1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: Pet Raising. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Pet Raising
Pet Raising
Nowadays, with the improvement of people's living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets. Some raise small dogs or cats as their pets while others raise various birds or fishes as their pets. However, some people object to the idea of raising animals as pets. To them, animals have their own right to live a natural life like human beings. On the other hand, the way people raise animals as pets has a egative influence on the surroundings, such as dogs' chasing people on the street and so on. What's more, some animals will transmit some diseases. In my opinion, I do not like the idea to raise animals at pets. We should not deprive them of their natural right. In this way, we will live in a peaceful world in harmony with the other living creatures.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Rock Solid Readers --How to help your child become a standout student Library day is the best day of school for five-and-a-half-year-old Victoria Lin. She searches for books by her favorite author, Dr Seuss. Her mum has read The Cat in the Hat to her so many times that she can read some of it on her own, with a little help from her memory. She also chooses books she and her dad like to read and talk about, such as non-fiction about firefighters or marine animals. Her family plans to visit an aquarium (水族馆) soon, so the librarian suggests a book on dolphins. Victoria adds it to her own "library" along with one about manatees (海牛) --they fascinate her. Victoria is well on her way to becoming a good reader, which could make all the difference in the world to her future. Decades of research demonstrate that enjoying reading and reading well are the biggest factors in a child's school success. Good readers make great students. They score higher on achievement tests in every year, in all subjects, including maths and science. So what are the secrets of giving your children an academic edge as well as lifelong pleasure? 1. Good readers start out ahead. Reading scores in Year One are a key indicator of school success in Year Eleven. What hap- pens in the very early years has a lasting effect on learning. So try these tips with young children: ·The more you read, talk and sing to babies, the greater their foundation for vocabulary and understanding. The youngest ones are amazingly receptive to language. ·Toddlers (初学走路的孩子) will sit still to interact with books if you arouse their interest with questions like "Who's that?" and "What else do you see?" ·Preschool is the time for children to begin to learn the alphabet, and to become aware of the sounds that make up words--a crucial skill for reading known as phonemic awareness (音位意识). They don't call it that, but Victoria and her mum practice phonemic awareness whenever they're reading her favorite rhyming books. They clap out the syllables in names ("Vic-tor-i-a") or play word games, such as "I'm thinking of a word that starts with the letter E." ·Young school-age kids need lots of practice reading to and with their parents. Try echo reading to build fluency: You read a passage and then let your child read one. Call your child's attention to punctuation and interesting words as you read. 2. Good readers have better vocabularies. Think about the conversations you've had with your child today. There's a good chance that-- because of the busy lives parents lead--most of the words you use are simple, immediate and directive. For example, "It's time to go now!" Especially on our busiest days, it's easy for parents to forget that kids look to us for varied and rich conversations. From Year Three on, kids need to learn about 3000 new words a year--that's eight new words a day. And it takes at least four exposures to make a word their own. To enrich your child's word power, try these ideas: ·Tell stories about the past, present and future. At dinnertime, relate a story about your childhood or ask about an upcoming school event. ·Encourage play. According to child development expert Sue Bredekamp, it's a crucial way for children to develop their language skills. ·Read a variety of books--picture books, stories with rhymes, science or history books that convey cool new information. And engage your child in extended conversations about what you read together. 3. Good readers preview and summarize. As you begin a new book, spend a little time with the cover, suggests Francie Alexander of Scholastic Education. Read the title, look at the illustration and ask your child what she thinks the book is about. Research shows that prediction triggers the deeper thinking that improves comprehension. Every few pages or so, ask your child to retell what's happened; ask what might happen next. 4. Good readers picture a story in the mind. Children who do this are better at remembering details and are much more interested in reading for pleasure. Encourage your child to notice a character's features or clothing, for example. 5. Good readers connect to what they're reading. Comments from you help create engaged readers: "This story reminds me of the time..." or "I wonder if that character...". Soon your child will be eager to make his or her own links. PREPARING your child to be a good reader is one of the greatest gifts you can give as a parent. Kids who often struggle over words and have trouble understanding text find little enjoyment in the process. They avoid reading, and it shows in a study of American Year Five students, the most greedy readers spent more than 50 times as many minutes a day reading for pleasure as less fluent readers. By year's end, the better readers had read more than two million more words, creating an even wider gap of proficiency and knowledge. Academic achievement certainly isn't the only reason to nurture reading skills. For one thing, there is the pure joy of reading. As Jennie Nash, author of Raising a Reader, says in her book, "You can find companionship in books, advice, comfort and delight. You can spend hours alone in a room listening to the quiet music of the written word." Reading can give your child those magic moments and much more.
1. The passage aims to tell parents some secrets on how to help their child become an outstanding student.
Y
[解析] The passage aims to tell parents some secrets on how to help their child become an outstanding student. [定位] 第2段最后一句:So what are the secrets of giving your children an academic edge as well as lifelong pleasure? [解析] 原文的标题就是:“基础扎实的阅读者——如何帮助你的孩子成为优秀的学生”,再加上第2段的最后一句:“那么给予你的孩子学习优势和一生乐趣的秘诀是什么呢?”由此可见,这篇文章的目的就是告诉父母如何帮助孩子成为出色学生的一些小秘诀,所以答案选Y。
2. Good readers score higher in arts subject than in maths and science.
NG
[解析] Good readers score higher in arts subject than in maths and science. [定位] 第2段第3、4句:Good readers make great students.They score higher on achievement tests in every year, in all subjects,including maths and science. [解析] 原文意思是“好的阅读者……在每年的考试中,所有科目都会取得更高的分数,包括数学和自然科学”;至于好的阅读者的文科是否比数学和自然科学好,并不得而知,据此可以判断答案为NG。
3. Reading scores in Year One indicate whether the student will be successful in their future work.
NG
[解析] Reading scores in Year One indicate whether the student will be successful in their future work。 [定位] 第1个小标题Good readers start out ahead下第1句:Reading scores in Year One ale a key indicator of school success in Year Eleven. [解析] 原文的意思是:“1年级时的阅读分数将是11年级时学习是否优秀的关键指标”。而题日却说1年级时的阅读分数标志着该学生“将来工作是否优秀”,这在原文中并没有提到,所以答案为NG。
4. Young school-age kids need reading to their parents, but it is not necessary for them to read together with their parents.
N
[解析] Young school-age kids need reading to their parents,but it is not necessary for them to read together with their parents. [定位] 第1个小标题Good readers start out ahead下最后一个要点的第1句:Young school-age kids need lots of practice reading to and with their parents. [解析] 原文中说“学龄儿童需要多练习朗读给父母听,以及和父母一起阅读”,而题目却说没有必要和父母一起阅读,所以答案为N。
5. Telling stories about the past, present and future may be an effective way to enrich your child's word power.
Y
[解析] Telling stories about the past,present and future may be an effective way to enrich your child's word power. [定位] 第2个小标题Good readers have better vocabularies下第1段最后一句及第一个要点:To enrich your child's word power,try these ideas:Tell stories about the past,present and future... [解析] 对比分析题目和原文,可以看出二者结构虽然有所不同,用词也略有差异,但内容一致,所以答案为Y。
6. Children who often picture a story in the mind can remember details better and enjoy reading more.
Y
[解析] Children who often picture a story in the mind call remember details better and enjoy reading more. [定位] 第4个小标题Good readers picture a story in the mind下第1句:Children who do this are better at remembering details and are much more interested in reading for pleasure. [解析] 对比分析题目和原文,可以看出二者用词和结构虽略有不同,但内容一致,所以答案为Y。
7. Kids who often struggle over words and have trouble understanding text enjoy themselves in the process.
N
[解析] Kids who often struggle over words and have trouble understanding text enjoy themselves in the process. [定位] 倒数第二段第2句:Kids who often struggle over words and have trouble understanding text find little enjoyment in the process, [解析] 对比分析题目和原文,可以看出二者的说法相反,原文是find little enjoyment,而题目是enjoy themselves,所以答案为N。
8. In the conversations with their child, parents tend to use _________________ words because of the busy lives parents lead.
simple,immediate and directive
[解析] In the conversations with their child,parents tend to use _____ words because of the busy lives parents lead. [定位] 第2个小标题Good readers have better vocabularies下第1、2句:Think about the conversations you've had with your child today.There's a good chance that—because of the busy lives parents lead—most of the words you use are simple,immediate and directive. [解析] 空白处应该是形容词作定语,修饰名词words。从原文中可以看出,答案应该是simple,immediate and directive。
9. It is shown by research that deeper thinking that improves comprehension can be brought about by_______________.
prediction
[解析] It is shown by research that deeper thinking that improves comprehension can be brought about by ___________. [定位] 第3个小标题Good readers preview and summarize下的第3句:Research shows that prediction triggers the deeper thinking that improves comprehension. [解析] 空白处应该是名词作介词by的宾语,表示动作bring about的施动者。题目中的be brought about与原文中的trigger是同义词,此外原文是主动语态,trigger的施动者是prediction,而题目是被动语态,因此答案为prediction。
10. According to a study of American Year Five students, ________________spent more than 50 times as many minutes a day reading for pleasure as less fluent readers.
the most greedy readers
[解析] According to a study of American Year Five students,________spent more than 50 times as many minutes a day reading for pleasure as less fluent readers. [定位] 倒数第二段第3句:…in a study of American Year Five students,the most greedy leaders spent more than 50 times as many minutes a day reading for pleasure as less fluent readers. [解析] 空白处应该是名词短语作主语,对比题目和原文,可以看出答案为the most greedy readers。
[解析] M: Do you want the same cut as last time? W: The same on top, but I'd like a little longer over the ears and in the back. And have the hair on the forehead trimmed. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
[解析] W: I'll cancel the portion of Pairs to London and then make a new reservation for you. Then write out the ticket for you. M: That's fine. Can you please tell me the departure time again? Q: What's the man doing now?
[解析] W: How did you make out your course? I think it's not a easy job for me. M: Not for me really. The only thing I haven't understood is the reading we did last night. Q: How was the man doing in the work?
[解析] M: Your computer makes such a loud noise. I guess it must be something wrong. You'd better have it checked out. W: You are right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough. Q: What will the woman probably do?
[解析] W: I'd like you to go to the exhibition with me this evening M: I'm exhausted. You must manage it without me tonight. Q: What does the man mean?
[听前猜测] 由选项可知对话与两人去看展览有关。 [精解] 细节理解题。女士请求男士陪她一起去看展览,但是男士说他太累了,女士只能自己去看展览。对话中的mange it without me说明了要女士自己去看,故答案为C)。
6.
A.Pay the extra postage.
B.Send EMS.
C.Walt a few days to send the mail.
D.Send the package by himself.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: If I send this package third class. how long will it take to arrive? W: About two weeks. If you use EMS, it is a little bit expensive but it can get there within two days. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
[解析] W: I'm not surprised you didn't like that movie at all. It doesn't worth that money for the admission. M: I like watching horror movies. But the scenes on this movie make me feel more sick than horrible. Q: what does the man think of the movie?
[解析] W: I lived with my sister this summer and didn't have to pay the rent. so I was able to save most of my salary. M: Not me. The more I earned, the more I spent. Q: What does the man imply?
[解析] M: Hi Diana, mind if I sit down? W: Not at all, Jerry. How have you been? M: Good. But I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the shop? W: No. I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we can. M: I'm sure you are right. The diesel bus isn't exactly pollution free. W: True. They'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class. M: What could the city do? Install pollution filters in all their buses? W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on the fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient. M: How? W: Well, there is a material that's a really good insulator. And a thin coat of it gets sprayed on the certain part of the engine. M: An insulator? W: Yeah. What it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely. M: So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air. W: And the bus will need less fuel. So with the saving on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months. M: Sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray their car engines. W: Well, it's not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are fine powder. To melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. It's not something you or 1 will be able to do ourselves.
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
本题可先用排除法去掉两个答案,再从“A new fuel for buses”和“A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses”两个答案中选择。根据句子“Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient”,可选出正确答案。 [问题类型] 主题归纳题 [相关信息] Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.
10.
A.Her car is being repaired.
B.The cost of fuel has increased.
C.Parking is difficult in the city.
D.She wants to help reduce pollution.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why does the woman take the city bus instead of driving her car?
对话开头部分男士与女士在公交车上相遇,男士因女士没自己开车而惊讶。从女士的话可得出答案:I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could. [问题类型] 细节理解题 [相关信息] thinking a lot about the environment, ...the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation...
11.
A.An insulating material sprayed on engine parts.
B.An oil additive that helps cool engines.
C.A material from which filters are made.
D.A fuel that bums cleanly.
A B C D
A
[解析] What is an insulator here?
从女士的话“Well, there is a material that's a really good insulator. And a thin coat of it gets sprayed on the certain part of the engine.”可得出答案。只要抓住“sprayed”一词,就能选对答案。 [问题类型] 细节推论题 [相关信息] ...a material that's a really good insulator; ...a thin coat of it gets sprayed on the certain pan of the engine.
[解析] M: Excuse me. I left my key in my room. I've locked myself out. W: Don't worry. You only need to go down to the front desk and ask for a spare key. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
13.
A.She'll have pizza.
B.She is overweight.
C.She is losing weight.
D.She is slim now.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: What should we have for dinner this evening'? How about pizza? W: I love it. But I've put on a little weight. I have been on a diet and exercising these days. Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
14.
A.The man has a busy schedule today.
B.The woman has some time to help the man.
C.The woman will give a speech next week.
D.The man doesn't need the woman's help.
A B C D
C
[解析] M:. Oh, Diane, I'd appreciate it if you could help me with the speech I'm giving next week. How's your schedule today? W: Well, it's pretty busy this morning, but I'll have some time between two and four. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
15.
A.It is too noisy to write a novel there.
B.It can give him some inspiration.
C.It can help the woman write a novel.
D.It can contain many people.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: I've heard that you're working on a new novel in a coffee house. But isn't it too noisy? M: I don't mind. By contrast, I quite like there, because I can see a variety of people who can give me some inspiration. Q: What does the man say about the coffee house?
16.
A.Change his clothes at the fitness center.
B.Buy jeans at the fitness center.
C.Go home to change his clothes.
D.Not wear jeans any more.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: Excuse me, Sir. Please change your clothes first! No jeans are allowed at our fitness center. M: Oh, that's the only place where jeans are not popular. I'd better just go home. Q: What will the man most probably do?
[解析] After retiring from 30 years of teaching, Ethell Pepper could easily have decided to sit back and relax and enjoy a peaceful retirement. But that kind of life is not for Ethell Pepper. "I just wanted to do something different. If you are going to participate in life, do it. Don't just sit down and look out of the window." She says. At 68, she decided to become one of the pioneer participants in a program at the University of California. The program offers campus housing and classes to people over sixty. She enrolled in a class called Human Relationships and a Diverse Society. "I taught my minority students in my English and drama classes in high school for 20 years. But in this course, I found out a lot about other cultures that I didn't know them one of the most important lessons that I'm learning is to perceive, not to judge." Older adults can add to the educational resources of university by bringing with them a Jot of valuable experience. Their presence on campus helps break some long believes on aging. Young students may have fears of growing old. But that kind of fear can be reduced as they see that older people can be alive, healthy, and continue to contribute to society. The younger students can begin to see aging as a natural part of living.
What did Ethell do when she was 68? 题目问Ethell在68岁的时候做了什么。文章说到加州大学为60岁以上的老年人提供了一个上大学的机会,她报名参加了一个“人际关系与多样化社会”的课程。可见D) 正确。
2.
A.8 years.
B.16 years.
C.20 years.
D.30 years.
A B C D
C
[解析] How long did Ethell teach minority students? 题目问Ethell教过多少年的少数民族学生,文章提到“I taught my minority students in my English and drama classes in high school for 20 years(我在中学教了少数民族学生20年的英文和戏剧课) ”。显然 C) 正确。
3.
A.Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus.
B.Bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.
C.Improve human relationships in university.
D.Improve the reputation of the university.
A B C D
B
[解析] What do elderly people do to the university? 题目问老年人为这所大学做了什么。文章提到“Older adults can add to the educational resources of university by bringing with them a lot of valuable experience(老年人把自己很多有用的经验带到学校,为学校增加了很多教育资源) ”。B) 的表述与此一致。
4.
A.She is learning how to teach minority students.
B.She is learning how to make sound judgments.
C.She is learning to perceive, not to judge.
D.She is learning English and Drama.
A B C D
C
[解析] What's the most important lesson Ethell is learning? 题目问Ethell正在学什么最重要的东西。文章提到“one of the most important lessons that I'm learning is to perceive,not to judge(我学到最重要的东西就是要理解,而不要判断) ”,故C) 正确。
A.The workers on the underground platforms were replaced by machines.
B.It became the first completely automatic railway in the world.
C.A completely automatic line was added to its network.
D.Its trains became computer-controlled.
A B C D
B
[解析] The world's first completely automatic railway has been built under the busy streets of London. The railway is called the Victoria Line, and it is part of the complete London underground railway. The new Victoria Line was opened in 1969. This stations on the other lines need a lot of workers to sell tickets, and to check and to collect them when people leave the trains. This is all different from the Victoria Line. Here a machine checks and collects the tickets, and there are no workers on the platforms. On the train, there is only one worker. If necessary, this man can drive the train. But usually he just starts it; it runs and stops by itself. The trains are controlled by electrical signals which are sent by the so-called "command spots". The command sports are the same distance apart. Each sends a certain signal. The train always moves at the speed that the command spots allow. If the command spot sends no signals, the train will stop. Most of the control work is done by computers. The computers also fix the train's speeds, and send the signals to the command spots. Other machines make sure that the trains are always a safe distance apart. If one train stays too long at a station, the other trains will then automatically move slower. So there is no danger of accidents on the line. 32.What happened to the London underground railway about three decades ago? [答案详解] 细节辨认题【考频:16】。本题关键句为“The world's first completely automatic railway has been built under the busy streets of London…The new Victoria Line was opened in l969.”1969年第一条全自动地铁在伦敦开通。故正确答案为B)。
6.
A.A platform worker.
B.A computer.
C.The command spot.
D.A machine.
A B C D
D
[解析] On the Victoria Line,who does all the checking and collecting of tickets? [答案详解] 事实细节题【考频:67】。本题关键句为“Here a machine checks and collects the tickets,and there are no workers on the platforms.”有一台机器用于检票、售票,月台上没有工作人员。故正确答案为D)。
7.
A.To drive the train after it is started automatically.
B.To start the train and to drive it when necessary.
C.To take care of the passengers on the train.
D.To send commanding signals to the command spot.
A B C D
B
[解析] What is the task of the worker on the Victoria Line train? [答案详解] 事实细节题【考频:67】。本题关键句为“On the train,there is only one worker.If necessary,this man can drive the train.But usually he just starts it;it runs and stops by itself.”火车上只有一名工作人员。如果需要的话由他来驾驶火车,不过通常他只需启动火车,火车能自动运行和停止。故正确答案为B)。
8.
A.It will stop automatically.
B.It will move on at the same speed.
C.It will gradually slow down.
D.It will keep a safe distance from the other trains.
A B C D
A
[解析] If no signal is sent from the command spot,what will happen to the train? [答案详解] 事实细节题【考频:67】。本题关键句为“If the command spot sends no signals,the train will stop.”如果指令点没有信号发出,火车会停下来。故正确答案为A)。
A.To include mass production and the assembly line among Henry Ford's accomplishments.
B.To report the origin of the minimum wage.
C.To credit Henry Ford with industrial reforms.
D.To defend Henry Ford's practices.
A B C D
C
[解析] Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production,he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today's standards. Safety measures were improved,and the work day was reduced to eight hours,compared with the ten-or tweleve-hour day common at that time.In order to accommodate the shorter work day,the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts. In addition,sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those iniured on the jop were instituted.The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and anEnglish language school for immigrants.Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for foruler convicts. The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wagethat was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions.Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing.He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced—in effect creating a market for the product.In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits,including sobriety,thriftiness, industriousness,and dependability.Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himselftoo much in the personal lives of his employees,there can be no doubt that,at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways,Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.
Section C We generally view the family as being one of our most stable institutions: yet, our family sys tern has 1 a number of changes in the past. Two hundred years ago, marriages were often arranged by parents, with economic 2 being the most important factor of who married whom. Two hundred years ago, divorce was 3 ; now, more than one out of three marriages are in 4 . Two hundred years ago, women did not work out of the home, and children were an economic 5 ; now nearly 50 percent of married women work outside the home, and children are a 6 responsibility. In our 7 society, the family is now changing even more rapidly than it did in the past. In 8 the future of the American family, some authorities foresee the family as racing toward extinction. They say that 9 , and this will be its only function. Family optimists, on the other hand, predict the family's entering a Golden Age—an era where 10 . Most sociologists, however, do not agree with either the pessimists or the optimists; instead, 11 , many of which will probably be thrown away, but some likely to be found satisfying and functional and gradually becoming "typical".
这是undergo的过去分词,意为“经历,遭受”。冒号在这里的作用是引出一个分句,对冒号之前的句子进一步说明;分句中的yet表示转折,表明这个分句是对前面内容的反向说明。从changes和stable电可以看出这一点,虽然它们词性不同,但在意义上是相反的。我们通常把the family看作是最稳定的团体之一,但是in the past我们的family system却有过a number of changes。分句中缺少一个动词,所填词和changes构成动宾搭配,表示“经历”的意思,而且所填词前的has表示此处要填入动词的过去分词。
意为“资产,财产”。这句话分号的用法和上一句相同,而且分号两边的结构十分对称。Two hundred years ago和now对应,women did not work out of the home和nearly 50 percent of married women work outside the home对应,那么剩余的部分也应该对应。因此。所填词应该和responsibility一样都是名词。在这里asset引申为“有价值的人(或物)”,电就是说,两百年前孩子可以为家庭带来经济利益。
意为“迅速的”。所填词修饰society,为一形容词,空后the family is now changing even more rapidly than it did in the past也起提示作用。
8.
viewing
所填词用于in doing sth.结构,作这句话的状语。foresee是句子的谓语,它包含the future的意思,所填词和the future构成的动宾搭配应该在语义上和foresee相符,viewing the future意为“展望未来”。
9.
the family is dead except for the first year or two of child raising
[解析] the family is alive only in the first year or two of child raising
10.
the members will have more leisure time to spend with each other and will derive considerable enjoyment from family-type activities
[解析] the members will have more time to spend with each other and will enjoy family-type activities much more
11.
they argue that the family is experimenting with a number of novel types and forms
[解析] they argue that the family is trying many new types and forms
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Mental health and emotional health now become daily concern. The 1 in which a person deals with everyday life is called that individual's mental health. A person with good mental health has high self-esteem and is able to be part of 2 relationships. A person who is mentally healthy mast be 3 healthy. People who are both mentally and emotionally healthy have a sense of control, have the ability to endure difficulties, can see things in a 4 way, and can express emotions in a healthy way. Mentally and emotionally healthy people are more 5 to become the best they can be. A famous 6 named Abraham Maslow made a hierarchy of needs. He said these 7 had to be 8 in order for that to happen and so the person can get the most out of life. A person has to have food, water, sleep, and exercise. Then the person needs shelter. A person needs love, affection, and acceptance. Then the person needs self-respect. Finally, a person can aim to be the best. Along the way of 9 to be the best, you may experience many emotions, or feelings. It is important to ex- press them in a constructive way. It helps to talk to others, blow off steam, or be creative. Talking can help work things out. Play a sport to let off steam. Paint or sing to 10 tension. A. environment B. psychologist C. aiming D. increase E. positive F. needs G. negative H) satisfied I) mentally J) harmonious K) physicist L) likely M) emotionally N) release O) state
从词语的搭配来看,选项中能和tension搭配的只有increase和release。从前文的Talking can help work things out.Play a sport to let off steam可以看出,在作者眼中,paint or sing有助于释放压力,因此应选release。
Section B
Passage One Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That's because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses--flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine(疫苗) , which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症) , a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.
1. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ______.
Passage Two The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870's, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring, and reheating iron ore. Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle (易碎的). As the air shot through the furnace, the bubbling metal would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled, the metal had been changed, or converted, to steel. The Bessemer Converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel in a mater of minutes. Just when the demand for more and more steel developed, prospectors, discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120-mile-long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam shovels. Barges and steamers carded the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots (车站) on the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed, Gary, Indiana, and Toledo, Youngstown, and Cleveland, Ohio, became major steel-manufacturing centers. Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all. Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy-seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900.
1. According to the passage, the railroad industry preferred steel to iron because steel was ______.
A.cheaper and more plentiful
B.lighter, and easier to mold
C.cleaner, and easier to mine
D.stronger and more durable
A B C D
D
第一段第3句:铁路部门希望用钢轨来代替铁轨,因为钢比铁坚固10—15倍,使用寿命是铁的20倍。
2. According to the passage, how did the Bessemer method make the mass production of steel possible?
A.It directed air at melted iron in a furnace, removing all impurities.
B.It slowly heated iron ore, then stirred it and heated it again.
C.It changed iron ore into iron, which was a substitute for' steel.
D.It could quickly find deposits of iron ore under the ground.
Part Ⅴ Cloze There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960s. During the 1960s eight 1 new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by 2 old colleges of technologies into universities. In the same period the 3 of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to more than 200,000. By 1973 about 10% of men 4 from eighteen to twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are 5 institutions. Each has its own governing councils, 6 some local business men and local politicians as 7 as a few academics. The state began to give 8 to them fifty years ago, and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its 9 from state grants. Students have to pay fees and living costs, 10 every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full 11 , including lodging and food unless his parents are 12 Most students 13 jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not 14 do outside work during the 15 year. The Department of Education takes 16 for the payment which covers the whole 17 of the universities, but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence 18 new developments through its power to 19 funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly 20 of academics.
1.
A.essentially
B.completely
C.remarkably
D.comparatively
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义衔接题。根据下文ten other new ones were created...(另外十所大学是通过将老的技术学院成大学而创建的),所填空格与该句在文中是对比关系,因此选择[B](completely),构成completely new“全新的”。
2.
A.altering
B.transferring
C.converting
D.varying
A B C D
C
[解析] 义衔接题。根据上题分析,让老的技术学院成为大学.最适合的动词是[C]convert“转化,转变”。convert特指把(某物)转变成另一种形式、物质、状态或结果,如That building has been converted into a school.(那座楼房改成学校了。)[A]alter指“变更,改变(使与原来不同)”,指局部性的改变,如These clothes are too large; they must be altered.(这些衣服太大,得修改。)[B]transfer“转移,转换”,指主体空间的位移或关系的变化。如transfer property(转移财产);[D]vary“改变,使不同”,如vary one's diet/habit(改变饮食/习惯)。
3.
A.amount
B.quantity
C.population
D.number
A B C D
D
[解析] 语义衔接题。根据下文from 70,000 to more than 200,000,此处应指的是学生的人数,故选[D] (number)。[C]population指“(世界/一国/一地区内的)人口”不用于普通单位的“人数”;[A](amount)、[B] (quantity)均不可修饰人。
[解析] 语义衔接题。空格前面是“管理委员会”且紧跟逗号,空格所填词与其后的商人、政治家等并列成分形成动宾关系,故应选[A]include“包括,包含”。[E]consist“由...组成”,为不及物动词,与of连用后跟宾语,如The United Kingdom consists of England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland.联合王国由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成。[C](make)、[D](take)与题意不符。
7.
A.good
B.long
C.little
D.well
A B C D
D
[解析] 惯用衔接题。空格前后是列举管委会的成员,属于并列的成分,因此应选[D]well,构成as well as“电,又”,如The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.(编辑和校对者都在加班工作。)[B] as long as“只要”,如I will cooperate ns long as I am notified in time,“只要及时通知我,我就会合作。”[A]as good as与[C] as little as属于比较级,不符题意。
8.
A.grants
B.pensions
C.revenues
D.degrees
A B C D
A
[解析] 语义衔接题。根据文意,本处应该填的是国家对大学的一种支持行为,在参照下文by 1970 each university derived...from state grants就可得出本题的答案为[A]grant“补助金,拨款”。grant常指国家、集体为资助某项事业进行的资助,如federal grants for space exploration.“空间探索的联邦资金”。[B]pension“养老金,退休金”、[C]revenue“(国家/集体)收入,税收”、[D]degree“学位”均与题意不符。
[解析] 惯用衔接题。Take a job是固定用法,意为“找到工作”。[C]derive也表示“得到”,但该词侧重于事物的来源,常与from搭配,表示“得白”,如derive a conclusion from facts,(从事实推出结论。)[A]earn“赚,挣得”;[D]offer“提供”不合逻辑。
[解析] 惯用衔接题。空格所在分句是说明前面University Grants Committee的,空格前body是其同位语,空格后是academics“大学教师”,因此该空格表示的是组成关系,故选[B]composed。be composed of 意为“由...组成”。consist为不及物动词,表示“由...组成”时须与of连用,如The audience consisted mainly of teenagers.(观众主要是青少年。)故排除[A]consisted。be made of表示“由...做成/构成”,着重于对原材料的分析,如Paper is made from wood.(纸是用木头做的)。
Part Ⅵ Translation
1. The photographer ______ (碰巧在场) when the gangsters robbed the bank.
happened to be on the spot
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
2. ______(辞去现有的工作太不慎重了)before you are offered another one.
It would be imprudent of you to resign from your present job
[解析] ①固定词组:resign from...“从…辞职”;②核心词汇:imprudent“轻率的,鲁莽的”。 [拓展] 还可译为:It's thoughtless of you to resign from your present job。
3. It's really none of my business,______(但是你介意我问你一个问题吗)?
but would you mind if I asked you a question
[解析] 虚拟语气。Would you mind if...结构常用于请求对方允许,语气比will you mind if...更委婉。 [拓展] mind doing…“介意做某事”,mind my doing…“介意我做某事”。
4. ______(所有的家庭作业都提前完成了),he enjoyed the rest of his holiday.
All the homework having been finished ahead of time
[解析] 独立主格结构。此部分带有自己的逻辑主语all the homework,因动作发生在谓语的动作之前,所以用having been finished。 [拓展] 还可译为:With all the homework finished ahead of time。
5. ______ (看起来他似乎命悬一线)under such a dangerous condition.
It seemed that his life was hanging by a thread
[解析] 固定用法:hang by a thread“千钧一发,危在旦夕”。 [拓展] 还可译为:His life seemed to be hanging by a thread。
6. ______(要是他系了安全带的话),he might be still alive now.