Section A The French division of McDonald's has run advertisements that included a surprising 1 : Kids shouldn't eat at McDonald's more than once a week. The advertisements, 2 information from specialists, aim to show that "McDonald's meals are part of a balanced weekly diet," said Euro RSCG, the agency that came up with the ads, which appeared this spring, mostly in French women's magazines. Alongside quotes from specialists addressing 3 and diets for children, the ads described how McDonald's hamburgers are made of i00 percent real beef and cooked on a grill free of 4 oil. One ad placed in Femme Actuelle in April quoted a nutritionist who said, "there's no reason to 5 fast food, or visit McDonald's more than once a week." The McDonald's Corp., based in Oak Brook, Ill., said in a statement Wednesday that it "strongly 6 " with the nutritionist quoted in the French advertisement. "The vast majority of nutrition professionals say that McDonald's food can be and is a part of a healthy diet based on the sound nutrition 7 of balance, variety and moderation (适度)," the statement said. Since opening its first French branch in 1968, McDonald's has expanded 8 in France. More recently the multinational has come under fire from anti-globalization 9 , farmers' groups, and in Paris, striking workers. Last year, sheep farmer-turned-activist Jose Bove became a standard-bearer for the French anti-globalization 10 when he led a group that ransacked (洗劫) a McDonald's in southern France. A. quoting B. continuously C. overweight D. suggestion E. abuse F. protestors G. occasionally H. additional I. tame J. movement K. disagreed L. healed M. principles N. conference O. prosperous
Unless measures are taken at once, there is a possibility that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the next century. How can this possibly happen? We have already seen that people 11 all kinds of waste products to be thrown into the sea. It is almost 12 to measure how much industrial waste ends up in our oceans, but we can 13 how much oil is poured into them according to the law and against the law. It is against the law to pour oil into the sea 14 to the shore, but when a ship is many miles out to the sea there are no such 15 . Estimate of the amount of oil poured in European Waters 16 is about 200,000 tons every year. Some people say the 17 could be ten times as high around the world. It is not only our 18 that suffer from oil pollution. Among other things, many fish now contain very high amounts of 19 substances. Next time you have fish to eat, how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution? You cannot see the 20 and you cannot taste them, either. It is really quite a problem. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control oil pollution. We hope that the day will soon come when fish will be free from oil pollution. A. limitations B. seashores C. allow D. invade E. close F. poisonous G. afterwards H. agenda I. edit J. figure K. impossible L. alone M. effects N. calculate O. extensive
A. Rhinestones have a glittering past. Originally rhinestones were referred to Czechoslovakian or Bohemian glass dating as far back as the 13th century in Bohemia and the Czech Republic. Both places have a history steeped in beautiful hand blown glass as well as molded and cut glass. By 1918 glass was no longer limited to functional items. Czechoslovakian glass began to make its appearance in dazzling and brilliant jewelry. This Czech glass became known as rhinestones. Rhinestones were manmade gems from highly refined glass. By using various metals the glass was colored to the desired shade. It was then pressed into molds. Each stone was then ground and polished by machine, resulting in a brilliant glass stone. Often the stones were foiled on the back which increased their brilliance. B. Today, the same refining process is still used. You will often hear rhinestones referred to as paste. Originally paste was referred to a glass stone that was made of ground glass which was molded and then melted, producing an opaque dense glass frosted stone. Paste had many air bubbles and swirl marks. The high lead content glass was then polished and faceted, and set on either copper or silver resulting in a brilliant stone. Today the term "paste" usually refers to rhinestones. In Europe rhinestones are often referred to as paste, strass, and diamante. C. Austria is another area with a history in rhinestone production. In 1891 Daniel Swarovski created a new glass cutting machine which quite literally revolutionized the jewelry business. This machine could cut faceted glass, producing finely finished product in a very short time. Prior to this invention it would take a very long time for each stone to be cut by hand and finished. Swarovski's background in glass making, combined with his glass cutting machine soon found him producing rhinestones with a lead content of over 30%. The brilliance of these rhinestones was superior to anything seen on the market. Swarovski wasn't content with his invention and the best rhinestones ever seen. His next invention was once again transforming to the jewelry industry. He created a vacuum plating for the backs of the stones with silver and gold, reducing the need for hand labor. Still today Swarovski rhinestones are recognized as the highest quality in the industry. Over 80% of rhinestone jewelry manufactured in America use Swarovski rhinestones. D. Rhinestones have played an important role in costume jewelry for hundreds of years. It is used to enhance and decorate the costumes, and sometimes rhinestones will provide the entire design. During the Victorian period common design patterns for jewelry included snakes, flowers, and hands most often adorned with rhinestones. The 1890s were a time for extravagant jewelry heavily adorned with rhinestones. As time moved forward designs became simpler with figural shapes once again malting their fashion statement. However this time they were small and more elegant with small rhinestone decorations. E. During the Edwardian period extravagance had made a comeback with diamonds and pearls being the focal point. Once again rhinestones were in heavy use, often used to imitate the real thing. During the 1920s fashions were rapidly changing. Dresses had gone from tight, fitted to a looser, more comfortable style. Two distinct styles occurred during this era—the feminine style and the androgynous style (having both female and male characteristics). Jewelry from the 1920s drew on the art decoration period. The majority of rhinestone jewelry was made with clear rhinestones. F. As the 1920s moved jewelry once again became bolder. Dramatic color was in style. Designer Coco Chanel was an integral figure in setting the stage for jewelry of this era. During the 1930s, during the Depression, labor-intensive fashion was no longer feasible. While the world was in chaos, jewelry represented an affordable comfort to many women. Inexpensive costume jewelry could be used to revitalize an old outfit. The industry began to produce bright colored enamel pieces decorated with rhinestones. Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye were common place. G. The jewelry during the 1940s once again became big and bold with rhinestones being produced in every imaginable color, large stones set on large bold settings was the norm. By the 1950s there were two very distinct looks—elegant and sophisticated for the more mature woman, and casual and fun for the younger woman. The 1950s saw jewelry made completely from rhinestones. For the younger woman were flirty pieces, for the older woman sophisticated elegance. Whole sets of rhinestone jewelry became extremely popular. In 1953 the aurora borealis rhinestone was introduced to the market with its fabulous array of color. It was an instant hit! H. By 1960s women were wearing very functional clothing. By the late 1960s the hippie fashions were extremely popular with their roots tied to Mother Nature. Tie dyed shirts, long flowing skirts, frayed jeans were everywhere. This generation had no interest in rhinestone jewelry. By the mid 1970s the punk look had been born and the rhinestone was revitalized. It was the disco movement brought the rhinestone back to center stage. The disco movement turned into the club movement during the 1980s and rhinestone jewelry continued to gain popularity. I. Since the 1970s rhinestones have remained main stream in the jewelry world. They continue to gain popularity and today there is a style to suit almost every one's needs. There is rhinestone jewelry which is perfect for a bride, rhinestone jewelry for a prom girl, rhinestone jewelry for the young and fun crowd, the business woman, the sophisticated woman, and the mature woman. Beautiful pieces of rhinestone jewelry adorn almost every woman's accessories. If trends are an indication of the rhinestones future, it appears to have a brilliant healthy life ahead of it. Pleasing for most women with a fashion sense who instantly recognize the value and beauty of rhinestones!
1. Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye were in fashion during the Depression.
10. Whole sets of rhinestone jewelry were very poplar during the 1950s.
G
[解析] 根据时间状语during the 1950s定位到G段,该段倒数第3句提到整个莱茵石珠宝系列变得特别受欢迎,结合上文的时间The 1950s即为本题内容,故选G。
How Advertisement Is Done?
A. When we choose a word we do more than give information; we also express our feelings about whatever we're describing. Words point to facts but often link these to attitudes at the same time; they can also affect the beliefs and attitudes of other people. These two remarks are much the same—or are they? What's the speaker's feeling towards the same dog in each case? And how would the different descriptions affect the listeners? Here comes that pet. Here comes that dog. The fact that words can work like this is important and valuable, for it adds a richness to our communication with one another. Advertisers make use of it in a number of ways. B. The manufacturer needs a name that will do more than just label: he wants a name that brings suitable associations as well—the ideas that the word brings to the mind will help sell the product. If all were available at the same price, which coat or suit would you choose from this range of shades—Dark Tan, Brown, Mud Brown? Which of these shades of eye-show—Black Diamond, Black, Coaldust? C. Because words have these associations, the advertiser is very careful about the way he describes his product and what it will do. Almost every advertisement has certain key words (sometimes, but not always, in bold or large letters, or beginning with a capital letter) that are intended to be persuasive, while at the same time appearing to be informative. It's difficult enough simply to describe what a thing is and how in words, especially in a few words, but the writers who write for the advertisements also try to include feelings, associations and attitudes. Some words seem to have been so successful in selling that the advertisers use them almost as if they were magic key to a certain sale. How often, for instance, have you come across the word "golden" in advertisements? D. One thing reminds us of another—especially if we often see them together. These reminders (called "associations") are sometimes more imaginary than real: for many people a robin suggests Christmas, for others silver candlesticks suggest wealth. The tricks of the advertising business we have so far described are all examples of the advertiser encouraging us to associate products with those things he thinks we really want—a good job, nice clothes, a sport car, a beautiful girlfriend—perhaps most of all a feeling of importance. The "image" of a product is based on these associations, and the advertiser often creates a "good image" by showing us someone who uses his product and who leads the kind of life we should like to lead. We buy not just the product but the sense of importance that goes with it We drink Coca-Cola not just for the taste, but because we would like to be thought of as being as gay as the energetic people who drink it in the ads. E. In this age of moon flights, heart transplants and wonder drugs, we are all impressed by science. If an advertiser links his claim with a scientific fact, there is even a chance we can be blinded by science. The question is simply whether the impressive air of the new discovery or the "manmade miracle" is being used to help or just to deceive us. Another method of persuasion is to call up guilty feelings, for example to imply that any mother who really loves her children uses a certain product. If Mrs. Gray does not use it, she might start to think of herself as a bad mother who does not love her family. So she might go and buy that particular product, rather than go on feeling guilty. F. Some products are advertised as having a remarkable and immediate effect. We are shown the situation before using the product and this is contrasted with the situation that follows its use. Have you noticed anything about these advertisements? Taking a tablet for a headache in such advertisements can have truly remarkable results. For not only has the headache gone, the person concerned has often had a new hair-do, required a new set of clothes and sometimes even moved into a more modern, better furnished house. What splendid value for a few pence! G. We are often encouraged to believe nowadays that, because someone has been successful in one field, he should be regarded as an authority in other fields. How true is this likely to be? The advertiser knows that there are certain people whom we admire because they are famous sportsmen, actors or singers, and he believes that if we discover that a certain well-known personality uses his product, we will want to use it too. This is why so many advertisements feature famous people. But does a man who is a famous sportsman know more about these things than anyone else? And does he even use the product he praises? The next time you see any advertisements which feature well-known people, consider in which of them you think the person concerned should be regarded as an authority and those where he clearly is not. H. Another way in which an advertiser may try to make us want his product is by suggesting that most people, or the "best" people, already use it and that we will no doubt want to follow them. How important is this when you think about it? No one likes to be inferior to others, but are we really inferior just because we have not got all the things others have? Furthermore, do we really want to be like other people? Is it really desirable to behave just like others? I. If you keep talking about something for long enough, finally people will pay attention to you. How many advertisements have you seen that are based on this rule? If we hear the name of a product many times a day, we are much more likely to find that this is the name that comes into our head when the shopkeeper asks "What brand?" We usually like to choose things for ourselves, but if the advertiser plants a name in our heads on this way, he has helped to make the choice for us. J. One of the ways in which an advertiser can make sure that the name of his product is heard by people far more often than he can afford to have it advertised on television, is to write a jingle or slogan that people, especially children, will sing and repeat. In this way, some advertising slogans have become part of everyday speech and we repeat them without realizing that we are unpaid advertisers.
11. When someone is famous or successful in one field, we tend to regard him as an authority in other fields too.
G
[解析] 根据题目的an authority in other fields可定位到G段,该段第1句Because后的内容与题目信息一致,故选G。
12. When people think of a robin, they will also think of Christmas.
17. In order to enable the name of their products to be heard by people as often as possible, advertisers would write a jingle or slogan that can be sung or repeated by people.
Passage One According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today's traditional-age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)" than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective "is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life." It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. That's no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associate degree. While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): "Miss Baxter," he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?" From the long-term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about.
1. According to the author's observation, college students ______.
A.have never been so materialistic as today
B.have never been so interested in the arts
C.have never been so financially well off as today
D.have never attached so much importance to moral sense
4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ______.
A.create varying artistic interests
B.help people see things in their right perspective
C.help improve connections among people
D.regulate the behavior of modern people
A B C D
B
根据第5段第2句:同样毋庸置疑的还有,学习他人的各种智慧时,我们也学会怎样去思考。句中how to think与B中的see things in...right perspective意思最为相反,故B正确。
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.
B.Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.
C.People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.
D.Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.
A B C D
D
根据文章的第5至6段可知,作者认为罢工要求加薪等一些追求眼前利益的行为是目光短浅的,故D正确。
People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus (章鱼) a great delicacy (美味佳肴). You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are looked down upon. As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a walk on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert. Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To my surprise, we saw that there were snails everywhere, they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall. I have never been able to look at a snail since then.
6. The word "repulsive" (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably means "______".
A.disgusting
B.pleasant
C.acceptable
D.delicious
A B C D
A
解答本题的关键首先要理解repulsive前面的it是上一句的octopus,由此可推断第2句和第3句描述的是对“章鱼”的两种相反的反应,而与a great delicacy看法相反的是A,故A为正确答案。
7. We can infer from the second paragraph that when collecting the snails, the author ______.
A.was glad that he could share them with his friend
B.was angry because they might damage his beloved plants
C.was excited about being able to give his friend a surprise
D.was depressed because it was hard to extinguish them all
本题考查复合句的理解。第2段第1句“No creature...more...than snails”句型表达的是最高级概念,即:Snails have received most praise and abuse,由此可知,蜗牛是最具争议性的食物,因此C就是该句的近义替换。作者没有把蜗牛与章鱼或炸土豆作比较,因此A和D不对;文中提到在作者朋友的居住地。蜗牛是没人瞧得上的,但没有提到在作者的家乡是否受欢迎,因此B也不对。
9. The best title of this passage might be "______".
A.One Man's Meat is Another Man's Poison
B.Foods and Cultures
C.Snail and Octopus
D.People Are Illogical in Front of Delicacies
A B C D
A
文章第1句话其实是全文的主题句,暗示了人们在饮食方面有相差悬殊的不同喜好,接着用了数个具体例子说明,并着重以蜗牛为例,阐明这种差异。英语习语“One man's meat is another man's poison”形象地表达了这一观点。本题最具干扰性的是B,文章在第1段谈到饮食有差异,这涉及到了culture,但作者并没花太多笔墨描述各国不同的文化,因此,culture并非本文的中心。另外,D的表达与文章第1句很相似,但是D说的是人们美食当前会丧失理智,与第1句的意思其实相差甚远,且并非文章要阐明的主题。
10. As indicated in the passage, people love different foods mainly because ______.
A.they live in different places
B.they learn to eat certain foods in their families
C.they have different understandings of delicacy
D.they are too illogical to explain
A B C D
B
本题考查表语从句的理解。从第1段的最后一句中的“most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods”可推断B为不同的人喜好不同食物的最主要原因。A最具干扰性,它也是原因之一,但住在同一个地方的人也会有不同的饮食差异,所以还是因为家庭的原因所造成的。
Passage Two Thoughts of suicide haunted Anita Rutnam long before she arrived at Syracuse University. She had a history of mental illness and had even attempted to kill herself. During her junior year of college, she tried again. On a February morning in 1998, just days after a campus counselor recommended she be hospitalized for her suicidal tendencies, Rutnam threw herself off the eighth floor of a Syracuse dormitory. Miraculously, she survived. But three years later, Rutnam still feels the effects of that day. She has not been able to finish college and is suing her former school for malpractice. Her suit asserts that, given the campus counselor's advice, school officials should have done more to prevent her suicide attempt. This incident and others have thrown a spotlight on an issue that is causing growing concern in dorm rooms and students center. Are colleges providing adequate care for students who may be struggling with a range of mental illnesses? In the Syracuse case, a spokesman for the school contends, "The University tried repeatedly to help Anita, and we felt that they acted appropriately." But lawyers are busy there and elsewhere. After accidents, suicide is the second biggest killer of kids in college. And while the number of students who kill themselves on campus is no higher than that of 18-to-24-year-olds in the general population, a series of sensational incidents has raised the question of whether troubled students are getting proper attention. So what are the schools' responsibilities to at-risk students, particularly those who may be genetically predisposed (易患……病的) to mental illness? College can be a breeding ground for psychiatric problems. Poor eating habits and irregular sleeping patterns—especially combined with the academic stress of college life—may all play roles in triggering mental problems. Additionally, many of the major psychiatric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.
1. Anita Rutnam couldn't finish college most probably because ______.
A.she couldn't get enough concern from Syracuse University
B.she wasn't physically healthy enough to continue schooling
C.she still kept thinking about killing herself whenever at school
D.she has been troubled by the memory of the incident very often
Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, "Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat in last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?" Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and your drink is on the table. Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesn't include burgers. Sound a little bizarre? To some, this is the restaurant equivalent of the Internet. The Net's ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you—some of which you may not want them to have. Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a "cookie"? Unfortunately, it's not the Mrs. Field's type. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer—usually without your knowledge. During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about your interaction, including where you visit, how long you stay there, how frequently you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address. Fill out a survey to collect free information or samples, and marketers know even more about you—like your name, address, and any other information you provide. While this may sound scary enough, cookies aren't even the latest in technology. A new system called I-librarian Alexa—named for the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt—does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on ads, etc. All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably don't even know that you are giving it.
6. In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was ______.
9. What can be learned about "Alexa" from the second paragraph?
A.Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt.
B.Alexa is installed in libraries.
C.Alexa can collect all the necessary data on you.
D.Alexa can provide more data for marketers than a cookie.
A B C D
D
本题考查复杂句的理解,并涉及两个事物的对比。第2段介绍Alexa时,指明它does even more,接着用while连接一个让步状语从句,其主句是关于Alexa的信息,据此可以判断D正确。A和B与原文不符,容易排除。C指出Alexa能收集到所有必要的资料,这是对其作用的夸大,实际上,根据倒数第3句,它收集的只是所有网上活动的资料。
10. Which of the following words can best reflect the author's attitude to cookies and Alexa?
A.Critical.
B.Suspicious.
C.Objective.
D.Optimistic.
A B C D
A
判断依据是文中作者所使用的一些词句,如:usually without your knowledge,sound scary及最后一句。这些显示了作者对cookie和Alexa持反对、批评的态度。