(1) Nowadays, social practice has been more and more popular in universities. Surely social practices bear many advantages. Firstly, social practice can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people. In this way students can gain some valuable social experience, which will be useful to their future career. Secondly, students can (2)apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly. Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial rewards and make them more independent. (3) However, (4) some problems may arise if no correct guidance is given. For example, some students get much too interested in social practice and tend to (5)work full-time to earn money, thus neglecting their studies. In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know their objectives. They should put their studies in the first place and regard social practice just as a helpful supplement, so they ought to try to (6) strike a balance between social practice and their studies.
(1)首段阐述社会实践的益处。 (2)apply…to“把…应用于”。 (3)第二段引出社会实践的弊端。 (4)some problems may arise“会引起一些问题”,是亮点表达。 (5)work full-time“全职工作”。 (6)strike a balance between…“把两者安排得当”。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Are we ready for the library of the future?
Librarians or providers of tech support? Librarians today will tell you their job is not so much to take care of books but to give people access to information in all forms. Since librarians, like so many people, believe that the entire universe of commerce, communication and information is moving to digital form, they are on a reform to give people access to the Internet—to prevent them from becoming second-class citizens in an all-digital world. Something funny happened on the road to the digital library of the future, though. Far from becoming keepers of the keys to the Grand Database of Universal Knowledge, today's librarians are increasingly finding themselves in an unexpected, overloaded role: They have become the general public's last-resort providers of tech support. It wasn't supposed to be this way. Today's libraries offer a variety of media and social-cultural events—they are "blended libraries," to use a term created by Kathleen Imhoff, assistant director of the Broward County Library of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. At the newly remodeled San Francisco Public Library, the computers are prominently displayed in the center of the Library building while the books are all but hidden on the periphery. Imhoff's own library has word processing and other types of software for visitors to use, Internet access, audio CDs, videotapes, concerts, lectures, books and periodicals in three forms (print, microfiche and digital). Many libraries have found that this kind of "blending" is hugely popular in their communities, and librarians explain the changes in their institutions' roles by pointing to the public demand for these new services. But other trends are at work, too. Can computers really help visitors to find what they want? For some time, libraries have been automating their back-end, behind-the-desk functions for reasons of cost and convenience, just like any other business. Now, the computers have moved out from behind librarians' desks and onto the floor where the visitors are. This means that, suddenly, library-goers will have to know how to use those computers. This sounds reasonable enough until you take a close look. Unfortunately, the same technology that cuts costs and relieves librarians of work behind the scenes increases it for the public-and for the librarians at the front desk who have to help the public figure out how to use the technology. The unhappy result: People are simply not finding the information they seek. If you are just coming to the library to read a book for pleasure and you know what a card catalog is and you have some basic computer skills, then you are going to be OK. But if you are trying to find some specific information—say, whether software in the classroom helps kids learn belter or the causes of lung cancer or the basic procedure for doing a cost-benefit analysis of computer systems (three topics I have actually tried to look up in the San Francisco Library)—then you're in trouble. What should a visitor of the future Library be equipped with? To begin with, library visitors must now be able to type, to use a mouse and a menu and to understand the various types of computer interfaces (terminal text, windows and browsers). It's also nice if you know 17 different ways to quit a program, which electronic databases you should look in for what kinds of information, the grammar necessary to define your search and the Library of Congress' controlled vocabulary. After I had been to the new San Francisco Library three times, I started keeping a folder of instructions on how to do a keyword search (fi a = author, for example), since I would forget between visits. Probably half the population has never used a computer, fewer know how to type and almost nobody knows anything about electronic databases or searching grammar. As a result, the public library is now engaged in a massive attempt to teach computer literacy to the enth-e country. Some librarians compare it to the adult literacy programs the library also sponsors, but this is on a far larger scale—and less closely tied to the library's traditional mission. What do libraries do to help visitors to get prepared for the future libraries? The response at each library system has been different. Some libraries actually give courses in word processing, accounting program and so on. But even at libraries where the staff has resisted becoming computer trainers, they are still forced to devote significant resources to the problem. Such has been the case in San Francisco, where people with disabilities can sign up to use the voice-recognition program Dragon Dictate—but only if they can prove they already know how to use the software. The librarians have neither the time nor the peculiar skill (nor the time to develop the skill) to teach it to them. At the reference desks, librarians try not to spend a lot of time teaching people the basics of how to use the computer, but sometimes it's unavoidable. "We try to get them started," says business librarian John Kenney. "We let them do as much as they can on their own and they come get us. It's certainly a big problem. " The San Francisco Library offers classes on its own electronic catalog, commercial periodical indexes and the Internet twice a week as well as occasional lectures about the Internet. Although it seems odd to me that people now need to take a two-hour class before they can use the library, the classes are always full. But despite the excellent teachers, two hours is simply not enough to meet the needs of the students, many of whom have never used a computer before in their lives and many of whom simply can't type. When I took the class one Tuesday, the man sitting next to me said he has used the library's computer catalog many times, but he keeps making typing mistakes without knowing it. This unexpectedly throws him into the wrong screens and he doesn't know how to get back. On the floor, he repeatedly has to ask a librarian for help. Libraries' own trouble "Providing technology does not mean people can use the technology," says Marc Webb, a San Francisco librarian and one of the teachers. "Half the voters are still trying to read English. " The library has also had to deal with the practical difficulties of making its catalog accessible via the Internet, a new service many libraries are starting to offer. "It's absolutely overwhelming," Webb says. " Everyone is getting to us with multiple transports, they're all using different software, they have Winsock or Telnet set up differently, and suddenly the library is forced to become a hardware and software help desk. When you're trying to tell someone over the telephone how to set up Winsock through AOL when this is the first time they've ever used a computer, it's very difficult. "
1. In today's libraries, the librarians are people who ______.
A.take care of the books
B.conduct better-reader programs
C.provide tech support for the public
D.help promote the popularity of the library
A B C D
C
2. According to Kathleen Imhoff, libraries at the present time are ______.
A.traditional libraries
B.blended libraries
C.digital libraries
D.high-tech libraries
A B C D
B
3. What is said about the San Francisco Public Library?
A.There are only computer databases, without books.
B.Books are no longer open to the general public.
C.Computers are more prominently displayed than books.
D.The number of librarians has been deceased sharply.
A B C D
C
4. Libraries have been automating their back-end, behind-the-desk functions in consideration of ______.
A.cost and convenience
B.advancement of technology
C.the demands of readers
D.the number of visitors
A B C D
A
5. If you have some basic knowledge of card catalogue and computer skills, you will be able to ______.
A.find a software that helps improve learning ability
B.find a procedure for doing financial analysis
C.know the causes of lung cancer
D.read a book for pleasure
A B C D
D
6. What programs are sponsored by public libraries?
A.Wildlife protection programs.
B.Adult literacy programs.
C.Environmental research programs.
D.Family planning programs.
A B C D
B
7. Dragon Dictate is the software which is used to help ______ in library use.
A.school children
B.the blind or deaf
C.elderly people
D.the disabled
A B C D
D
8. The San Francisco Library requires its visitors to take a ______ course before they can use the library.
two-hour
9. The man sitting next to the author in the class could not open the right screen because of his ______.
typing mistakes
10. Recently, many libraries are trying to provide the visitors with a new service: ______.
[解析] M: I can't get that washing machine downstairs to work. This is the fourth time it has been out of work. Do you have any suggestions? W: Maybe you can try washing just half of the normal load. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
[解析] M: I get a feeling that Sally never really listens to me. She never takes my words seriously. W: You said it. It's as if she was always using the time to think about what she'll say next. Q: What does the woman imply about Sally?
[解析] M: What do you think of the suit? With this new job, I've got to start dressing professionally. W: Well, the style is fine. You might want to reconsider the choice of color. Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] M: You won't care if we arrive at the soccer game late, will you? You know in this rush hour, we can hardly move forward for half an hour. W: You must be joking! My sister is one of the star players. Q: What does the woman mean?
[听前预测] 选项主语都是she,根据关键词soccer推测问题与女士和球赛有关。 [答案解析] 男士问女士是否介意晚点到赛场,因为是交通拥挤时间。女士说You must be joking!说明她介意,并说自己的妹妹是其中的明星运动员,即女士想看妹妹比赛,故选B) 项。
5.
A.It's time-consuming.
B.It's easy to complete.
C.It's extended for two weeks.
D.It's required to be handwritten.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: What do you think of the assignment we just got in Dr. Bennet's class? We are required to finish a 25-page paper in two weeks. W: Only if we could go with just 5 hours of sleep everyday. Q: What does the woman imply about the assignment?
[解析] M: Hello, QUICK SEND Company. Can I help you? W: This is Judy Law calling from HP. Can I speak to your client manager Peter Sun? M: Speaking. W: Mr. Sun, I am calling to ask about the delivery of our copy machine. M: So you mean it’s late or…? W: Yes, I was told it would arrive here yesterday afternoon, but up till now, I am still waiting. M: Well, I am very sorry about your situation and please tell me your order number. W: It’s CM6754. M: A moment please…Yes, it should have been OK by yesterday afternoon and there must be something wrong in the delivery department. So, Mrs. Law, I promise to give you a reply within half an hour as well as a solution. W: Actually, the late delivery has affected our daily work already and we really can’t wait any longer. M: OK, I see what you mean. I apologize for the late delivery and I am sure it is going to be ready this afternoon at the latest. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
[解析] W: What a shame about your accident! What a way to end your holiday! M: Yes, it was bad luck. I suppose I should have been more careful. Q: What are they talking about?
信息明示题。女士说是事故导致子男士假期的不愉快,男士回答说自己本该更加小心的,由此可知他们在谈论事故而非假期,所以D正确。 [考点] 感叹词一般置于句首,间或也可穿插于句子中间,常见的感叹词除了what以外,还有how,why,oh, ah, oh dear, my lord,good heavens,gracious me 等。如:Why,it's nearly ten o'clock. Let's hurry up.啊呀,快十点了!我们快点吧! shame 除了表示“羞耻,惭愧”之意,还可表示“惋惜的事”,如:What a shame that I couldn't attend your birthday party.我没能参加你的生日聚会,真可惜!
10.
A.She prefers the stadium.
C.The light isn't bright enough.
B.She agrees with the man.
D.The dining hall isn't large enough.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: The light in this dining hall is too bright, don't you think? W: I think it's perfect for a football stadium. Q: What does the woman mean?
[解析] W: Were you in London two years ago, Mr. Jacobs? M: No, I was in Canada. I'm an Australian, but I went to Canada three years ago. Q: What nationality is Mr. Jacobs?
[解析] M: Excuse me, please! Where's the school? W: Which one? The Infants' School is over there. The Boys' School is on the right. The Girls' School is straight ahead on this street. Q: Where is the Boys' School?
信息明示题。女士说The Boys’ School is on the right,由此可知,B正确。本题的关键是分清不同学校所处的不同方位。
14.
A.Crown's.
C.Peter's.
B.Mrs. Peterson's.
D.Mr. Peterson's.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: I much prefer Mrs. Peterson's lessons. I've got pages of notes from her lessons. I've got nothing from Crown. W: Perhaps you don't need to take notes in Crown's lessons. It's easy to remember what he tells you. Q: Whose lessons does the man like more?
信息明示题。男士开始便说I much prefer Mrs. Peterson's lessons,由此可知,他喜欢彼得森女士的课,所以B正确。
15.
A.Dentist and patient,
C.Roommates.
B.Schoolmates.
D.Workmates.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: Mrs. Wilkins, I'd like you to meet Denise. She's at school with me. W: Hello, Denise. Pleased to meet you. Q: What's the relationship between Denise and the man?
综合推断题。男士说She (Denise)'s at school with me,at school 意为“在学校,在求学”,由此可知,两者是校友,故B正确。
16.
A.Because she was not at home.
C.Because she was washing her hair.
B.Because she didn't hear the telephone ting.
D.Because she didn't want to answer.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: Where were you last night? W: I was in all evening. The phone rang while I was washing my hair. I couldn't answer it. I'm sorry. Q: Why didn't the woman answer the telephone?
[解析] Life as we know it would simply not exist without plants.[29] Biodiversity—the web of all life on Earth—depends fundamentally on plants and fungi.Plants are used by every human being on the planet,every single day.Just think of what you ate for breakfast this morning,the cup of coffee at your desk,the clothes you’few earing.Plants provide the human race with food,fuel,medicine,clothing and shelter,whether we live in the countryside or a modem city,in Europe or in sub—Saharan Africa.Plants provide invaluable services,they provide US with the very air we breathe,clean water and fertile soil and they help regulate the climate.Plants also provide habitats and food for mammals,birds and invertebrates around the globe.[30] But we are living in an age of acute plant blindness.Somehow,while we make great strides in technology,many of as have forgotten the fundamental importance of the very things on which our lives ultimately depend.Plant diversity is being destroyed at a greater rate than ever before and much of this is due to habitat loss through changes in land use.[31]We believe that economic development must go hand in hand with care for the environment.At the Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew,and other botanic gardens around the world,our plant scientists and horticulturists are working towards effective,science—based conservation solutions to ensure that we leave a healthy and hopeful world to the next generation. What does biodiversity depend mainly on,according to the passage? [解题思路] 1.四项均由两个并列的名词构成。 2.四项均含有plants。 [结论] 本题很可能考查与植物有关的内容。听音重点为animals、fungi、human beings和earth。 [解析] 本题问生物多样性的基础是什么。文章开头提到,生物多样性主要依赖于植物和真菌。故本题选B。
2.
A.Plants cannot see.
B.Plants are invisible.
C.Human beings cannot recognize certain species of plants.
D.Plants are damaged rather than protected by human beings.
A B C D
D
[解析] What does the phrase“plant blindness”refer to? [解题思路] 1.四项均含有plants。 2.两项含有human beings。 [结论] 本题很可能考查植物与人类的关系。听音重点为cannot see、invisible、recognize和damaged。 [解析] 本题是细节题,问的是文中的plant blindness指的是什么。文中提到,植物是人类生存和生活的基础,然而随着科技的进步,很多人遗忘了植物的重要意义和作用,植物的多样性正由于人类的各种活动而遭到前所未有的破坏。四项中,只有D项与这一意思一致,故为正确答案。
3.
A.Plant more crops in the countryside.
B.Build more habitat regions for human beings.
C.Work out more plant protection and regeneration methods.
D.Ensure great advancement in technology and economy.
A B C D
C
[解析] In order to leave a healthy and hopeful world to the next generation.what do we have to do? [解题思路] 1.四项均为动宾短语。 2.两项含有与植物有关的词汇(plant,crops)。 [结论] 本题很可能考查与植物相关的某种行为。听音重点为more crops、habitat regions、protection and regeneration以及technology and economy。 [解析] 题目问的是为了给我们的下一代留下一个健康而充满希望的世界,我们应该怎么做。文中提到,经济发展必须和环境保护相结合,目前,世界上的植物科学家和园艺师正携手研究更有效和科学的环境保护方法,以确保给我们的下一代留下一个健康而充满希望的世界,故本题选c。
[解析] Diet, diet, diet! It gets to be a constant battle for many of us to stay fit and healthy. But diets don't always allow us to learn new eating habits, improve our self-image, or make lifestyle changes. Developing good eating habits and proper exercise is a permanent issue. And it's the main topic of this workshop. In order to keep a healthy diet and minimize the risk of disease, it's essential to eat a diet that consists of low fat foods and to maximize energy with carbohydrates. Beef, nuts, oils, and most dairy products are rich in fat, so you should eat less of those; while pastry, rice, potatoes, and bread contain almost no fat and are a high energy source of complex carbohydrates. You know that many food manufactures use sugar to make low fat or fat free foods taste good, but don't worry too much about that. You don't necessarily "get fat" by eating sugar, since sugar is an indirect fat. When you exercise, carbohydrates are the first calories to burn, if you want to burn off fat, it's good to do some sort of aerobic exercise such as biking, swimming, running, or fast walking. But you have to keep doing this exercise for at least twenty minutes because it takes about that long before we start to burn fat. And then the effect of burning fat decreases after forty-five minutes of exercise. So if you do some sort of aerobic exercise for three to four days a week for about thirty to forty minutes, you'll have an affective schedule for reducing weight. What is the main topic of this talk?
8. What does the speaker tell us about the common cameras'?
A.They can help take pictures of cars on highways.
B.They can help send fines to speedy motorists.
C.They can help catch cars breaking traffic rules.
D.They can help make the traffic run smoother.
A B C D
C
[解析] For years it has been possible to set up cameras to take pictures of cars as they speed along highways,jump lights or drive too fast down the street. However.even if the pictures are taken automatically.someone still has to do all the paperwork of issuing fines.But now a British company called EEV has come up with a computerized video system that can do it all automatically. They suggest that all number plates have a bar code as well as the usual number.The bar codes are just stripes of lines like those you see on food packets but bigger.EEV's high speed video camera system can read a bar-coded number plate even if the car is doing over 100 miles per hour.The computer controlling the system could then use the information from the bar code to find out the flame and address of the driver from the car records,print out the fine and send it off automatically.The inventors also suggest that the system could watch traffic to help catch stolen cars. The new electronic system could be watching everyone that passes the cameras!Many people find the idea that"big brother is watching you"is more of a worry than a few motorists getting away with driving too fast. Besides,some people will be very unhappy to realize that with the new system,the police could find out where a Darticular car has been. [解析] 短文一开始就说到,近些年来照相机一直可被用于拍下违规超速驾驶或者闯红灯车辆的照片。C是此内容的同义改写,故正确。 [点睛] 短文中提到的照相机只对违规行驶的车辆拍照,而A将范围扩大至所有车辆,故错误;这些照相机只负责拍照,不负责寄送罚单,故B电不正确;D的内容未提及。
9. what do we know about the new video camera system?
Section C Today, I'll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modem invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist 1 that light darkened silver salt, a chemical 2 . Using as a cameras a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made 3 images on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of film today. Then a French scientist made the first 4 picture by using a special piece of metal 5 with silver salt. A photography he made in 1826 still exists. The painter Dagera 6 on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal This was in 1839, the 7 date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the 8 of the photographs, And 9 In 1860's, Matthew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States and Edwards Land, 10 . If we say that the photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that 11 .
[解析] Today, I'll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modem invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist(36)discovered that light darkened silver salt, a chemical(37) compound. Using as a camera, a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made(38) temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of film today. Then a French scientist made the first (39)permanent picture by using a special piece of metal(40)sensitizedwith silver salt. A photography he made in 1826 still exists. The painter Dagera (41)improved on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the (42)official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the (43)printing of the photographs. And (44)it wasn't until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible and photography became truly modern. In 1860's, Matthew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States and Edwards Land, (45) the former simplified film developing, while the latter invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film. If we say that the photography came into existence in 1839,it follows that (46)it has taken more than one hundred years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.
2.
compound
3.
temporary
4.
permanent
5.
sensitized
6.
improved
7.
official
8.
printing
9.
it wasn't until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible and photography became truly modern
10.
the former simplified film developing, while the latter invented the so-called instant camera with self -developing film
11.
it has taken more than one hundred years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months 'of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 1 to know my way around the continent.' Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 2 to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, 3 unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up 4 and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable 5 I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad 6 . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even 7 bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition 8 . But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine river in a 9 . And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can 10 wonders. A. accomplish I) manufacture B. advanced J) moments C. balloon K) news D. claim L) reduced E. constantly M) regret F. declare N) scary G. interviews O) totally H) limited
1.
D
could hardly claim to know...几乎无法自称知道……claim后常接动词不定式。
2.
H
was limited to局限于。
3.
O
totally unfamiliar with...对……完全不熟悉。
4.
G
set up interviews安排会面访谈。
5.
M
with considerable regret深感遗憾地。
6.
J
There were some bad moments也有糟糕的时候。
7.
B
advanced bookings提前预订。
8.
N
...the new,the different,is almost by definition scary新的、不同的事物几乎总是令人害怕的。
9.
C
flown up the Rhine River in a balloon乘坐气球飞向莱茵河上游。
10.
A
accomplish wonders创造奇迹。
Section B
Passage One An English-schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a more standardized accent and ask: "Excuse me, sir, may I have the correct time please?" People are generally aware that the phrases and expressions they use are different from those of earlier generations; but they concede less that their own behavior also varies according to the situation in which they find themselves. Not only this, but in many cases, the way someone speak affects the response of the person to whom he is speaking in such a way that "modeling" is seen to occur. This is what Michael Argyle has called "response matching". Several studies have shown that the more one reveals about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will let out. Response matching has, in fact, been noted between two speakers in a number of ways, including how long someone speaks, the length of pauses, speech rate and voice loudness. The correspondence between the length of reporters' questions when interviewing President Bush, and the length of his replies has been shown to increase over the duration of his 2005-2007 news conferences. Argyle says this process may be one of imitation. Two American researchers, Jaffe and Feldstein, prefer to think of it as the speaker's need for balance. Neither of these explanations seems particularly convincing. It may be that response matching can be more profitably considered as an unconscious reflection of speakers' needs for social integration with one another. This process of modeling the other person's speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence (聚合). It may only be one aspect of a much wider speech change. In other situations, speech divergence (分离) may occur when certain factors encourage a person to modify his speech away from the individual he is dealing with. For example, a retried general's wife, renowned for her continuous snobbishness (势利), may return her vehicle to the local garage because of inadequate servicing, voicing her complaint in elaborately phrased, yet mechanically unsophisticated language, with a high soft-pitched voice. These superior airs and graces may simply make the mechanic reply with a flourish of almost incomprehensible technical terms, and in a louder, more deeply lowered voice than he would have used with a less angry customer.
1. The example of the English schoolboy was used to show that ______.
A.English schoolboys respect teachers more than they respect their friends
B.young people have different ways to ask time from the previous generations
C.younger generations vary their speeches more than the previous generations
D.even the same person will speak in different ways in different contexts
A B C D
D
[解析] 由题干中的The example of the English schoolboy定位到原文首段前两句An English schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would much... and ask... the correct time please? [精析] 推理判断题[考频:66]。原文首段最后转折词but所引导的句子说,但是他们很少承认他们自己的行为也会根据他们所处的环境发生变化。这里的“行为”就是上文例子中的讲话,由此可以推知,英国学生的例子是为了表明同一个人也会在不同的环境中使用不同的方式讲话。故D)为正确答案。 [避错] 原文只是提及了两种不同话语,并没有对其尊重性进行对比,排除A)“英国学生尊重老师胜过朋友”;原文只是说“通常说来人们都清楚他们用的词语和表达方式与以前的几代人不同”,并没有明确年轻人间时间的方式与上一代的不同,故排除B)“比起上一代人,年轻人有不同的问时间的方式”,原文只是提及“他们用的词语和表达方式与以前的几代人不同”,没有对话语转化的频度进行比较,故排除C)“年轻人比上一代人更易转化话语”。
2. If one wants to get more personal information from others, the best way is to ______.
A.tell them more general information about oneself
B.tell others more secrets about oneself
C.become their intimate friends by long conversations
D.imitate others in their speeches in more detailed ways
A B C D
B
[解析] 由题干中的personal information定位到原文第二段末句Several studies have shown that the more one reveals about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will let out. [精析] 事实细节题[考频:51]。该句的比较级句式说,一个人在一般的交谈中越多地暴露自己的秘密,而且暴露的细节越具有隐私性,那么另外一个人就可能越多地吐露私人秘密。由此推知,要想让别人吐露秘密,最好的方式就是自己吐露更多的秘密。B)与之相符,故为正确答案。 [避错] 由原文比较级句式可知,暴露的是秘密而非一般情况,故排除A)“告诉他们更多自己的一般情况”;原文虽提及要靠交谈,但并没有说是长时间的,也没有说成为知心朋友,故排除C)“通过长时间交谈成为他们的知心朋友”;原文说首先要自己暴露秘密,也即自己的话语模式让别人模仿以达到目的,可知D)“通过更细致的方式模仿别人的话语”逻辑上不符,故排除。
3. According to the author, the correspondence between the lengths of reporter's questions and Bush's answers increased because speakers ______.
A.are trying to be accepted by others without even knowing it
B.have a strong demand for balance when they are speaking
C.always have an instinct to imitate the people they are talking to
D.themselves want to know each other well
A B C D
A
[解析] 由题干中的Bush可以定位到原文第三段第二句The correspondence between the length of reporters' questions when interviewing President Bush, and the length of his replies has been shown to increase over the duration of his 2005—2007 news conferences. [精析] 目的原因题[考频:24]。题干问的是“作者”认为记者所提的问题的长度与总统的回答长度之间的一致性明显提高的原因。在原文第三段末尾,作者提出“这两种解释都不是特别具有说服力。把‘反应配对’理解为说话人想要融入彼此的一种无意识的反映可能更好些。”A)“说话人努力去被别人接受而不自知”,就是一种“无意识地融入彼此”,故为正确答案。 [避错] 由原文“Jaffe和Feldstein倾向于认为这是由于讲话人有寻求平衡的需要”可推知B)是作者否定的解释之一,故排除;由原文“Argyle说这一过程可能就是一种‘模仿”’可推知C)也不是作者的观点,故排除;D)“说话者们想更好地了解彼此”并未在原文提到,故排除。
4. What can we learn about speech convergence from the passage?
A.It means all of a much wider speech change.
B.It only happens during the interviews.
C.It means to follow the other's speaking style during conversations.
D.It was first concluded by Argyle after his interview with Bush.
A B C D
C
[解析] 由题干中的speech convergence可以定位到原文第四段首句This process of modeling the other person's speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence. [精析] 语义理解题[考频:37]。由该句“这种在谈话中模拟他人讲话的过程也可以被称作话语会聚”推知,C)“在谈话中追随别人的话语方式”为正确答案。 [避错] 由原文“它可能只是更宽范围的语言变化的一个方面”可排除A)“它意味着更宽范围的语言变化的全部”;原文说“在谈话中模拟他人讲话的过程”,并未特指只发生在采访中,故排除B);原文中Argyle只是提及了相似的观点,并没有说他是第一个提出的,而且也没有说是他采访了布什,故排除D)。
5. The example of the retired general's wife and mechanic is mentioned in the text to show that ______.
A.wives of high ranked official are usually very pride to poor people
B.modeling is not the only way people respond in different situations
C.there is a distinct speech difference between rich people and the poor
D.the poor tend to pretend to be well-educated in front of the rich
A B C D
B
[解析] 由题干中的retired general's wife和mechanic定位到原文末段第四句For example, a retried general's wife, renowned for her continuous snobbishness...。 [精析] 推理判断题[考频:66]。原文末段举例之前说,模拟可能只是更宽范围的语言变化的一个方面。在另外一些情况下,当某些因素促使讲话人想要让自己的话尽量有别于听者的时候,则会发生话语离散。换句话说,语言变化除了模拟(modeling)还有别的形式,就是采取有别于听话人的说话方式讲话。然后举出将军妻子的例子。由此可以推知,该例子是为了证实“模仿不是人们在不同环境中唯一的反应方式”,故B)为正确答案。 [避错] A)“高官衔军官的夫人通常在穷人面前很骄傲”,而原文只是举例,不能说明这是普遍情况,排除;原文叙述的是两入各自的话语行为的变化,并非两人之间的对比,故排除C)“穷人和富人之间存在明显的话语区别”;原文虽提及“机械师可能会用大量的难以理解的技术术语”,但并非假装受到良好教育的倾向,而是“讲话人想要让自己的话尽量有别于听者”,故也排除D)。
Passage Two Insurance companies provide a service to the community by protecting it against expected and unexpected disasters. Before an insurance company will agree to insure anything, it collects accurate figures about the risk. It knows, for example, that the risk of a man being killed in a plane accident is less than the risk he takes in crossing a busy road. This enables it to quote (报价) low figures for travel insurance. Sometimes the risk may be high, as in motor-racing or mountaineering. Then the company charges a much higher price. If too many climbers have accidents, the price rises still further. If the majority of climbers fall off mountains, the company will refuse to insure them. An ordinary householder may wish to protect his home against fire or his property against burglary. A shop-keeper may wish to insure against theft. In normal cases, the company will check its statistics and quote a premium (保险费). If it is suspicious, it may refuse to quote. If it insures a shop and then receives a suspicious claim, it will investigate the claim as a means of protecting itself against false claims. It is not unknown for a businessman in debt to burn down his own premises (房产) so that he can claim much money from his insurance company. He can be sure that the fire will be investigated most carefully. Insurance companies also accept insurance against shipwreck or disaster in the air. Planes and ships are very expensive, so a large premium is charged, but a reduction is given to companies with an accident-free record. Every week insurance companies receive premium payments from customers. These payments can form a very large total running into millions of dollars. The company does not leave the money in the bank. It invests in property, shares, farms and even antique paintings and stamps. Its aim is to obtain the best possible return on its investment. This is not as greedy as it may seem, since this is one way by which it can keep its premiums down and continue to make a profit while being of service to the community.
1. According to the first paragraph in the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.A passenger by air will take less risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.
B.A passenger by air will take greater risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.
C.A passenger by air will have to pay more to the insurance company than a mountain climber.
D.A motorist should pay the highest price to the insurance company.
A B C D
A
2. From the passage, we know that if accidents will happen nine times out of ten or more, the insurance company will ______.
A.give a much higher price
B.quote the highest price
C.not provide insurance service
D.charge a lower premium
A B C D
C
3. According to the passage, if an air plane has an accident-free record, it usually pays to the insurance company ______.
A.a large premium
B.less premium
C.no premium
D.the same premium as the other companies
A B C D
B
4. Which of the following will the insurance company NOT provide insurance service for?
A.Mountaineers.
B.Ordinary householders.
C.Airlines with an accident free record.
D.Shop keepers with suspicious statistical records.
A B C D
D
5. The main idea of the last paragraph is ______.
A.that the insurance company is greedy of profit
B.that the insurance company makes large sum of money every week
C.that the insurance company makes a great profit by investing its money in different item
D.to show the insurance company makes use of its income and the reason why it should do so
A B C D
D
Part Ⅴ Cloze Let's try to find out why getting fiber from whole foods is important for a healthy diet. Fiber has never been 1 you'd call a healthy nutrient. Suddenly, it's a superstar: Manufacturers are 2 it to yogurt, juice, even 3 sweetener. But as with many 4 , there's an unseemly back story: Experts aren't sure that these fiber-boosted foods are 5 trying. Yes, you should eat lots of fiber. There's no question that a diet 6 in high-fiber foods is a powerful lifesaver-it's known to 7 the risk of heart disease and diabetes, and it helps 8 weight gain. Recent studies show a fiber-rich diet cuts the risk of breast cancer, too, and the 9 you'll develop cancer of the small intestine. But the new foods might not 10 . That's 11 many of them use "isolated" fiber—stuff that's been 12 out of the foods that 13 contained it, says nutrition expert Tara Gidus, RD. Isolated fibers are 14 and don't turn juice and yogurt 15 a delicious, grainy food. The downside: There's 16 evidence that they protect 17 chronic diseases. So go 18 and try a glass of fiber-boosted grape juice, or stir some 19 into your coffee along with your artificial sweetener. Just don't forget to also eat more whole grains, beans, and fruits and vegetable—they're 20 lifesavers.
[解析] 固定搭配题。本处意思是:专家们并不确定这些食品值得尝试。be worth doing“值得做”,故选C)worth。 [避错指导] A)worthy“值得的”,可作表语和定语,有be worthy to do sth. 和be worthy of doing sth. 的用法;B)essential“不可或缺的,必要的”,通常与to搭配,后接名词;D)objective“客观的”,也不接动名词形式,且含义不符。
6.
A.abundant
B.sufficient
C.steady
D.effective
A B C D
A
[解析] 固定搭配题。本处意思是:一种富含膳食纤维的饮食对生命健康大有帮助。前一句Yes, you should eat lots 0f fiber. 刚提到多摄入纤维对健康有帮助,因此此处需要表示丰富的词。故选A)abundant, be abundant in表示“富含…,富有…”。 [避错指导] B)sufficient“足够的,充分的”直接形容某种事物充分,而不是事物中某种含量丰富;C)steady“稳定的”和D)effective“有效的”含义与题意不符。
1. As is known to all, toys ______. (对于我们的童年是不可或缺的).
are indispensable to our childhood
[解析] ①“不可或缺的”indispensable;②“童年”childhood。
2. These applicants would like to __________ (尽可能地给领导留下好印象).
leave a good impression on their potential employee
3. I had to admit that it was ________________(由于我的疏忽).
because of/owing to my ignorance
4. He may be a little careless in his work but no one can __________(对他的领导能力提出质疑)
call in question his leadership
考查点:①短语“对…提出质疑”,可译为call in question;②“领导能力”用抽象名词leadership。
5. His salary as a director is much higher______________________________(和老师的工资相比).
His salary as a director is much higher compared with that of a teacher.
[解析] “和……比较”:be compared with。 [名师点睛] 应注意“be compared with”与“be compared to”的区别,前者指“和……比较”,而后者则指“被比作……”,如Our work can be compared to a battle.(我们的工作好比一场战斗。)