Competition and Cooperation Many people appreciate competition.It is convinced that the competition results in the improvement of our comprehensive national power,because it spurs us on to greater effort. Furthermore, the exam oriented education in China is filled with competition.We have to take so many exams and try to get higher marks than others. So competition pours into our life. However, others argue that cooperation is of greater importance.Nowadays,with the globalization of world's economy,connection between nations and individuals being closer and closer,people or groups rely more on each other than ever before.Hence more and more people advocates"win to win", which means cooperation in another sense, for the development of both their countries and themselves because no one can do everything by himself in this global village. Through cooperation, we can learn from each other and help each other to achieve our mutual goals. As far as I am concerned, I don't agree to draw a clear line between competition and cooperation. We could not succeed without any of them. So given the chance, I would not only compete with others, but also cooperate with them. I am sure it would be met with a bright future.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Do You Need A Higher Education The need for a satisfactory education is more important than ever before. Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds of landing that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened. Moreover, one's present level of education could fall well short of future career requirements. It is no secret that competition is the driving force behind the need to obtain increasingly higher qualifications. In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is no longer the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge. The pressure is coming from within the workplace to compete with ever more qualified job applicants, and in many occupations one must now battle with colleagues in the reshuffle for the position one already holds. Striving to become better educated is hardly a new concept. Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra money necessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge. Working adults have long attended night schools and refresher courses. Competition for employment has been around since the curs9 of working for a living began. Is the present situation so very different to that of the past? The difference now is that the push is universal and from without as well as within. A student at secondary school receiving low grades is no longer as easily accepted by his or her peers as was once the case. Similarly, in the workplace, unless employees are engaged in part-time study, they may be frowned upon by their employers and peers and have difficulty even standing still. In fact, in these cases, the expectation is for careers to go backwards and earning capacity to take an appreciable nosedive. At first glance, the situation would seem to be laudable. There is a positive response to the exhortation by a former Prime Minister, Bob Hawke, for Australia to become the" clever country". Yet there are serious ramifications according to at least one educational psychologist. Dr. Brendan Gatsby has caused some controversy in academic circles by suggesting that a bias towards what he terms" paper excellence" might cause more problems than it is supposed to solve. Gatsby raises a number of issues that affect the individual as well as society in general. Firstly, he believes the extra workload involved is resulting in abnormally high stress in both students at secondary school and adults studying after working hours. Secondly, skills which might be more relevant to the undertaking of a sought after job are being overlooked by employers interviewing candidates without qualifications on paper. These two areas of concern for the individual are causing physical and emotional stress respectively. Gatsby also argues that there are attitudinal changes within society to the exalted role education now plays in determining how the spoils of working life are distributed. Individuals of all ages are being driven by social pressures to achieve academic success solely for monetary considerations instead of for the joy of enlightenment. There is the danger that some universities are becoming degree factories with an attendant drop in standards. Furthermore, our education system may be rewarding doggedness above creativity; the very thing Australians have been encouraged to avoid. But the most undesirable effect of this academic paper chase, Gatsby says, is the disadvantage that 'user pays' higher education confers on the poor, who invariably lose out to the more financially favored. Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsby's comments regarding university standards have been roundly criticized as alarmist by most educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australia's education system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of any in the world.
1. It is impossible these days to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.
4. The parents who spend extra on their children's education are usually not poor.
Y
文章第三段第二句“Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra money necessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge.”家庭富裕的父母常希望花额外的钱将孩子送到有教育优势的学校。
5. Employees who do not undertake extra study may find their salary decreased by employers.
A."Lose-lose" solutions are useful in keeping a successful marriage.
B.To run a "win-win" solution is hard.
C.There is no success in marriage.
D.Running a successful marriage involves many factors.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: Hi, Jerry, I find it difficult to solve disputes between lovers. M: It's easy; the truth of love is that one must master the art of losing. W: Isn't "win-win" solution useful in love or marriage? M: I don't think so, success in marriage resides more in "lose- lose" solutions. W: I cannot imagine the "lose-lose" solutions will be helpful. M: Yes, take mine as an example, one day our tastes of picking new living- room wall-paper were at odds. W: Who gave up to another? M: Both. We changed our way. There are over two hundred samples, we should spend our energy finding one that suits us both, instead of quarreling over the ones we don't like. W: That's the way. Eventually you both can be satisfied. M: The "wallpaper book" became our symbol for settling the issues in marriage. W: But I run the relationship with a mess. We argue over how to spend money and who is going to be in control. M: Yes, that's true. We also had experienced that, when I was young my need to control arose out of fear, a lack of trust, insecurity. W: But giving up control is often confused with weakness. M: The winner in a domestic argument is never really the winner. W: What is it we want most from a marriage? To love and be loved. To be happy and secure. M: If you want to feel loved and respected, give up control. And if you want to win arguments at home, learn to lose them. A love relation is the garden in which we plant, cultivate and harvest.
[解析] W:You don’t look smart this morning I can see you’re nothappy. M:I had never expected this would have happened to me.We had a power failure at home last night. W:How come?Did anyone in the family.do anythingwrong? M:You’ve guessed it.It was all my father’s fault. W:What didhe do? M:I was just watching a wonderful football feature programon TV when the lights suddenly went out. W:Why was that? M:You see,we’d just had our dinner.My mother waswashing my jeans in the washing machine.And the airconditioners were on in both rooms.I was in my roomwatching TV. W:What was your father doing then? M:He wanted to wal‘m his tea in the microwave oven Heplugged it in and the fuse broke.And everything stopped W:Your next—door neighbor is an electrician,isn’t he? M:Yes.Luckily,he happened to be at home.He came andfixed it up.But it was half an hour later.I had alreadymissed a lot. W:It was an annoying experience for a sports fan like you.But don’t miss the basketball finals this evening.Makesure there is no power failure tonight.
Why does the man look depressed this morning?
[解析] 对话中女士说“看你今天不太高兴”,男士回答说昨晚他们家停电了,当时他在看一个精彩的足球专题节目,再结合后面提到的He came andfixed it up.But it was half an hour later.I had alreadymissed a lot可知,男士不高兴是因为他错过了半个小时的节目,故答案为[D]。[A]是对对话中power failure的误解。 [点睛] 本题需要综合信息点进行推断。
5.
A.His mother's use of the washing machine.
B.His father's turning on the microwave oven.
C.His long hours of watching TV.
D.The switch on of two air-conditioners.
A B C D
B
[解析] What was the immediate cause ofthe power failure?
选项表明,本题与电器的使用有关。对话中男士提到It was all my father’s fault,后面提到,母亲正在用洗衣机,空调也开着,他正在看电视,此时父亲想用微波炉热茶,他把插头插上保险丝就坏了,故答案为[B]。 [点睛] 问题中的immediate cause“直接原因”为听音的关键。all ofa sudden.
6.
A.Watch a ball game on TV.
B.Take part in a basketball final.
C.Ask his neighbor to check the power.
D.Not use any electric appliances any more.
A B C D
A
[解析] What will the man probably do tonight?
选项均以原形动词开头以及其中的his neighbor表明,本题可能考查男士将来的行为动作。对话中女士提到…a sports fan like you.But don’tmiss the basketball finals this evening,由此可知,作为体育爱好者的男士可能会看晚上的篮球赛,故答案为[A]。 [点睛] But转折处为常考点,是听音重点o
[解析] M: Hi, Janet. Yon are so lucky to be done with your final exams and team papers. I still have two more finals to take. W: Really? M: Yeah. W: So what are you doing this summer, anything special? M: Well, actually yeah. My parents have always liked taking my sister and me to different places in the United States. You know, places with historical significance. I guess they wanted to reinforce the stuff we learned in school about history. And so even though we are older now, they still do once in a while. Oh so where are you going this summer? W: Well, this summer it's finally going to be Gettysburg. M: Finally? You mean they never took you yet? I mean Gettysburg. It's probably the most famous Civil War site in the country. It's only a couple of hours away. I thought that would be one of the first places that they' d have taken you. I have been there a couple of times. W: We ware going to go about ten, well, no, it was exactly ten years ago, but I don't know, something happened, I cannot remember what. M: Something changed your plans? W: Yeah, don't ask me what it was, but we ended up not going anywhere that year. I hope that doesn't happen again this year. I wrote a paper about Gettysburg last semester for a history class I was taking, well, about the political situation in the United States fight after the battle at Gettysburg. So I' m eager to see the place. What are the students mainly discussing?
8.
A.She has never been to Gettysburg.
B.She took a political science course.
C.Her family still goes on vacation together.
D.She's interested in the United States Civil War.
A B C D
A
[解析] What does the man find surprising about the woman?
9.
A.Why her parents wanted to go to Gettysburg.
B.Why her family's vacation plans changed ten years ago.
C.Where her family went for a vacation ten years ago.
[解析] M: That's a lovely skirt you're wearing. W: Oh, thank you, my boyfriend bought it for my eighteenth birthday party. Q: What did the woman say about the skirt?
12.
A.The couple were involved in an accident.
B.The man had the car repaired.
C.Their car has to be replaced.
D.Their car was stolen and the man found it.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: Thank goodness, you're back. How is our car? Were you injured? M: The mechanic said that the best thing would be to sell it and buy a new car. This car is totally dead. Q: What do we know from the conversation?
13.
A.Their outgoing personality.
B.Their work environment.
C.Their usual food and drink.
D.Their healthy lifestyle.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: Why do the Japanese have such a long life expectancy? M: I don't understand. So many of them smoke, and they have a stressful work environment. It must be their healthy diet. Hey! Let's go out for sushi[ Q: What does the man suppose contributes to the Japanese long life expectancy?
[解析] M: Hi, Janet, where were you at lunch time? I was saving a seat for you in the cafeteria. W: Oh, sorry to miss you. But my thirst for knowledge was greater than my pains of hun~er. M: I never had that problem. So where were you? W: My political science class ran overtime. M: That's been happening quite a bit lately, hasn't it? W: I guess so. Actually, what happens is that a bunch of us hang around for a while after class to talk with our professor and ask him questions. M: Who is this twentieth century's Socrates? W: Professor Howl. Have you heard of him? M: Of course! He does have a good reputation in the political science department. W: And a well deserved one. The same students who fall asleep in discussion groups and seminarS fight for front-row seats in his lectures. M: Oh, no. I hope this isn't catching. W: You can joke. But it's great to have a professor who's not only interesting but prepare to give up time to students. M: I know. Maybe I should sit in his class some time. Do you think he'd care? W: Not at all. Lots of students bring their friends. M: Well, just to be safe, I think I'll bring my lunch along as well. W: I'll make a good student of you yet. Where was the woman at lunch time?
15.
A.Telling jokes.
B.Falling asleep during meals.
C.Staying late after class.
D.Eating in the cafeteria.
A B C D
C
[解析] What habit has the woman recently got into?
16.
A.They make him feel good.
B.They make no impact on him.
C.They bore him.
D.They make him angry.
A B C D
A
[解析] How does Prof. Howl feel about visitors at his lectures?
17.
A.Controversial.
B.Impersonal.
C.Patronizing.
D.Cooperative.
A B C D
D
[解析] Which words best describes Prof. Howl's relationship with his students?
[解析] The first ancient Olympics were held in ancient Greece at least as long ago as 776 B. C. That's about 2 700 years ago! The games were held in Olympia, to honor Zeus, the ruler of heavens. Like the Summer Olympics of today, the ancient Olympics were also held every four years. (26)One of the main features of the ancient Olympics was that all wars were stopped for the games, so that the athletes and the audience could compete and travel in peace. Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to watch. The main stadium might hold about 45 000 people. There are thousands of visitors setting up their tents all around the stadium. (27)During the first Olympics. there was only one competition—a 200-meter race. (28)But over time the games grew to include wrestling, boxing, and other sports. Women were not allowed to compete, but they had their own, separate games. The ancient athletes became famous, just like today. (29)They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners. City states even tried to steal away each other's athletes by offering them various awards. Though the ancient Olympics existed until A. D. 393, the modern Olympics are still going strong. The Olympics gather athletes from all over the world. However, when you watch the Olympics, you should pay attention not just to the winners, but also to the people who don't win the gold medal. Think about what took them to get there, the dedication to the games.
What can be learned about the ancient Olympics from the passage?
[解析] 听力中提到古代奥林匹克运动会的一个主要特征是all wars were stopped for the games, so that the athletes and the audience could compete and travel in peace。为了保证运动员和观众能够在和平的环境中进行比赛和旅行。所有的战争都将随着奥运会的开幕而停战。
2.
A.100-meter race.
B.200-meter race.
C.Wrestling.
D.Marathon.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What kind of event is held in the first Olympics?
[解析] 在介绍first Olympics的比赛项目时,听力中提到there was only one competition—a 200-meter race,由此可见,第一次奥运会仅有一个比赛项目,也就是200米跑。
3.
A.Wrestling.
B.Racing.
C.Pole jumping.
D.Boxing.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Which of the following events is NOT mentioned as part of the ancient Olympics?
[解析] 古代奥运会的比赛项目除了200米跑之外,听力中还接着介绍说But over time the games grew to include wrestling, boxing, and other sports。对比选项中的四个比赛名称,只有Pole jumping没有被提到。
4.
A.They were offered free dinners for life.
B.They were recruited as guards of honor.
C.They traveled freely inside the state.
D.They received awards in the temple of Zeus.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] How were the ancient athletes honored according to the passage?
[解析] 在谈论参加古代奥运会的运动员的待遇时,听力中提到They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners,即他们在今后的人生中可以获得免费的食物。
[解析] The period of engagement is the time between the marriage proposal and the wedding ceremony. Two people agree to marry when they decide to spend their lives together. The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring. That tradition is said to have started when an Austrian man gave a diamond ring to the woman he wanted to marry. The diamond represented beauty(29). He placed it on the third finger of her left hand. He chose that finger because it was thought that a blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart(30). Today, we know that this is not true. Yet the tradition continues. Americans generally are engaged for a period of about one year if they are planning a wedding ceremony and party. During this time, friends of the bride may hold a party at which women friends and family members give the bride gifts that she will need as a wife. These could include cooking equipment or new clothing. Friends of the man who is getting married may have a bachelor party for him. This usually takes place the night before the wedding. Only men are invited to the bachelor party. During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever. The wife often wears both the wedding ring and engagement ring on the same finger, The husband wears her ring on the third finger of his left hand. Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding. But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are sure they want to marry each other(31). Either person may decide to break the engagement. If this happens, the woman usually returns the ring to the main they also return any wedding gifts they have received. What was the diamond ring said to represent?
A.He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.
B.He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.
C.It was thought that a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.
D.It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why did the Austrian man place the diamond ring on the third finger of the left hand of his would-be wife?
从题目选项可以得知,该题可能考查He或人们对钻戒认识的有关内容。可以从“He chose that finger because it was thought that a blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart(他选择那个手指是因为人们认为那个手指里的血管直接通达心脏)”得知,因为人们认为那个手指和心脏有直接的联系,也就是象征与对方心与心的交流,故可推测出答案。
7.
A.To beautify people's faces and bodies.
B.To invite gods to enter people's life.
C.To decorate people's masks and clothes.
D.To influence people's religious feelings.
A B C D
B
[解析] What is the goal of traditional art in Africa?
[解析] Thunderstorms are the least dangerous and least violent of all the storms. Almost everyone has experienced a thunderstorm with its heavy rains, high winds, lightning and accompanying thunder. This type of storm can release a great deal of energy. A single thunderstorm can release energy to the atmosphere equivalent to a hydrogen bomb. There are some 50,000 thunderstorms that occur on earth daily. This would make the daily energy released into the atmosphere equal to billions of tons of TNT. Certain conditions must exist for thunderstorms to develop. First, the air must contain a great deal of water vapor. Second, there must be a rapidly rising air current. Thunderstorms may produce lightning and thunder. Lightning is a result of the rapidly rising air. The temperature produced by lightning is nearly 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. This tremendous amount of heat causes the air to expand suddenly. This causes sound waves to be produced in the air which are heard as a crashing or loud noise called thunder.
How much energy can be released by a single thunderstorm?
信息明示题。文章第一段指出,A single thunderstorm can release energy to the atmosphere equivalent to a hydrogen bomb.由此可知A正确。
9.
A.Lightning and thunder.
B.Warm air and cold air.
C.A great deal of water vapor and a rapidly rising air current.
D.A great amount of vapor and electricity.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What are the two conditions that must exist for thunderstorms to develop?
信息明示题。文章第二段开头指出,the air must contain a great deal of water vapor…must be a rapidly rising air current(空气中必须包含大量的水气……还要有快速上升的气流),由此可知C正确。
10.
A.Nearly 15,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
B.Nearly 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
C.Nearly 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
D.Nearly 150,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] what is the temperature produced by lightning?
信息明示题。文章第二段指出,The temperature produced by lightning is nearly 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit.由此可知B正确。本题的关键是要听清fifly—thousand而不是fifteen—thousand。
Section C Substances which are made up of only one kind of atom are called S36 ______ and there are about a hundred of these -- the same S37 ______as there are kinds of atom. These are the substances from which everything else is made. Aristotle taught that there were four elements -- earth, air, fire, and water -- but he was very wrong. None of these is an element in any sense of the word and S38 ______ There is nothing obvious about the appearance of an element which makes it different from other substances, and this explains why man take so long to discover the building blocks from which his world is made, 0nly patient and S39 ______ were able to show that sulfur, copper, and diamond were elements, but air, water, and sand were not. S40 ______ but have to be prepared in the laboratory. For example, the two elements of which water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen; oxygen occurs in the air, but it is mixed with a large amount of other gases, and hydrogen is not even present in the air.
[解析] Substances which are made up of only one kind of atom are called S36 elements and there are about a hundred of these -- the same S37 number as there are kinds of atom. These are the substances from which everything else is made. Aristotle taught that there were four elements -- earth, air, fire, and water -- but be was very wrong. None of these is an element in any sense of the word and S38 no further progress could be made until this idea was given up. There is nothing obvious about the appearance of an element which makes it different from other substances, and this explains why man take so long to discover the building blocks from which his world is made. Only patient and S39 methodical chemical experiments were able to show that sulfur, copper, and diamond were elements, but air, water, and sand were not. S40 Many of the most important elements are not found on the earth in a pure state, but have to be prepared in the laboratory. For example, the two elements of which water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen; oxygen occurs in the air, but it is mixed with a large amount of other gases, and hydrogen is not even present in the air.
2. S37
number
3. S38
no further progress could be made until this idea was given up
4. S39
methodical chemical experiments
5. S40
Many of the most important elements are not found on the earth in a pure state
The modem society has witnessed amazing development in astrology. In recent years scientific investigation of comets has 6 because of a growing interest in the origin of the sun and 7 . Scientists want to learn how comets are formed. They think that such information will be 8 to man's understanding of the origin of the 9 system. The word "comet" comes from the Greek and means "hairy object". In history comets have a special place. People believed that they brought news of death, 10 or military victories. The tails of comets provide 11 with spectacular sights at night. Comets tails are millions of kilometers long. The tail 12 reaches lengths of 250 kilometers and more. There was a written 13 of comet as early as 1770 B.C. The Chinese kept careful record and so did the Babylonians. 14 . The most famous comet in history is called Halley's Comet. 15 .It was named after Edmond Halley, an English scientist. 16 The comet appeared in 1758, as he predicted, 16 years after his death and will return again in 1986.
increased The modern society has witnessed amazing development in astrology. In recent years scientific investigation of comets has (36) increased because of a growing interest in the origin of the sun and (37) planets. Scientists want to learn how comets are formed. They think that such information will be (38) beneficial to man's understanding of the origin of the (39) solar system. The word "comet" comes from the Greek and means "hairy object". In history comets have a special place. People believed that they brought news of death, (40) destruction or military victories. The tails of comets provide (41) viewers with spectacular sights at night. Comets tails are millions of kilometers long. The tail (42) frequently reaches lengths of 250 millions kilometers and more. There was a written (43)record of comet as early as 1770 B.C. The Chinese kept careful record and so did the Babylonians. (44) Aristotle was interested in comets. He thought that they began as burning gases in the earth's atmosphere. The most famous comet in history is called Halley's Comet. (45) It is extremely bright and has two tails. It was named after Edmond Halley, an English scientist. (46) It was he who discovered this comet and predicted that it appears every 75 years. The comet appeared in 1758, as he predicted, 16 years after his death and will return again in 1986.
7.
planets
8.
beneficial
9.
solar
10.
destruction
11.
viewers
12.
frequently
13.
record
14.
Aristotle was interested in comets. He thought that they began as burning gases in the earth's atmosphere
15.
It is extremely bright and has two tails
16.
It was he who discovered this comet and predicted that it appears every 75 years
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A More and more young adults are remaining single and 1 This is bringing about a violent change in the education of young people. More and more young girls are signing up for the classes 2 reserved only for boys. And, 3 , a good number of boys are finding that classes in cooking and sewing are extremely useful to their own independence. A growing 4 of college students are choosing to take the classes which are meaningful and useful rather than traditional. I find it encouraging that some women are pursuing training as mechanics and electricians. Within ten years or so, the number of women in the mechanical field may be nearly 5 to the number of men. It is becoming more and more 6 that women are not "mechanically dumb". They just never got the encouragement to learn the basics of mechanics. It doesn't require a man's hand to turn a screw or tighten a bolt. The tools are designed for anyone's hand. I know several women who have rebuilt and 7 their own cars, and they are no brawnier than an average secretary. Slowly, bit by bit, I am learning how the engine in my car works and what is required to keep it 8 . It's dirty work and requires some determination, but I am gaining independence because of the notion that it is "man's work" and I won't have to take it to a mechanic who would be happy to 9 an "ignorant" woman. Someday, perhaps, when women have been given the chance to allow their talents to blossom, we may find that lady mechanics will be 10 over males. Now won't that be a switch? A. running B. equal C. apparent D. preferred E. number F. conversely G. rushing H. over-charge I. accuse J. independent K. volume L. maintained M. purchased N. previously O. immediately
根据句子结构,这里应当选择副词,修饰过去分词短语reserved only for boys(为男孩子保留的)。在所给的选项中,共有三个副词。conversely意思为“相反”,immediately意思为“立刻”, previously意思为“以前”。其中,只有previously与句子的意思吻合。
Passage One They give Action Man a certain ruggedness and bestow instant testosterone (肾上腺激素) on movie heroes, and according to British psychologists, facial scars can also make men more attractive to the opposite sex. Men with mild facial scars were typically ranked as more appealing by women who were looking for a brief relationship, though they were not considered better as marriage material, a study found. In the same experiments, women with facial scars were judged to be as attractive as those without, the researchers said. The sexual allure of the facial scar has long puzzled psychologists. Many believe they are seen by women as a sign of masculinity and an exciting, risk-taking personality, though in Shakespeare's Ali's Well that Ends Well, an old lord, Lafeu, takes a different view, commenting: "A scar nobly got, or a noble scar, is a good livery(特殊的外貌) of honor." Psychologists at the universities of Liverpool and Stirling decided to investigate the effects of facial scars by asking ll5 women and 64 men to rate the attractiveness of eight strangers of the opposite sex. Half were asked to look at original face shots, while the other half viewed images that had been digitally manipulated to add scars to their cheeks, jawbones(颌骨.) or foreheads. While the scars made no difference to the perceived attractiveness of women, scarred men ranked 5.7 percentage points higher in the appeal ratings than those with undamaged skin. "A large scar is unlikely to make you more attractive, but there are some scars that women do seem to find appealing. There's the whole James Bond thing, where a person is attractive but probably not the best marriage material," said Robert Burriss, a psychologist at Liverpool who led the study. For each picture, volunteers were asked to guess whether the scar was from a fight, an accident or illness. The men's scars were often blamed on a violent encounter, while those on women were often attributed to accidents. "When scarring is seen as the result of a violent encounter, it signifies strength or bravery in a guy, or it could be due to an accident, and so evidence of a risk-taking personality. Either way, it's another way of assessing a man's masculinity,' Burriss said. Men without scars could be seen as more caring and cautious, and so more suitable for a long term relationship, he added.
1. According to the first paragraph, men with facial scars ______.
A.must had gone to the army
B.are not welcomed in the movies
C.are more attractive to the opposite sex
D.are more suitable for marriage
A B C D
C
[解析] 由题干中的the first paragraph定位到原文首段第一句…facial scars can also make men more attractive to the opposite sex。
2. As to Lafeu in All's Well that Ends Well, facial scars most probably means ______.
A.sexual attractiveness
B.high glory
C.serious dangerous
D.exciting personality
A B C D
B
[解析] 由题干中的Lafeu和All's Well that Ends Well定位到原文第二段相关细节处。
3. We may infer from the third paragraph that ______.
A.digitally added scars have no sexual attractiveness
B.the bigger the scar, the more charm the person has
C.no women will marry to a man with facial scars
D.facial scars can not add any attractiveness to women
A B C D
D
[解析] 由题干中的the third paragraph定位到原文第三段相关细节处。
4. If a man has a scar on face, ______.
A.it was mainly a result of accident
B.it often reflects a caring personality
C.many factors may contribute to it
D.no women will get married with him
A B C D
C
[解析] 由题干中的man has a scar on face可以定位到原文第四段关于疤痕原因等的描述。
5. This text is mainly talking about ______.
A.good marriage and related factors
B.the various causes for facial scars
C.facial scars and personality
D.facial scars and opposite sex appealing
A B C D
D
[解析] 由题干中定位到原文全文,尤其开头与结尾段表主旨处。
Passage Two Climate, more than any other single factor, determines the distribution of life on Earth. Climatic boundaries establish the limits within which organisms can survive. Plants, even more than animals, must be well adapted to climate in order to survive. They cannot move about or take shelter but must be equipped to endure whatever weather conditions are likely to occur. In the harsh conditions of the tundra (苔原), for example, low growing mosses, lichens, and a few flowering plants all hug the ground for shelter from icy winds. Animals, despite their ability to move about and find shelter, are just as much influenced by climate as plants are. Creatures such as the camel and the penguin are so highly specialized that they have an extremely limited distribution. Others, such as bears, are flexible enough to adapt to a broad range of climates. Ocean-dwelling organisms are just as sensitive to climatic changes-- in this case temperature and salinity—as land animals. Reef corals (珊瑚) can survive only in clear warm seawater. Certain foraminifers are so sensitive to changes in their environment that their presence can be taken as an index of sea temperature. Human beings are among the least specialized of all animals and can bye almost anywhere. Their clothes and their homes act as a sort of "miniature climate" that can be taken with them everywhere.
1. According to the passage, plants on the tundra grow in the ground______.
A.to avoid being eaten by arctic animals
B.because fertilizer is not readily available
C.to minimize exposure to the cold
D.because unfrozen water supplies are very scarce
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。本题问的是:根据文章所述,苔原地区的植物在地表生长是______。依据文章第1段最后一句“In the harsh conditions of the tundra,for example,low growing mosses, lichens,and a few flowering plants all hug the ground for shelter from icy winds”可知,在苔原地区生长的植物都紧贴地表是为了躲避冷风的侵袭。故选C)。
2. According to the passage, which of the following can be found in areas with quite different climatic conditions on Earth?
A.Reef corals.
B.Bears.
C.Penguins.
D.Camels.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。木题问的是:根据文章所述,下列哪种动物可以在不同的地球气候条件下生存?依据文章第2段第3句“Others,such as bears,are flexible enough to adapt to a broad range of climates”可知,熊是可以灵活适应各种气候条件的动物。故选B)。
3. It can be inferred from the passage that "foraminifers" are a______.
A.kind of weather pattern
B.form of sea life
C.species of tundra plant
D.type of miniature penguin
A B C D
B
[解析] 推断题。本题问的是:我们能从文章中推断出有孔虫是一种______。依据文章第 2段倒数第3句“Certain foraminifers are sensitive to changes in their environment that their presence can be taken as an index of sea temperature”可知,有孔虫对周围环境极为敏感,它的出现可以被视为海水温度的一种标志。由此可见,有孔虫应该是一种海洋生物。故选B)。
4. According to the passage, human beings can survive almost everywhere on Earth because______.
A.they have developed advanced forms of transportation
B.they have learned how to process seawater for drinking
C.their body temperature can vary considerably
D.their shelters and clothes help them to adapt themselves to the environment
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。本题问的是:根据文章所述,人类可以在地球上任何地方生存是因为______。依据文章第2段最后一句“Their clothes and their homes act as a sort of miniature climate’ that can be taken with them everywhere”可知,衣服和住处可以充当一种“微型的气候环境”,人类可以把它们带到任何地方。故选D)。
5. As used in the passage, the word "endure" means______.
A.keep silent
B.surrender
C.to be defeated
D.suffer
A B C D
D
[解析] 词义题。本题问的是:文章中所用的单词endure的意思是______。endure一词出现在第1段第4句“They cannot move about or take shelter but must be equipped to endure whatever weather conditions are likely to occur”。在这句话中的endure的意思是“忍受某种折磨”。故选D)。
Part Ⅴ Cloze A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in 1 at the Sun's very center. It is here that is to be found the 2 of the energy that the Sun pours out into space is 3 The energy takes the form of light and heat. This energy is 4 at the center of the Sun as billions 5 billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms 6 with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and in doing so, 7 some of the energy that is 8 in the nuclei of atoms. The 9 of light and heat of the Sun 10 that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be 11 into helium (氦) in the Sun every second. This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years. The nuclear energy is released at the Sun's center as high-energy gamma radiation, 12 of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much shorter 13 . This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun to be 14 at slightly longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its 15 is absorbed and reemitted. As the energy filters through the 16 of the solar interior, it passes through the X-ray part of the spectrum 17 becoming light. At this stage, it has reached what we call the solar surface, and can escape into space without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small 18 of the Sun's light and heat is emitted in such directions that 19 passing unhindered through interplanetary space, it 20 the Earth.
[解析] 动词辨义题。该句意为:数十亿计的氢原子核在太阳的核心碰撞并且聚变生成氦,从而释放出能量。根据前文的the Sun... pours out into space as light and heat. 也可判断该处是详细说明太阳是怎样释放能量的。故选择liberated“释放,解放”。set,意为“放置”,能量被放置在太阳核心,讲不通;chase意为“追捕,追逐”;expel意为“驱逐”,与原文意思无关联,可排除。
5.
A.in
B.to
C.upon
D.at
A B C D
C
[解析] 介词辨义题。此处表达的意思是:数十亿计的。应选用搭配billions upon billions“数十亿计的”。 upon有累加的意思。
6.
A.deal
B.collide
C.meet
D.charge
A B C D
B
[解析] 动词辨义题。hydrogen atoms ... with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium. 该句是对氢原子核生成氦的具体描述。氢原子核在怎样后。才能通过融合聚变成氦。可推测,氢原子核只有在首先相碰撞后,才能融合。故选择collide“碰撞”。deal with意为“处理”;meet意为“遇见,碰见”,表达不出相互撞击,相互接触的意思;be charged with是固定搭配,意为“被指控……”,与原文无关,可排除。
[解析] 动词辨义题。some of the energy that is... in the nuclei of atoms“释放出______ 在原子核中的一些能量”,可推测能量必然是储藏在原子核中的,故选择store“储藏,储存”。strain意为“拉近,过分使用,使劳累”;hide意为“隐藏”,文中只是储存的意思,并不带隐蔽的,秘密的这一感情色彩;put意为“放置”,能量是自然存在于原子核中的,并非人为放置,故可排除。
[解析] 名词辨义题。此处意在说明:high-energy gamma radiation“高能伽马射线”是electromagnetic radiation“电磁射线”中的一种。故应选择form“形式”,a form of意为“……的一种形式”。a matter of意为“是……的问题”,如it is a matter of time;a variety of意为“多种多样的”,伽马射线是多种多样的电磁射线,讲不通;forum意为“论坛”,与原文无关,可排除。
[解析] 固定搭配题。in its turn意为“轮流,轮到做……”。该句意为:这同轮到这些新的射线再次被吸收,而后释放。
16.
A.layouts
B.layers
C.floors
D.storeys
A B C D
B
[解析] 名词辨义题。filter through意为“渗透”。该句描述的是“能量从太阳内部怎样地渗透出来”,可推测是指层层渗透,即through the layers of the solar interior,故选择B)项。layout意为“布局,安排”,词形相近,词义不同;floor。和storey都是指“楼层”,不准确,可排除。