curriculum for ______ year of primary schools.
8. One of the features of the Grammar-Translation method is that ______ is the basic unit of language teaching and language learning.
A.word
B.phrase
C.sentence
D.text
A B C D
C
9. Among a number of factors that have made cognitive psychology the dominant approach in the world, the most important one is the development of the ______.
A.Piaget's contribution concerning reasoning abilities of children
B.Chomsky's contribution concerning universal grammar and LAD
C.Computer technology which changed people' s conception of the brain
D.Bruner's theory on active restructuring of knowledge through experience with the environment
14. A Direct Method teacher is usually found using techniques such as ______.
A.direct association and conversation practice
B.question and answer exercises
C.error correction and dictation
D.all of the above
A B C D
D
[解析] 为了实现教学目的,直接法教师通常使用以下几种技巧:直接联系(direct association)、问答练习(question and answer exercises)、会话操练(conversation practice)、纠正错误(error correction)、听写(dictation)等。
Ⅱ.Filling Blanks
1. The theory of learning underlying the Direct Method includes that language and the ______ world are directly associated.
physical
[解析] 直接法的学习理论中认为语言和物质世界是直接联系的。
2. The Oral Approach is a grammar-based method in which principles of grammatical and lexical gradation are used and new teaching points presented and practiced through meaningful activities.
4. In the Direct Method, the target language is used ______ in the language classroom as a means of instruction and communication.
exclusively
[解析] 课堂教学中只用外语来授课和进行交流,完全避免使用母语和翻译练习是直接法的教学特点。
5. The Grammer-Translation Method believes that grammar is the ______ of language, and language materials are arranged according to the grammar system.
7. Cognitive psychologists hold the idea that ______ gives meaning to parts previously incomprehensible.
structure
[解析] 认知心理学把语言结构和人们认知过程的本质相互联系在一起,即学习必须包含所学语言材料的组织(Learning should involve the organization of materials),而学习过程应当是有结构的(Learning should be structured),这种结构给原先不可理解的部分赋予了意义。
8. The experts in grammar analysis and translation approach believed that the mind of human beings could be trained by logical ______ of the classic language, memorization of complicated rules, and translation between languages.
9. According to Curran, there are six elements necessary for non-defensive learning. They are security, aggression, retention, reflection, ______ and discrimination.
10. According to behaviorist psychology, learning a language is a process of acquiring a set of appropriate language ______ chains, a mechanical process of habit formation.
a. Grammar has only the insignificant function of determining how words are used to convey meaning.
①The theory of language underlying the Natural Approach
b. The students are expected to be able to function adequately in the target situation.
②The theory of learning underlying the Natural Approach
c. Learning and acquisition are different processes in second and foreign language development.
③One of the objectives of the Natural Approach
d. Content activities
④One of the main features of the Natural Approach
e. The effective classroom input must be interesting.
⑤One of the techniques of the Natural Approach
2.
①-a
3.
②-c
4.
③-b
5.
④-e
6.
⑤-d
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers
1. What are the teaching objectives of the Grammar-Translation Method?
(1) to read and translate literature (2) to understand the target language (3) to develop learners' minds (4) to gain a better understanding of the first language
2. What are the main disadvantages of the Cognitive Approach?
(1) Teachers find it difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. And students who are slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding. (2) There are not yet complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom use.
3. What are the principles for the selection of language content in language teaching according to the Oral Approach?
The principle for selecting vocabulary is that an essential core vocabulary is covered.Learners should learn the most frequently used words,about 2,000 common core words.The items of grammar are graded following the principle that simple forms should be taught before complex ones.And grammar should be taught inductively and students learn to use a few patterns at a time.These patterns should be interesting and be presented in a carefully ordered sequence.
4. What are the distinguishing features of the Notional-Functional Syllabus?
They were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum,and its contrast with a structural syllabus.
5. What are the main techniques used in a Grammar-Translation classroom?
Translation is the main technique used in a Grammar-Translation classroom. Generally speaking, literal translation should be followed by free translation; and sentence translation followed by passage translation.
6. What concept raised by D. Ausubel functions as a bridge between what learners already know and what they need to know?
The advance organizer is to act as a bridge between what learners already know and what they need to know.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers
1. What are the advantages of the Direct Method?
The following advantages can be found in the Direct Method: ①Use of the target language in the classroom; forming the habit of thinking in the target language. The use of the target language as a means of instruction and communication in the classroom contributes greatly to forming the habit of thinking in the target language, which is necessary in efficient real communication. ②Emphasis on language practice; achieving autonomy in using the target language. The emphasis on practice with new language items and on language skills, rather than on language knowledge is important in achieving autonomy of using the target language. ③Conforming to the objectives of modem language teaching. The emphasis on spoken language conforms to the objectives of modem language teaching. Special attention paid to pronunciation and intonation is desirable in teaching spoken language. ④Favorable atmosphere for learning. Regarding listening and speaking as the basis of reading and writing is strategic in fostering for four skills. ⑤Using full sentences as teaching units makes foreign language learning more natural and efficient for students to understand a new text and acquire a language.
2. What are the function and result of the controversies in ancient Greece?
One controversy was between the naturalists and the conventionalists. The naturalists argued that the form of words reflected the nature of objects. The conventionalists thought that language was conventional and there was no logic connection between form and meaning of words.The other controversy was between the analogists and the anomalists on the regularities of language.The analogists claimed language was regular and there were rules for people to follow. The anomalist maintained there were no rules. Their debate aroused people's interest in language and led them to the detailed study of Greek. The direct result was the appearance a book of Greek grammar. These controversies and other researches on the linguistic theory formed the traditional study of language in ancient Greece--also called traditional linguistics.