Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
C.He's looking for somebody to play with the game.
D.He loves playing basketball very much.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: Hi, Tom. Have you been playing much basketball lately? M: I play as often as I can get out of the classroom. And the game is my way to be somebody. It' s my life, you know? Q: What does Tom tell the woman?
[试题分析] 推理题。 [详细解答] 女士问男士最近是否经常打篮球,男士回答说只要一出教室,就去打球,打篮球是他出众的途径,且是他的生命。关键部分是play as often as I can get out of the classroom. And the game is my way to be somebody,It's my life。由此可以推断答案为D:He loves playing basketball very much。
2.
A.Bob will see Susan tomorrow evening.
B.Bob might be at home late tomorrow evening.
C.Bob and Susan have decided to go on a holiday.
D.Bob asked the woman to come another time.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Bob, can I come to see you at your home tomorrow evening. M: Sure. Susan and I have half decided to go swimming late to morrow afternoon. So give me a ring before you come, OK? Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
[试题分析] 推理题。 [详细解答] 女士问可不可以在明天晚上去他家看他,男士回答说:当然可以,他和Susan基本上已经决定明天下午去游泳,因此要女士去之前给他打个电话。关键部分是Sure... give me a ring before you come。由此可以推断答案为B:Bob might be at home late tomorrow evening.
3.
A.They think cinemas are too far away from their home.
B.They are disappointed with the films produced these days.
C.They both dislike films about adventure stories.
D.They both like the idea of going to the cinema at night.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: I used to go to the cinema a lot. It did make a nice night out, but not now. W: No, I don' t either. There aren' t any good adventurous stories like the movies they made when I was young. Q: What call be concluded from this conversation?
[试题分析] 推理题。 [详细解答] 男士说他过去常常去电影院看电影,但现在不去了,女士说她现在也不去看电影,现在的惊险故事片没以前的好。关键部分是There aren’t any good adventurous stones like the movies they made when I was young。由此可以推断答案为 B:They are disappointed with the films produced these days。
4.
A.It was too terrible for him to sleep.
B.He was not very worried about it.
C.He already lost a lot of sleep over it.
D.He feels uncomfortable.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: I heard they didn' t sign the agreement. M: Yes, it's too bad. But I' m certainly not going to lose any sleep over it. Q: What was the man's reaction?
[试题分析] 推理题。 [详细解答] 女士说她听说协议未签成,男士说他不会因此而睡不好觉。关键部分是But I’m certainly not going to lose any sleep over it。由此可以推断答案为B:He was not very worried about it。
5.
A.Customer and salesperson.
B.Boss and secretary.
C.Teacher and student.
D.Guest and waitress.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: Please make 20 copies of this and deliver them to the chief executive and heads of departments. W: Certainly, sir. They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning. Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
[试题分析] 推理题。 [详细解答] 男士要女士复印20份材料,然后发给各部门主管,女士表示同意。关键部分是make 20 copies of this and de liver them to the chief executive and heads of departments。由此可以推断答案为B:Boss and secretary。
[解析] M: You' re going to make a trip to San Francisco, aren't yon? W: Yes. But I haven' t got the plane ticket yet. I' m thinking of postponing the trip to next month since this is the busiest month for the airlines. Q: What do we know about the woman from the conversation?
[试题分析] 推理题。 [详细解答] 男士问女士是否去旧金山旅行,女士说去,但她还没有买到飞机票,因此决定推迟到下个月。关键部分是I haven’t got the plane ticket yet.I’m thinking of postponing the trip。由此可以推断答案为A:She has to change the time for the trip。
7.
A.She doesn't like standing so close.
B.She can' t hear clearly.
C.She can't watch the television clearly.
D.She was hurt by the light.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Please turn down the television. I can' t understand anything my friends is saying on the phone. M: Hurry up and finish your call. I don' t like standing so close. The light hurts my eyes. Q: Why is the woman upset?
[试题分析] 因果关系题。 [详细解答] 女士要求男士把电视机声音关小一点,她听不清朋友在电话里说什么。关键部分是turn down the television.I can’t understand anything my friends is saying on the phone。由此可以推断答案为B:She can’t hear clearly。
8.
A.He doesn't write well enough.
B.He is not a professional writer.
C.He hasn't got a professional experience.
D.He didn' t perform well in the interview.
A B C D
C
[解析] W: How was the job interview? I think you' ll make a good journalist. I remember you as the best writer of the class. M: Well, in fact, my application was turned down. They were looking for people with experience in the profession. Q: Why didn't the man get the job?
[试题分析] 因果关系题。 [详细解答] 女士问男士面试的结果怎样,男士回答说他的申请被拒绝了,因为他没有工作经验。关键部分足They were looking for people with experience in the profession。由此可以推断答案为C:He hasn’t got a professional experience。
9.
A.He doesn't think it necessary to refuel the car.
B.He can manage to get the gasoline they need.
C.He hopes the woman will help him select a fuel.
D.He thinks it is difficult to get fuel for the car.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: We have to face the fact that it is a little hard to fuel for the car. M: Between you and me, I think there is always a way to get a round this problem. Q: What does the man mean?
[试题分析] 推理题。 [详细解答] 女士说他们很难得到所要的汽油,而男士则说总有办法解决这一问题。关键部分是there is always a way to get around this problem。由此可以推断答案为B:He can manage to get the gasoline they need。
10.
A.In the classroom.
B.At the gate of the library.
C.In the library.
D.In the office.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Jean said she would meet you in the library. Did you get together? W: Yes, but it' s a wonder that we did. I had given up waiting and had gone inside the classroom. She had done the same thing. Q: Where did the two women meet?
[试题分析] 地点题。 [详细解答] 男士问女士是否与Jean在图书馆见面了,女士说她走进教室时,Jean也进去了。关键部分是I had given up waiting and had gone inside the classroom.She had done the something。由此可以推断答案为A:In the classroom。
Section B Directions: In this section you will hear a passage three times. During the first reading, you should lis ten carefully for a general idea of the whole pas sage. Then listen to the passage again. When the first part of the passage is being read, you should fill in the missing word during the pause at each blank. After listening to the second part of the passage you are required to write down the main points according to what you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read the third time you can check what you have written. Who won the ball? What happened at the United States? How did the 1 like the new play? Minutes after an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets giving the 2 . Wherever anything happens in the world, 3 are on the 4 to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic purpose to get the news as quickly as possible from those who know it to those who want to know it. Radio, telegraph, television, and other 5 brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of 6 . But his competition merely spurred the newspaper on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the speed and 7 of their own 8 . To day more newspapers are printed and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. 9 . Newspapers depend on advertising for their very existence. Newspapers are sold for prices that fail to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main source of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. 10 . This is measured in terms of circulation.
[解析] 11-20 Who wan the ball? What happened at the United States? How did the (11) critics like the new play? Minutes after an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets giving the (12) details. Wherever anything happens in the world, (13) reporters are on the (14) spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic purpose to get the news as quickly as possible from those who know it to those who want to know it. Radio, telegraph, television, and other (15) inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of (16) communication. But his competition merely spurred the newspaper on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the speed and (17) efficiency of their own (18) operations. Today more news papers are printed and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. (19) Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, today's newspapers entertain and influence readers, politically and otherwise. Newspapers depend on advertising for their very existence. Newspapers are sold for prices that fail to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main source of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. (20) The ability to sell advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This is measured in terms of circulation.
2.
details
3.
reporters
4.
spot
5.
inventions
6.
communication
7.
efficiency
8.
operations
9.
Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news.today newspapers entertain and influence readers,politically and otherwise.
10.
The ability to sell advertising depends on an a newspaper value to advertisers.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm.9 Should we not rather en courage many ways for self - respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people' s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people' s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people' s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live. Meanwhile, employment put women al a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full - time jobs.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.
B.Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.
C.The industrial age may now be coming to an end.
D.Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.
A B C D
D
[解析] 主旨大意题。通过找文章的主题句以及各段落主题句可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见文章开篇段Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to say. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely和结尾段The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all,to the urgent practical task of helping many people to man age without full-time jobs。所以答案为D。
2. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?
A.The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.
B.The development of factories.
C.Relief from housework on the part of women.
D.Development of modern means of transportation.
A B C D
C
[解析] 是非题。一误三正,通过选项对应文章中的细节可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见文章第四段中提到工作普及的三个原因:Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries(22A对)made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land,and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.Then the factory system (22B对)destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people homes.Later,as transport improved(22D对),first by rail and then by road,people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until,eventually,many people work lost all connection with their home lives and the planes in which they live。这段活中没有提到C,所以答案为C。
3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time
B.many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed
C.in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women
D.some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed
A B C D
A
[解析] 推断题。通过选项回到原文找相关的句子来推断,便可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第三段第二句话“The industrial age may now be coming to on end,and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed”,可选项D中为have been reversed,因而排除选项D;根据第五段第二句In preindustrial times,men and women had shared the productive work of the house hold and village community男女共同承当劳动,可以排除C;根据第四段第一句话the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land,可以排除B;根据第一段内容 high unemployment is probably here to say,答案为A。
4. What does the word "daunting" in the third paragraph mean?
A.Shocking
B.Interesting
C.Confusing
D.Stimulating
A B C D
A
[解析] 词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第三段The industrial age, may now be coming to an end,and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.This seems a daunting thought.But,in fact,it could offer the prospect of a better future for work。通过第四句话“但实际上它可以为工作提供一个更好的前景。”中的转折含义可以断定最接近daunting的词义为A。
5. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?
A.Create situations in which people work for them selves.
B.Treat employment as the norm.
C.Endeavor to revive the household and the neighbor hood as centers of production.
D.Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.
A B C D
B
[解析] 是非题。一误三正,通过选项对应文章中的细节可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第二段中提出的解决办法:We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work.Should we continue to treat employment as the norm?(25B不对)Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? (25D对)Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves(25A对),rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office,as centers of production and work?(25C对)。以上几个问句都是修辞疑问句,肯定形式作否定理解,否定形式作肯定理解。所以答案为B。
Passage Two No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good - quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one' s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly, Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.
1. The author' s primary purpose in writing this passage was to ______.
A.plead for the abolishment of uniforms
B.show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society
C.advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms
D.convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages
A B C D
D
[解析] 主旨题。通过文章的主题句以及各段落主题句可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见文章开篇段第一句No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance可以看出,穿制服不好,接下来简要说明原因:Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society.Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all serf-worth。所以答案为D。
2. Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food?
A.To show that freedom of choice is absolute.
B.To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.
C.To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.
D.To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations.
A B C D
C
[解析] 类比题。通过类比的例子可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car,have the same type of foods.When this hap pens. all incentive to improve one life is removed.如果每个人都被迫做同样的事,包括被迫穿制服,那么其结果是all incentive to improve one life is removed。因而答案为C。
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?
A.The person who wears a uniform has no self - worth.
B.Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.
C.Uniforms will hurt one entire information and entertainment industry.
D.Envy and competition are incentive to improve one' s life.
A B C D
B
[解析] 是非题。一误三正,通过选项对应文章中的细节可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第一段最后—句The individual in a uniform loses all serf-worth,A说法是对的。根据第二段第一句There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger,more important concept,有人赞成穿制服gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept,但接下来一句What could be more important than the individual himself?反驳了该观点,因而B说法不对。根据文章最后三句:The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry,which in tam would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion.Without advertising,newspapers,magazines,and television would not be able to remain in business.One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse。特别是根据最后一句可以看出,C说法是对的。根据第二段里的意思:envy and competition...It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car,have the same type of foods.When this happens,all incentive to improve one life is removed.人们失去了envy and competition,什么都要求一致,也就失去了改善生活的动力,从正面来说,答案为B。
4. The word "superfluous" (Para. 3) most probably means
A.indispensable
B.available
C.surplus
D.supplementary
A B C D
C
[解析] 词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第三段里的If everyone were forced to wear uniforms,artistic personnel would be unnecessary.Sales persons Would be superfluous as well,特别是as well,可以看出superfluous与unnecessary是近义词,因而答案是C。
5. The next paragraph in this passage might discuss
A.the positive effects of wearing uniforms
B.more negative effects of wearing uniforms
C.alternative to wearing uniforms
D.the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms
Passage Three A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animal-a poisonous snake or a wild cat-we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and at tempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one' s own, but if we take account of the long competition, which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man - indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man - human rage be comes more comprehensible. In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using the words "us and them". "Our" side is perpetually trying to do down the "other" side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of "us" and "them" is the touchstone of the two -party system of "democratic" politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of these modern psychological representations of the "us and them" emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it. The readiness with which humans allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the "us and them" blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the Pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until the combatants become exhausted.
1. A suitable title for this passage would be ______.
A.Why Human Armies Are Formed
B.Man' s Anger Against Rage
C.The Human Capacity for Rage
D.Early Struggles of Angry Man
A B C D
C
[解析] 主旨题。通过文章的主题句可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见文章开篇第一句,即主题句:A strange thing a bout humans is their capacity for blind rage。所以答案为C。
2. According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is ______.
A.its lengthy and complex development
B.a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland
C.that we do not fly into a temper more often
D.that we reserve anger for mankind
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。通过题干回到文章中找对应的地方便可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第一段第二句but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals,和第五句We reserve rage for our own species,所以答案为D。
3. The passage suggests that ______.
A.historically, we have created an "us" versus "them" society
B.humans have had a natural disinclination toward for mal grouping
C.the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination
D.the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time
A B C D
A
[解析] 推断题。通过选项回到文章中找对应的地方便可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见最后一段:The readiness with which humans al law themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the "us and them" blind rage,has led to destructive clashes within our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided it self into two imaginary subspecies.And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland.The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory,for not even the Pope has been able to control it.The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion,much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community,or until the combatants become exhausted,所以答案为A。
4. From the passage we can infer that ______.
A.the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens
B.games are psychologically unhealthy
C.any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy
D.the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's activities
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。通过选项回到文章中找相关的句子来推断,便可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第二段段首:In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles.We are always using the words " us and them"."Our" side is perpetually trying to do down the "other" side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack,所以答案为D。
5. The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is ______.
A.founded in historical fact
B.deceptive
C.apparent
D.probably accurate
A B C D
B
[解析] 词义题。通过对文章中illusionary的理解便可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见最后一段第四句:The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory(迷惑人的,虚幻的),所以答案为B。
Passage Four The first way we can approach language is as a phenomenon of the individual person. It is concerned with de scribing and explaining language as a matter of human behavior. People speak and write; they also evidently read and understand what they hear. They are not born doing so; they have to acquire these skills. Not everybody seems to develop them to the same degree. People may suffer accidents or diseases, which impair their performance. Language is thus seen as part of human psychology, a particular sort of behavior, the behavior, which has as its principal, function that of communication. The trouble with the term "behavior" is that it is often taken to refer only to more or less overt, and describable, physical movements and acts. Yet part of language behavior - that of understanding spoken or written language, for ex ample- has little or no physically observable signs. It is true we can sometimes infer that understanding has taken place by the changes that take place in the other person' s behavior. When someone has been prohibited from doing something, we may infer that he has understood the prohibition by observing that thereafter he never behaves in that way. We cannot, of course, be absolutely sure that his sub sequent behavior is a result of his understanding; it might be due to a loss of interest or inclination. So behavior must be taken to include unobservable activity, often only to be inferred from other observable behavior. Once we admit that the study of language behavior involves describing and explaining the unobservable, the situation becomes much more complicated, because we have to postulate some set of processes, some internal mechanism, which operates when we speak and understand.' We have to postulate something we can call a mind. The study of language from this point of view can then be seen as a study of the specific properties, processes and states of the mind whose outward manifestations are observable behavior; what we have to know in order to perform linguistically. This approach to language, as a phenomenon of the individual, is thus principally concerned with explaining how we acquire language, and its relation to general human cognitive systems, and with the psychological mechanisms underlying the comprehension and production of speech; much less with the problem of what language is for, that is, its function as communication, since this necessarily involves more than a single individual.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
A.Language as Means of Communication.
B.Language and Psychology.
C.Language and the Individual.
D.Language as a Social Phenomenon.
A B C D
C
[解析] 主旨题。通过文章的主题句可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见开篇句:The first way we can approach language is as phenomenon of the individual person和结尾段第一句: This approach to language,as a phenomenon of the individual....,这两个句子里都提到了language和the individual,所以答案为C。
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Language is often regarded as part of human psychology.
B.People develop language skills of different degrees as a result of different personal experiences.
C.Language is a special kind of psychological behavior that is born with an individual.
D.People learn to speak and write through imitation and training.
A B C D
C
[解析] 是非题。一误三正,通过选项对应文章中的细节可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第一段里句子People speak and write;they also evidently read and understand what they hear.They are not born doing so(37C不对);they have to acquire these skills(37D对).Not everybody seems to develop them to the same degree (37B对).People may suffer accidents or diseases,which impair their performance.Language is thus seen as part of human psychology(37A对),所以答案为C。
3. What does the term "behavior" in the second paragraph especially refer to in this passage?
A.It refers to observable and physical movements and acts.
B.It refers to the part of language behavior that involves understanding or interpretation.
C.It refers to both the overt and the unobservable language behaviors in communicating.
D.It refers to acts of speaking and writing.
A B C D
C
[解析] 词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见第二段第一、二句话:The trouble with the term“behavior” is that it is often taken to refer only to more or less overt,and describable,physical movements and acts.Yet part of language behavior that of understanding spoken or written language,for example has little or no physically observable signs.所以答案为C。
4. What does "internal mechanism" ( Line 3, Para. 3) mean?
A.Secret machine.
B.Mental processes.
C.Overt system.
D.Mechanic operation.
A B C D
B
[解析] 词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见Para.3第一句because从句we have to postulate some set of processes,some internal mechanism,which operates when we speak and understand,some internal mechanism是对some set of processes的解释,所以答案为B。
5. What can you infer from the passage?
A.Its individualistic approach to language is meant to study the psychological processes of language acquisition.
B.The individualistic approach to language is mainly concerned with how language functions in society.
C.The study of language is sure to involve more than a single individual.
D.Psychological approach to language is concerned with the comprehension and production of speech.
A B C D
A
[解析] 推断题。通过选项回到文章中找相关的句子来推断,便可以得知答案。 [详细解答] 见文章最后一段第一句:This approach to language,as a phenomenon of the individual,is thus principally concerned with explaining how we acquire language,所以答案为A。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible ______ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.
A.scales
B.patterns
C.grades
D.ranks
A B C D
B
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个名词的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] pattern模式,样式。scale规模,比例尺,通常与 on连用;如:on a large scale(大规模地)。grade年级,等级,分数。rank等级,排。
2. Once the vice - chancellor of a university is ______ , he begins his term of office.
A.launched
B.commenced
C.inaugurated
D.initiated
A B C D
C
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个“开始”的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] inaugurate为…举行就职典礼,使…正式就职。 launch发起,创办,发射。如:launch a new enterprise创办新企业。commence开始,着手,其后接动词不定式或动名词。如commence to study law/studying law开始学法律。initiate开始,创始,发起。如initiate an investigation着手一项调查。
3. The company decided to ______ for some assistants in the local newspaper.
A.advertise
B.advocate
C.activate
D.inherit
A B C D
A
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个动词的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] advertise(vi.)登广告,做广告。advocate(vt.)提倡,拥护,主张。如:advocate a change of policy主张改变政策。activate (vt.)使活动起来,使开始起作用。inherit(vt.)继承。如:inherit a large fortune继承一大笔财产。
4. The firm ______ in producing cheap transistor radios.
A.exerts
B.excels
C.energizes
D.exploits
A B C D
B
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个动词的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] excel(vi.)擅长,杰出,常与in或at连用。exert (vt.)尽力,发挥。如:exert oneself努力,尽力。energize (vt.)给予能量,给予活力。exploit(vt.)剥削,利用。如: exploit the natural resources of a country开发国有自然资源。
5. I don' t really know John all that well; he' s just a ______ acquaintance.
17. His ______ for her made him unhappy, because she did not love him in return.
A.affection
B.attraction
C.partition
D.passion
A B C D
A
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个名词的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] affection爱慕,爱情。attraction吸引,吸引力,引力。partition分隔物,隔墙,分割,划分。passion热情,激情,爱好,常与for连用。如:have a passion for music热爱音乐。
18. Mary' s mother had to ______ her dress because Mary is growing so tall.
A.let off
B.let go
C.let out
D.let loose
A B C D
C
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个“let类动词词组”的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] let out放大(衣服等)。let off排放,放过,宽恕。 let go放,松手。let loose释放。
19. This ticket ______ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.
A.confers
B.entitles
C.grants
D.credits
A B C D
B
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个动词的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] entire予以权利,予以资格。常与to连用,构成搭配entitle sb.to sth、confer商谈,商议,注意搭配confer with sb.。或confer on sth.grant给予,授予,(姑且)承认。 credit相信,信任。
20. Your latest project has little ______ of success.
23. Everyone approved of the scheme but when we asked for volunteers they all ______ .
A.hang about
B.hang on
C.hang back
D.hang up
A B C D
C
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个“hang类动词词组”的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] hang back踌躇不前,不情愿。hang about闲荡,闲呆着。hang on等待片刻,抓住不放,取决于。hang up挂断(电话)。
24. People who refuse to ______ with the law will be punished.
A.obey
B.conceal
C.consent
D.comply
A B C D
D
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个“同意”的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] comply(vi.)服从遵守,依从。常与with连用。 obey (vt.)服从,顺从,听从。如:obey an order 服从命令。 conceal (vt.)隐藏,隐满,隐蔽。consent同意,答应。如: consent to a proposal 同意一个提案。
25. Everyone has a legal ______ to provide the tax office with details of their earnings.
30. She found the evening boring and uninteresting, ______ , a waste of time.
A.in short
B.in consequence
C.in general
D.in force
A B C D
A
[解析] 词语辨析题,要求考生能辨析几个“in开头的介词短语”的差别,并能正确使用。 [详细解答] in short总之,简言之。in consequence因此,结果。in general一般来说,大休上。in force声势浩人的,实施中的,有效的。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word , put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. We are all naturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar as ours. 71. ______ You may have noticed about how people who live or work closely 72. ______ together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy these we are 73. ______ close to or love or admire. So a sportsman' s individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan; a pair or lovers both shake 74. ______ their heads in the same way; an employer finds himself duplicating his 75. ______ boss' s habit of wagging (摆动) a pen between his fingers while thinking. In every case, the influential person may consciously notice the 76. ______ imitation but he will feel comfortably in its presence. And if he does notice the 77. ______ matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to them. 78. ______ Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend and acquaintances all 79. ______ their lives. , and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of 80. ______ their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical imitation.
Part Ⅴ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Development of Private Cars. You should write no less than 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 1. 有些人赞成使用小汽车 2. 有些人反对使用小汽车 3. 你的看法
The Development of Private Cars
There is no denying the fact that the development of private cars is a popular topic which is much talked about. Yet opinions of it vary from person to person. Some people claim that there are many advantages in possessing a car. A car offers a greater degree of comfort and mobility. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport, and hence no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxis. With a car he can go where he likes and when he wants, so that he can enjoy his leisure to the full by making trips to the countryside or seaside on weekends, instead of being confined to his immediate neighborhood. However, others strongly object to the development of private ears. They maintain that as more and more cars are produced and run in the streets, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere. Furthermore, private cars contribute to traffic congestion that makes a great nuisance. So far as I am concerned, I fully believe that the advantages of private cars outweigh their disadvantages. What' s more, there are at least two effective ways to cope with the demerits. The first way to tackle it is to appeal to the authorities to take drastic measures to produce less poisonous cars. The other policy that is worth adopting is to build up more roads to reduce the traffic jam. In this way we can succeed in dealing with the problem and make full use of private cars.