1. 我国教育一直采用应试教育 2. 是否继续应试教育,人们看法不同 3.我认为... On the Education for Examination
[参考范文一] On the Education for Examination Nowadays, our country is still adopting the education for examination. At school, teachers pay more attention to the students' scores in exams than their overall quality, which results in an overemphasis on exam performance. While quality education is becoming widespread, it has aroused great concern throughout China whether we should bring the education for examination to an end. Different people hold different opinions about this issue. Some people support the education for examination because they think the examination is the best and easiest way to test the students' ability, while others are strongly against it because they think such kind of education will limit the students' creativity. I agree with the latter opinion. First, students’ creativity is completely eliminated by the education for examination, because their only purpose of learning is to pass exams. Second, it is bed for their health. Facing so many exams, students have to work very hard all day long without any physical exercises and are in danger of being turned into studying machines. So I think we should stop the education for examination.
[参考范文二] On the Education for Examination Dated back from Sui Dynasty, the education for examination has existed in China for ages. With this kind of education, students are required to think and talk in an identical way to meet the demands of tests, At the same time, parents and teachers tend to evaluate the students by their scores in exams. Nowadays in China, many people consider the education for examination is the best and easiest way to test the abilities of students. However, in some parts of the country, schools are starting to adopt quality education which pays less attention to exam scores and encourage students to develop their individualities and creativities. Those people think the education for examination should be stopped. Personally, I am in favor of giving up the education for examination, because it can easily force the students into question-answering machines and cat the throat of a genius. With this kind of education, for students getting higher scores will be the only purpose of learning, and learning will soon become a boring burden. Therefore, I think the education for examination should be brought to an end.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Fantasy Flight: Chiaki Mukai, Japan's First Female Astronaut Raised by a working mother in Gunma Prefecture, a place known for dry winds and tough women, Chiaki Mukai decided she wanted to become a doctor while she was still in elementary school. At 32, she was a cardiovascular(心血管的)surgeon and chief resident at the Keio Hospital in Tokyo. Then she saw the newspaper ad that changed her life. The beginning of a dream The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) was looking for astronauts. What really shocked Chiaki, as she prefers to be known, was that there were no gender restrictions. She suffered for three days. Weightlessness has much to offer scientific research, she thought. If I don't try, I'll regret it for the rest of my life. "I had no idea what to expect," Chiaki said, giving one of her trademark smiles. "But I started two training programs the day I sent in my application. First, I started learning English. Then I began working out with weights." Her English study program was entirely self-constructed. She made English labels for everything in the house. "I wanted it to seem like I was living in an English-speaking country," she explained. She answered the phone in English. She read English-language books. In August 1985, NASDA chose three payload specialists for the 1992 Spacelab-J launch — Mamoru Mohri, Takao Doi, and Chiaki Mukai. Chiaki's journey to the stars had begun. The journey to space "You can never give up," Chiaki says. "The life of Marie Curie taught me that. I read time and again how she struggled with her home, her children, and her scientific dream. And she achieved her goals — even though it cost her life.' "My mother is the same kind of woman. She didn't want to depend on someone else for her livelihood, so she opened a haberdashery(男子服饰用品店)in our hometown. She still runs it." Chiaki's mother didn't blink an eye when her daughter told her of being chosen as an astronaut. "You never know what life's going to deal you," she said to Chiaki. "So you must do what you really want to." Once she started her training for space, Chief's roster(名单)of heroes grew longer. "Yuri Gagarin was the pioneer," she said. "I have immense respect for him. And Nell Armstrong — it was really great, what he did. That must have been a 'fantastic voyage'. But then all the people I worked with at NASA and NASDA are heroes in their own way. So how do I choose? Chiaki gestured at the bustle(喧嚣)of Tokyo outside the window. "From here, we can't see very much. But from 300 miles up, you realize how small the earth is. But you know what I first learned in Orlando, Florida — at Disneyworld." Which brings Chiaki to another of her heroes: Walt Disney. Like Chiaki, he was a dreamer. And he shared his dreams of fantastic worlds with others. She is fascinated by the way his movies, gentle and natural, teach us about humanity. "Disney, and science fiction writers like Arthur C. Clarke, realized the Earth is just a small planet without having to go into space. Their accomplishment is much greater in a way than ours. We saw with our eyes. They saw with their minds' eyes." The first Japanese astronaut to fly an American space shuttle was Mamoru Mohri, who went as payload specialist on the Spacelab-J, a flight funded largely by Japan. Chiaki and Takao Doi backed him up. After Mohri's flight touched down, Chiaki journeyed back to Japan to begin work in the microgravity lab at Tsukuba. But word soon came that she had been chosen as payload specialist for the International Microgravity Laboratory-2 (IML-2), so she returned to take up the training where she'd paused. "Mohri was chosen to fly the Japanese-funded space shuttle, so there was never any doubt that he'd go. But the IML-2 was an international flight. NASA didn't have to choose me. And there were half-a- dozen well-qualified alternatives who could have gone in my place. The pressure is tremendous. ' Chiaki says she had a hard time understanding jokes told in southern accents. "Flying is fine. Acronyms(首字母缩拼词) are easy to learn, so you don't even have to speak in sentences. But jokes. Whew! Or tales about family. Any time the subject strayed from work, I was in trouble. ' In preparation for her flight, Chiaki took more than a thousand of the training flights that give passengers twenty seconds of weightlessness. "Twenty seconds is nothing like the real thing," Chiaki says ruefully. "No matter how many times you do it." The dream came true On 8 July 1994, a quarter of a century after Neff Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the surface of the moon, the IML-2 mission blasted off. Soon the shuttle Columbia was in orbit, and Chiaki's work began. Before the shuttle touched down two weeks later, she had appeared on children's television, played midwife(接生婆)to a brood of newts(蝾螈), used her own body to record the effects of weightlessness on human beings 82 experiments in all. "Way out there, looking down at the curvature of the earth, I couldn't help thinking what a small world this is. Compared to all of outer space, Earth is like one tiny plankton (浮游生物) swimming in a vast ocean. Yet look at the power of mankind. Look where we are, 300 miles above the surface. We're so very fragile, yet so very strong. "Back on earth, I made an astounding discovery. When you let go of things, they drop! I was constantly reminded of Earth's tremendous pull. For nearly three days after touchdown, every step reminded me of gravity. Every move I made was a tussle with weight. Yet after three days, my body adjusted. Isn't that marvelous?" While scientists continue to research the many implications of weightlessness, Chiaki envisions great medical benefits from microgravitational situations. Rehabilitation (康复)would make tremendous strides, she maintains. "People with handicaps in full gravity might not have them in zero gravity conditions. They could practice movements at zero, 0.25 G, 0.5G, and so on until they were competent at normal gravity. " To understand the functions of the eye, we remove all light, Chiaki explains. To understand the functions of the ear, we remove all sound, and work from there. So she says that removing the weight of gravity will bring mankind new understanding of how the human body works. The impossible dream Cervantes is another Chiaki hero.., or perhaps we should say Don Quixote. "I love Man of La Mancha. I cry every time I see it." She hums: "To dream the impossible dream .... " "I like the way they translated that song into Japanese," she says. "Instead of ' impossible dream', it comes out unreachable dream and means that as soon as you have fulfilled one dream, another even more vivid dream forms." She stands in her grey-green double-breasted suit and thrusts out a hand. Her grasp is firm, like her vision. With a smile, she strides away. Back to her laboratory in Tsukuba. Where she'll work regular 12- hour days..., reaching for the stars.
1. Raised by a working mother, Chiaki Mukai dreamed of becoming an astronaut when she was still a child.
N
2. Chiaki Mukai was surprised to learn that women could also apply for the position of an astronaut.
Y
3. Chiaki Mukai's mother was against her daughter's choice because she thought that being an astronaut was dangerous.
N
4. Chiaki Mukai was the first Japanese astronaut to fly a space shuttle.
N
5. Chiaki Mukai was chosen by NASA because she was female and warm-hearted.
NG
6. Seen from the outer space, the earth is much smaller than the other planets or stars.
NG
7. After returning from her flight, Chiaki Mukai had difficulty in adjusting to the gravity on the earth.
Y
8. Being in a situation of weightlessness will help mankind further understand ______.
how the human body works
9. According to Chiaki Mukai, the impossible dream or unreachable dream means once one has realized one dream, ______.
another even more vivid dream forms
10. To Chiaki Mukai, her next dream may be ______.
[解析] M: Exercise, exercise, exercise. We hear so much about it these days yet even the experts cannot agree on which exercises are the best. W: (19)However, you see, we do need exercises because we are getting lazy for keeping fit, and the health strength exercises And all of them can give the full reasons for their support. Now some doctors are strongly encouraging me to do arm exercises. W: Arm exercises? Is that because your arms are too fat or flabby? M: Actually, that's not the main reason. (20) They say that arm exercises are an ideal way to become physically fit. W: But don't arm exercises raise your blood pressure? M: They do, But the article I read mentions ways to make up for that. M: (21)By adding leg exercises, so the arms don't do all the work. Arm exercises aren't enough. It is said that the more of the body that involves in the exercise, the better. W: And in turn, I'm sure that there is a greater chance of losing weight. M: Sounds right to me. W: So. what exercises do the experts recommend? M: They mentioned quite a few. (22)But some of the more popular ones are cycling with special bicycles that make you use both your arms and legs, and walking vigorously while you wear arm weights. W: I must try that. I like walking. What is the woman's opinion towards exercise?
C.Because it is an ideal way to keep physically fit.
D.Because the advice is put forward by the experts.
A B C D
C
[解析] According to this passage, why is the man especially encouraged to do arm exercises?
[听前猜测] 选项为原因的表述,内容与为什么采取某种锻炼方式有关。 [精解] 细节题,题干询问为什么男士被鼓励进行上肢锻炼。文章中有关原因的描述为They say that arm exercises are an ideal way to become physically fit. 故答案为C.
3.
A.To practice more arm exercises.
B.To make up for the shortage of leg exercises.
C.To involve more parts of the body into the exercises.
D.To lose weight before taking arm exercises or leg exercises.
A B C D
C
[解析] What are the experts in the article now recommending?
[听前猜测] 选项为不定式形式,为针对某个问题将要采取某种行为。 [精解] 题干中询问专家如今对人们运动方式的建议是什么。关键句为It is said that the more of the body that involves in the exercise, the better.专家认为运动中身体部分参与的越多,效果越好,因此答案为C)。
4.
A.Walking far on foot.
B.Cycling with special bicycles.
C.Taking Yoga courses.
D.Long-distance running.
A B C D
B
[解析] What form of exercise is more popular now according to the man?
[解析] M: I'd like to return this textbook. Some pages are missing. W: You'll have to see the manager about that. Q: Where does this conversation most likely take place?
由“manager”一词排除A项。C项中“news-stand”意为“报摊”,D项中“department store”意为“百货公司”。 [问题类型] 细节理解题 [相关信息] return this textbook, manager
6.
A.Teacher and student.
B.Landowner and tenant.
C.Manager and employee.
D.Travel agent and customer.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: Mr. Smith, I wonder whether it's possible for me to take a vacation early next month? M: Did you fill out a request form? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
女生用的句型很委婉、很客气,表明两人之间地位的差别;而vacation, a request form则可将答案确定为C。 [问题类型] 推论题 [相关信息] I wonder whether it's possible…,vacation,a request form
7.
A.Move the washing machine to the basement.
B.Turn the basement into a workshop.
C.Repair the washing machine.
D.Finish her assignment.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: Mary is in the basement trying to repair tile washing machine. W: Shouldn't she be working on her term paper? Q: What does the woman think Mary should do?
[解析] W: Hello, Mr. Cooper. [23]I'm Lina Redner, sales representative for Scarecrow Advertising Company. M: [24]I don't think we have an appointment. W: No, we don't. You'll have to excuse me for this. M: Since you are already here, what can I do for you? W: Well, as far as I know, your company was founded three years ago and your business has been quite good for the past two years. M: I'm quite busy, Miss Redner. If you don't mind, just get straight to the point. W: OK. [23]I believe that you must have seen a lot of S.A.C. designed TV commercials and billboards, and if we cooperate, it'll certainly make your products better known and sold. What do you think? M: [24]I'm quite satisfied with the company that designs our advertisements at present. W: Don't say no for no's sake, please. [23]Here are some samples of our designs. Have a look, if you please. M: All right... They're pretty good but... W: [25]The payment we ask for is very reasonable. Besides, you won't have the bondage of a contract. If you're not satisfied with us, we'll refund the money. But, of course, such a thing has never happened. We'll redo the commercial or billboard over and over again until you're satisfied. M: [24]There's no harm in giving it a try, I think. Leave your card. I'll call you when the next new product is ready to go on the market.
What is the woman trying to do in the conversation?
9.
A.Impatient but then reluctant.
B.Indifferent but then interested.
C.Convinced but then reluctant.
D.Accepted but then impatient.
A B C D
B
[解析] Which can best describe the man's reaction to the woman's words?
10.
A.Some customers have got their payment back because they're not satisfie4
B.The company will redo the products again and again until the customers are satisfied.
C.The company does not sign a contract with its customers concerning its service.
D.The man will use the company's service when he has a new product.
A B C D
B
[解析] What do we know about the service of the woman's company?
[解析] M: Hi, Sally! It's been ages since we met last time. How are you getting along with everything? W: It's all right! And OK with you? M: Yeah, but you look a little upset today. Anything wrong? W: (19) Oh, I've got a problem with my daughter Christina. She's seventeen now. And next year she'll go to college. (20) But all in her mind are only fashions and boys but learning. M: Sally, it's quite normal for girls of Christina's age to focus on the opposite sex and fashions alike. We used to be young, right? W: But her grades slipped sharply. Without good grades, you'll never enter a top university. Without college degree, how can you get a job, let alone a good job in the future? M: Then I think what you need is to sit down and have a talk with her. W: Talk about what? She knows everything. Her father gets some money to send her abroad after graduation. Christina is surely clear about that! M: But even if she will go abroad someday, she has to learn English well anyway, right? W: That's the headache! (21) I've signed up for a language training session for her already. Anyway, she has to work hard by herself. M: (22) Why not talk everything with her teacher in school? It will help! W: Great idea! I've never thought about that. I'll take it to her teacher tomorrow. Thank you! M: My pleasure. I did it for my son last time! Why was Sally upset?
[一点即通] 从对话中可以听出,在男士询问女士为何看起来烦恼的时候,女士道出了她为女儿的事情担心,很显然,从But后面的解释可以看出learning(学习)是她最烦恼的问题。故选D)项。 [未听先知] 根据选项中的daughter,study,fashion and boys,English,language training class等信息,可以推断本段对话可能与女儿学习以及女儿可能有的坏习惯等有关。
12.
A.She only focuses on fashion and boys.
B.She only focuses on her study.
C.She only focuses on her father.
D.She only focuses on her mother.
A B C D
A
[解析] What's wrong with Christina?
[一点即通] 对话中很明显,all in her mind are only fashions and boys but learning.(她满脑子全是时尚,男孩,就是没有学习),女士的女儿因为着迷于时尚与男孩,而导致了她的学习下滑,这令女士很烦恼。故选A)项。
13.
A.Taught her English herself.
B.Went to talk with her teacher.
C.Signed up for a language training class for her.
D.Talked with her friend.
A B C D
C
[解析] What did Sally do for her daughter's going abroad after graduation?
[一点即通] 在男士认为对方的女儿即使出国的话,也应该学好英语,女士马上就告诉他,她已经为女儿报了英语培训的课程。 sign up for“报名参加…”。故选C)项。
14.
A.Talk with her teacher.
B.Talk with her friend.
C.Talk with her classmates.
D.Talk with her father.
A B C D
A
[解析] What is the man's suggestion to Sally about her daughter?
[一点即通] 该问题的答案在对话的最后部分可以听出,男士建议女士与其女儿的老师谈谈,且It will help(会有效的)!故选A)项。
A.They think they should follow the current trend.
B.Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.
C.They have jobs and other commitments.
D.Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.
A B C D
C
[解析] When people care for all elderly relative, they often do not use available community services, such as adult day care centers. (29) If the care givers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse, usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. (30) Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate and corporative. However, even when care giving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer care givers and potential care givers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may want to live with their adult children. (31) Care givers must also learn to state their needs and opinions dearly and ask for help from others especially brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help but they may not know what to do.
Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents?
此选项中的commitments与相关信息中的responsibilities同义。 [问题类型] 细节理解题 [相关信息] ...because they often have jobs and other responsibilities.
2.
A.They don't want to use up all their life savings.
B.They would like to spend more time with them.
C.They fear they will regret it afterwards.
D.They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.
A B C D
A
[解析] Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes?
此选项与相关信息相符。 [问题类型] 细节理解题 [相关信息] ...in order not to use up their life savings.
3.
A.Provide professional standard care.
B.Be frank and seek help from others.
C.Be affectionate and cooperative.
D.Make full use of community facilities.
A B C D
B
[解析] According to the passage, what must care givers learn to do?
理解相关信息可推断出此答案。 [问题类型] 细节推论题 [相关信息] ...learn to state their needs and opinions clearly and ask for help...
[解析] People dream four to six times a night. They dream while they are in the REM stage of sleep, which means rapid eye movement stage in one's sleep. Sleepers go into the REM stage about every 90 minutes. The first dream of the night may last about ten minutes. Each dream gets a little longer. The last dream of the night may be an hour long. People need their dreams. Younger children spend more time dreaming. Babies spend almost half of their sleep in the REM stage. One experiment showed that everyone needs to dream. Doctors gave some people sleeping pills. These sleeping pills didn't let them go to REM sleep. After a few nights without dreams, they began to feel bad. They became angry easily, they worried a lot, and they wanted to fight with everyone. Then they stopped taking the sleeping pills. They all began to dream all night for a few nights to catch up. Why do people dream? Dreams give them time to find the answers to some of their problems. If they think they will have difficult problems the next day, they may spend more time on REM sleep the night before. In their dreams, they may find an answer to their problems. How often does a person dream each night?
[解析] 信息明示题。文章第一句说People dreams four to six times a night,一个人一晚上要做梦四到六次,故选B。
5.
A.Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.
B.People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.
C.People became angry easily because they didn't take sleeping pills.
D.Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.
A B C D
D
[解析] What is true according to this passage?
[解析] 信息明示题。文中提到These sleeping pills didn't let them go to REM skep,由此可知安眠药会阻止人们进入REM睡眠状态,故选D。
6.
A.People dream so as to sleep better.
B.People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.
C.Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.
D.Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why do people dream?
[解析] 信息明示题。文中明确提问Why do people dream,并给出答案Dreams give them time to find the answers to some of their problems,由此可知人们做梦是因为在梦中可以为自己的问题找到答案,故选D。
[解析] In 1848, gold was discovered near San Francisco, and the first great gold-rush began. When the news spread, farmers, lawyers, sailors, soldiers and school teachers rushed to California by what ever means they could. Within a year, 100,000 people only 8,000 of whom were women had reached the coast of California. More than half of them had traveled overland across the American continent. "Gold fever" began to spread. Settlements throughout the United States were deserted. Homes, farms and stores were abandoned as everybody raced for California. Many came by sea, and in July 1850 more than 500 ships were anchored in San Francisco Bay, many of which had been deserted by gold- hungry sailors. A few people became very rich, but it was a risky business. Law and order broke down. Even if a miner "struck it rich", there were always those who would try to take it away: gamblers, outlaws, and thieves. Gold and silver were discovered in Nevada a few years later, and "gold fever" was an important part of the colonization of the western United States.
When did the first great gold-rush begin?
信息明示题。文章开头就指出,淘金热始于1848年,故选A。
8.
A.8,000 people.
B.10,000 people.
C.80,000 people.
D.100,000 people.
A B C D
D
[解析] How many people had reached the coast of Califomia within a year?
信息明示题。文章提到Within a year,100,000 people…had reached the coast of California,故选D。
9.
A.From the western United States.
B.From all parts of the country.
C.From only the east coast of the American Continent.
D.From San Francisco Bay.
A B C D
B
[解析] Where were those gold seekers from?
综合推断题。文章提到More than half of them had traveled overland across the American continent,由此可以推断,来淘金的人来自美国各地,故选B。
10.
A.Because many settlements were abandoned.
B.Because there were many gold-hungry sailors.
C.Because private gold could not be protected by law.
D.Because everybody raced for California.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why was gold-mining a risky business?
信息明示题。文章提到…it was a risky business.Law and order broke down…由此可知,淘金危险是因为它不受法律和秩序的保护,故选C。
Section C Life in the twentieth century demands 1 . Today, all 2 in a country must have adequate 3 to prepare them for their work as well as for their 4 as citizens. With this in mind, national leaders everywhere are placing more 5 on the 6 of the young. In the United States, government 7 , parents and teachers are working hard to give the children-tomorrow's 8 makers—the best preparation available. There is no school policy in the United States. 9 Public schools in all states are supported by taxes paid by the citizens of the individual state. In most states the children are required to attend school until they reach the age of six. When they become six years old, 10 . After six years in elementary school, they go into junior high school and remain there for three years. 11 .
[解析] Life in the twentieth century demands preparation. Today, all individuals in a country must have adequate schooling to prepare them for their work as well as for their responsibilities as citizens. With this in mind, national leaders everywhere are placing more emphasis on the education of the young. In the United States, government officials, parents and teachers are working hard to give the children--tomorrow's decision makers--the best preparation available. There is no school policy in the United States. Each of the fifty states makes its own rules and regulations for its schools, but there are many similarities among the fifty school systems. Public schools in all states are supported by taxes paid by the citizens of the individual state. In most states the children are not required to attend school until they reach the age of six. When they become six years old, children begin elementary school. After six years in elementary school, they go into junior high school and remain there for three years. The last three years of their public school education are spent in senior high school, from which they graduate at the age of eighteen.
2.
individuals
3.
schooling
4.
responsibilities
5.
emphasis
6.
education
7.
officials
8.
decision
9.
Schools in fifty states have their own rules and regulations, which are similar in many ways.
10.
children begin elementary school
11.
Students have spent three years in senior high schools.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A For more than six centuries before 1868, Japan was a feudal society 1 (for much of that period) from contact with foreign countries. Feudal influence as well as that of Buddhism(佛都) and Confucianism (儒教) gave women low 2 in the family and gave them almost no role in running society. The year 1868 3 the end of the feudal era. Thereafter Japan entered a period of rapid modernization. But despite fundamental changes in many areas of Japanese life until the end of World War II, modernization did not dramatically 4 women's status. Leadership was in the hands of a warrior class, not concerned with reforming the social order. In the typical family in the modern period before 1945, a bride, especially when she married an eldest son who would become the family heir(继成人), went to live with her husband's family and was expected to 5 to the "ways of the family". In the three-generation household, the new bride occupied the lowest status of all family members and was expected to be 6 to the authority of her mother-in-law. The moral code of the prewar period asked the wife to get up first in the morning, the last to go to bed, to take her bath only after her husband and all his family members had bathed. Outside the family, women's participation in the affairs of society was extremely 7 . Women could not vote, and for a long part of the period from 1868 to 1945, they were even 8 by law from attending gatherings where politics was discussed. In 1945, following Japan's 9 in World War I1, occupation forces under American leadership set out to democratize Japanese society. One specific goal of the reforms was to improve the status of women. Under the constitution of 1947, Japanese women 10 full political rights and a guarantee of their equality in all spheres of life. A revised civil law gave a woman the right to own property in her own name and to divorce on the same grounds as men. A. adapt B. gained C. improve D. aggressive E. defeat F. isolated G. victory H. lost I. status J. considerate K. obedient L. marked M. apply N. limited O. forbidden
Passage One It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"--string of alphabetic or numerical characters--ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about memory?
A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.
B.It is based on the decisions we made in the past.
C.It is rooted in our past habits and skills.
D.It connects our past experiences with tile present
3. What is the author's view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?
A.Computers have better memory than a child does.
C.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 words.
B.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager is.
D.Human beings are far superior to computers.
A B C D
D
推断题。由文章第三段中的...teenager probably recognizes…100,000 words…this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored可知,电脑与青少年都有10万单词的记忆量,但对于青少年来说,这只占大脑信息存储量的一小部分,言外之意是人脑优于电脑,所以D正确。
4. What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?
5. Human beings make themselves different from other animals by ________.
A.having the ability to perceive danger
C.having the ability to recognize faces and places on sight
B.having a far greater memory capacity
D.having the ability to draw on past experiences
A B C D
B
细节题。由文章最后一句指出人类强大的记忆力使人区别于其他动物,故选B。
Passage Two Human memories are quite complicated beyond our imagination. We remember some things better than other things. For example, November 22, 1963 is etched (铭刻) into the minds of nearly every English-speaking person over 40. It was, of course, the day that President Kennedy was shot. The fact that so many people can remember that moment demonstrates what a world-shattering one it was. But in the long run, it may be that what it demonstrates about the workings of the human train is more important. After all, why should we remember what we were doing when we heard of the assassination? We take it for granted that our memories work this way. Some people have the ability to reproduce things perfectly through what is known as an eidetic memory. These are the people who can glance at a newspaper and retain a 'snapshot' memory of it. This sort of memory is quite different from the imprint that most of us would make. Try closing your eyes and bringing to mind a scene you know well—the pattern of the wall-paper in your bedroom, say, and then try to describe it perfectly. Almost certainly you will find it impossible. But people with eidetic memories really can examine the pictures in their mind's eye as if they were the real things. Even the most forgetful of us can improve our memories. Mnemonics (记忆术) can be learned by anyone. For example, if you want to remember a list of things, you could create an imaginary street scene in your mind's eye, then 'place' the things you need to remember in various places along the street. It helps to make the objects visually striking. If one of the things you need to remember is, say, to take the car in for a service, you might 'place' the car with its engine dismantled, in some thoroughly unlikely setting—hanging from a lamp-post perhaps. When you later stroll down your 'street' looking for the things on your list, the suspended ear will not escape notice.
1. Why is it strange that so many people can remember what they were doing when President Kennedy was assassinated?
A.It is difficult to remember your actions on a day a long time ago.
B.They weren't affected personally by the assassination.
C.It was such an important event for the world as a whole.
D.They probably weren't doing anything unusual that day.
2. What does the word "eidetic" (Line. 6, Para. 2) refer to?
A.Forgetful.
B.Beautiful.
C.Perfect.
D.Vivid.
A B C D
D
文章第二段最后一句But people with eidetic memories really can examine the pictures in their mind's eye as if they were the real things中的as if they were the real things是解答该题的关键,real与vivid吻合。值得一提的是,在阅读理解题中,比喻处常为考点,该题中的as if...就是一个例子。
3. The example of wallpaper is intended to illustrate that
A.most of us pay little attention to our surroundings
B.eidetic memories are only useful for remembering visual things
C.most of us cannot remember things with complete accuracy
D.having an eidetic memory is a big advantage in life
A B C D
C
文章第二段第四句Try closing your eyes and bringing to mind a scene you know well—the pattern of the wall—paper in your bedroom,say,and then try to describe it perfectly.Almost certainly you will find it impossible.大意为:试着闭上眼睛回想自己卧室里的墙纸,然后对其详加描述,几乎完全可以肯定的是,人们发现很难做到。注意其中的you为泛指,意为:人们,如此看来,选项C正确。
4. The writer gives an example of using mnemonics for
Part Ⅴ Cloze Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence 1 by our environment and our experiences? 2 , the answer to both these questions is yes. 3 our intelligence is given at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius 4 a child born with low intelligence. 5 , a child who lives in a boring environment will 6 his intelligence less than one who lives in a rich and 7 surroundings. Thus, the 8 of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but 9 those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now 10 by most experts, can be supported 11 . It is easy to show that intelligence is to a certain degree 12 we are born with. 13 the blood relationship 14 two people, the closer they are 15 to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people 16 from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence 17 completely different. If on the other hand we take two 18 twins, they will be very likely to be 19 each other. Relations 20 brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
1.
A.developing
B.developed
C.being developed
D.having developed
A B C D
B
2. A. Strange enough B. Enough strange C. Strangely enoughD. Enough strangely
A B C D
C
3.
A.To some extents
B.To some extent
C.To some extend
D.In some degrees
A B C D
B
4.
A.out of
B.into
C.with
D.from
A B C D
A
5.
A.For one thing
B.As a result
C.On the other hand
D.In addition
A B C D
C
6.
A.limit
B.reach
C.develop
D.decline
A B C D
C
7.
A.varied
B.various
C.variable
D.varying
A B C D
A
8.
A.restraints
B.restrictions
C.refrains
D.limits
A B C D
D
9.
A.as he reaches
B.whether or not he reaches
C.if he reaches or not
D.for he reaches
A B C D
C
10.
A.holds
B.held
C.holding
D.having held
A B C D
B
11.
A.in the number of ways
B.in both ways
C.in a number of ways
D.in the ways
A B C D
B
12.
A.something
B.anything
C.everything
D.nothing
A B C D
A
13.
A.The more close
B.The less close
C.The little close
D.The closer
A B C D
D
14.
A.among
B.between
C.of
D.amidst
A B C D
B
15.
A.likely
B.likewise
C.possible
D.probably
A B C D
A
16.
A.by any chance
B.for the purpose
C.at random
D.on chance
A B C D
C
17.
A.would be
B.shall be
C.could be
D.will be
A B C D
D
18.
A.identified
B.identical
C.distinct
D.distinctive
A B C D
B
19.
A.more intelligent than
B.as intelligent as
C.less intelligent than
D.not so intelligent that
A B C D
C
20.
A.as
B.between
C.like
D.among
A B C D
C
Part Ⅵ Translation
1. Every executive is resp onsible for the success of the company ______ (无论做什么工作).
2. ________________________. It's out of our hands. (他们打算解雇你).
They are letting you go.
[解析] “解雇”有很多种说法,如dismiss,fire,sack,此处选择let you go是很委婉的说法,可以和后面out of our hands呼应。进行时表示将要发生的事情,若用going to let you go显得过于复杂。 [语法扩展] 运用委婉语可以让难以接受的事实变得好接受些,如pass away是die的委婉说法。
3. I would appreciate __________________________ (你能保守保密).