C.It is quite possible for the man to find Martha.
D.The man is going to meet Martha at the concert.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: Did you see Martha just now? I want to ask her to go with us to the concert tonight. W: She must be around somewhere. You may still be able to catch her. Q: What does the woman mean?
2.
A.The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.
B.The city was poor because there wasn't much industry then.
C.The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.
D.He might move to another city very soon.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: I can't bear the air pollution in this city any more. It's getting worse and worse. M: You said it. We've never had so many factories before. Q: What does the man mean?
3.
A.The man should work harder to improve his grades.
B.The man will benefit from the effort he's put in.
C.It serves the man right to get a poor grade.
D.It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: Just think I went through so much work on my paper only to get a C. W: Well, I don't think grades are everything. What you've learned in the process will prove useful in your future work. Q: What does the woman imply?
4.
A.She can make a reservation at the restaurant.
B.The man should decide where to eat.
C.She already has plans for Saturday night.
D.The man should ask his brother for suggestions.
A B C D
B
[解析] M: My brother is coming this weekend and I was thinking the three of us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions? W: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants here that well. Q: What does the woman mean?
5.
A.The man deserved the award.
B.The woman helped the man succeed.
C.The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.
D.The woman worked hard and was given an award.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: I couldn't have won the award without your assistance. Thank you very much, M: You've been working so hard. You deserve the honor. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A.Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community.
B.The man's voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.
C.Voluntary work with the environment council requires a time commitment.
D.A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment council.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: I'd like to sign up for some voluntary work with the environment council. I hear it's a great way to connect with the community. W: It sure is. But you'll have to put in a lot of hours. So you must leave some room in scheduling your time. Q: What does the woman imply?
7.
A.The patient must receive treatment regularly.
B.The patient can't leave the hospital until the bleeding stops.
C.The patient's husband can attend to the business in her place.
D.The patient must take a good rest and forget about her business.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Can you tell me when I can leave here doctor? I have some important business to attend to. M: That depends on how your condition reacts to our treatment. You may leave as soon as the bleeding stops. I think that will take a couple of days. Q: What does the doctor mean?
8.
A.Alice does not know much about electronics.
B.Alice is unlikely to find a job anywhere.
C.Alice is not interested in anything but electronics.
D.Alice is likely to find a job in an electronics company.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: I'm told that Alice is trying to find a job in an electronics company. W: As far as I know, she is good at anything but electronics. Q: What does the woman mean?
9.
A.Jimmy is going to set out tonight.
B.Jimmy has not decided on his journey.
C.There is no need to have a farewell dinner.
D.They may have a dinner when Jimmy's back.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: Jimmy is going on a journey tomorrow. Shall we have a farewell dinner tonight? W: Do you think it's necessary? You know he'll be away just for a few days. Q: What does the woman mean?
10.
A.The woman had been planning for the conference.
B.The woman called the man but the line was busy.
C.The woman didn't come [lack until midnight.
D.The woman had guests all evening.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I thought you were going to call me last night about the plans for the conference on language teaching. W: Sorry, I should have, but Tom and Jane stopped by and stayed until midnight. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
Section B
Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving.
B.They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.
C.They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.
D.They are pleased because it saves them much time.
A B C D
C
[解析] 11-13 The Golden Gate Bridge joins the beautiful city of San Francisco with the suburbs to the north. Each day about 100,000 automobiles cross the bridge taking people to and from the city. More than half of them cross the bridge during the morning and evening rush hours. With traffic so heavy, the trip is not pleasant. Now, however, there is at least one group of happy commuters. These are the people who travel under the bridge instead of on it: They go to work by boat and enjoy it so much that most of them say they will never go by car again. The ferry they take is spacious, quiet and comfortable. Commuters can enjoy the sun on deck. In the morning they can have breakfast in the coffee shop, And in the evening they can order a drink in the bar while looking at the beautiful scenery. The trip takes only 30 minutes and is not very costly. But best of all, being on a boat seems to make people feel more friendly to- ward each other. There has already been a marriage of two commuters who met on the ferry. Because the ferry has been so successful, there are plans to use other still larger boats. There is also a proposal for a high speed boat that will make the trip in only t5 minutes. But not everyone is happy about that. A lot of people feel that half an hour is just enough time to relax. 11. According to the speaker, how do commuters feel about crossing the Golden Gate Bridge by car?
2.
A.They don't have their own cars to drive to work.
B.Many of them are romantic by temperament.
C.Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.
D.They tend to be more friendly to each other.
A B C D
D
[解析] What does the speaker say about ferry commuters?
3.
A.Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.
B.Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.
C.Some suggest improving the design of the deck.
D.Some object to using larger luxury boats.
A B C D
B
[解析] How do commuters respond to plans for the future of the ferry?
Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 14-16 How many teeth have you had filled in the past two years? If you follow the advice of Dr. Faustick, you may be able to reduce the number of your visits to a dentist. Dr. Faustick conducted a two-year survey to find out how to prevent or reduce dental decay. 946 students took part in the experiment. 523 students cleaned their teeth within ten minutes of eating. When possible, they used a toothbrush; when this was impossible, they washed their mouth thoroughly with water. The remaining 423 students merely cleaned their teeth when they went to bed and when they got up in the morning. All the students had their teeth X-rayed at the end of the first and second years. At the end of the first year, the night and morning group had three times as many decayed teeth as the clean-after-each-meal: group. At the end of the second year, the latter group had 53 per- cent fewer decayed teeth than the former group. Dr. Faustiek has cleaned his teeth after every meal for thirteen years and has not had a single decayed tooth. He pointed out that sugar is a major agent in dental decay, particularly the sugar in sweets, cakes, and soft drinks. Ideally you should keep a toothbrush in your pocket and use it immediately after you have finished eating. When this is impractical, you can at least make sure that you have a drink of water and let the water through your teeth to force out any particles of food. 7 out of 10 people lose at least half their teeth by the time they are fifty. Many have a complete set of false teeth by that time. In any case, neither toothache nor a visit to a dentist is very pleasant. So it is worthwhile making an effort to keep your own teeth as long as possible. The main preventative agent is simply water. 14. According to the passage, what type of food or drink is most likely to cause dental decay?
2.
A.He has had thirteen decayed teeth.
B.He doesn't have a single decayed tooth.
C.He has fewer decayed teeth than other people of his age.
D.He never had a single tooth pulled out before he was fifty.
A B C D
B
[解析] What does the passage tell us about the condition of Dr. Faustiek's teeth?
3.
A.Brush your teeth right before you go to bed in the evening.
B.Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible.
C.Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals.
D.Clean your teeth shortly after eating.
A B C D
D
[解析] What does Dr: Faustiek suggest to prevent dental decay?
Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
D.His experience in the war between France and Austria.
A B C D
A
[解析] 17-20 The worldwide organization of the Red Cross stems from the idea of Henri Dunant, a Swiss banker. In 1838, at the age of ten, Dunant was taken by his father to visit a prison. There he saw prisoners chained together exercising in the yard and breaking stones along the road. This experience left a deep impression on him and made him determined to do something for convicts and slaves and for all who were oppressed and deprived of their liberty. On 24th June 1859 while on his way from Geneva to France; Dunant witnessed the battie between the French and Austrian armies. It was one of the fiercest battles of the 19th century. Shocked by the lack of medical supplies and attention given to the wounded, Dunant decided that volunteer service had to be organized. He gathered together a number of women who attended the hundreds of wounded soldiers of all nationalities and 'helped the surgeons as best as they could. From that battle, Dunant determined to form a body of people who would rally together in times of war and attend to the needs of the wounded and dying. Dunant held that a suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only without regard to race, religion, or political beliefs. Many European states supported him and on 22nd August 1864, the first Geneva Convention was signed. This lays down that once a soldier is wounded, he and everyone who comes to his help cease to be an enemy. A symbol by which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. As a tribute to Switzerland, the symbol was the Swiss flag reversed. That is a red cross on a white ground. So the Red Cross was born. 17. What first led Henri Dunant to think of helping the oppressed?
2.
A.He sent surgeons to serve in the army.
B.He provided soldiers with medical supplies.
C.He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded.
D.He helped to flee the prisoners of war.
A B C D
C
[解析] What did Henri Dunant do during the battle between the French and Austrian armies?
3.
A.All men are created equal.
B.The wounded and dying should be treated for free.
C.A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment.
D.A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race, religion or political beliefs.
A B C D
D
[解析] What was Henri Dunant's belief when he founded the Red Cross?
4.
A.To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war.
B.To show Switzerland was neutral.
C.To pay tribute to Switzerland.
D.To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why was the symbol of the Red Cross designed with a red cross on white ground?
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them expensive urine (尿). After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment. Or at least that's the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost. The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the B vitamins. It's been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos (胚胎) , and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B 12 and a form of B6 al- so decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair. The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who al- ready have heart disease, the vitamin doesn't seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage. Despite vitamin C's great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes (排泄) any excess. The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that there's enough evidence that they don't hurt and could help.'? If the latter, there's no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems. Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense.
1. At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins __________.
A.could not easily be absorbed by the human body
B.were potentially harmful to people's health
C.were too expensive for daily consumption:
D.could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies
A B C D
A
推断题。题目询问医生曾经不鼓励人们服用多种维生素是因为他们认为多种维生素______ 。根据文章第1句“For years,doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them expensive urine(很多年来,医生告诉病人说服用多种维生素只会让他们排更昂贵的尿)”,我们知道以前医生认为服用多种维生素只会从尿中排出,也就是吸收不了。所以答案为[A]。
2. According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements __________.
A.often result in misleading conclusions
B.take time and will not produce conclusive results
C.should be conducted by scientists on a larger scale
D.appear to be a sheer waste of time and resources
A B C D
B
推断题。题目询问按照作者看来,补充维生素的临床试用______ 。根据文章第2段第3句“But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer(但是那些研究要花费时间,而且所能解决的问题常常没有引发出的问题多)”,可以判断答案为[B]。
3. It has been found that vitamin E ____________.
A.should be taken by patients regularly and persistently
B.can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart disease
C.has a preventive but not curative effect on heart disease
D.should be given to patients with heart disease as early as possible
A B C D
C
推断题。题目询问已经发现维生素E______ 。根据文章第4段,特别是最后一句“It may turn out that vita min E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage(结果可能是维生素E只能起预防作用但无法治疗严重的伤害)”。可以得出答案为[C]。
4. It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins __________.
A.may bring about serious side effects
B.may help prevent excessive bleeding
C.are likely to induce the blockage of arteries
D.are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies
A B C D
A
事实细节题。题目询问我们能看出服用大剂量的多种维生素______ 。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Large doses can cause trouble,including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems(服用大剂量的维生素可能会带来问题,例如大出血和神经系统问题)”,可以判断答案为[A]。
5. The author concludes the passage with the advice that __________.
A.the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of exercise and a balanced diet
B.it's risky to take multivitamins without knowing their specific function
C.the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimated
D.it's reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily
A B C D
D
推断题。题目询问作者结尾建议______。根据文章最后一句“taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense(每日服用多种维生素是很有道理的)”,可以判断答案为[D]。
Passage Two Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge (剧增) of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse (反面) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises. Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife's work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The 'realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family's standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family's financial and emotional stability. Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. Also, a major part of women's inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
1. The word "portend" ( Line I, Para. 1 ) is closest in meaning to "______"
A.defy
B.signal
C.suffer from
D.result from
A B C D
B
语义理解题。题目询问单词“portend”在意思上与什么最相近。原文称:“…the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage.Many women,…would rather work than marry.(进入劳动力市场的妇女急剧增加,将——着拒绝婚姻。很多女性宁愿工作而不结婚)”,因此,该词最合适的含义为“预示着”,“是……的征兆”。答案为[B]。
2. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,________.
A.men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B.more women would get married to seek financial security
C.even working women would worry about their marriages
D.more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
A B C D
D
事实细节题。题目询问根据文中所述,当经济衰退时会出现什么情况。根据第1段最后两句“Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage...As the economy rebounds,the number of marriages also rises(数据表明经济低迷会让人们推迟结婚……当经济回弹时,结婚的数量也上升)”,其中economic down turns即题目所说的when the economy slides,所以答案为[D]。
3. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,_________.
A.they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B.their husbands are expected to do more housework
C.their marriage ties can be strengthened
D.they tend to put their career before marriage
A B C D
C
事实细节题。题目询问如果妇女在家庭之外的工作找到满足时会出现什么情况。根据倒数第二段最后一句“if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home,work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union(如果妇女在家庭之外的工作找到满足,工作和婚姻可以齐头并进形成更强更稳定的联合)”,我们可以推断出答案是[C]。
4. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that __________.
A.they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B.they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C.they feel that their partners fail to hive up to their expectations
D.they tend to suspect their husbands' loyalty to their marriage
A B C D
A
事实细节题。题目询问没有工作的妇女想离婚的一个原因是什么。根据第3段第2句“a wife blocked from a career outrode the home may feel caged in the hduse(没有工作只是待在家里的妻子可能会觉得自己像被困在笼子似地困在家里)”,所以答案为[A]。
5. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's view in the passage?
A.The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.
B.Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.
C.In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent.
D.The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.
A B C D
D
主旨题。题目询问下列综述中哪一个最好地概括了作者的观点。根据全文内容,尤其是最后一句“Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions,it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities(妇女外出工作既有可能产生更牢靠的平等夫妻关系,也有可能造成新的不安定因素,这全取决于夫妇双方对这些新的情况做出怎样的反应)”,可以得出答案为[D]。
Passage Three For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists -- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called "human nature". The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate (天生的) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to "human nature" in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying. Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
1. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by __________.
A.the emergence of the evolutionary theory
B.the historical approach to man
C.new insight into human behavior
D.the philosophical analysis of slavery
A B C D
B
推断题。题目问:“人性”的传统观点受到______的强烈挑战。原文提到三个理由,分别在第2段开头、中间和第3段第1句:“More recently,this traditional view has begun to be questioned.One reason for this change was….Another factor contributing to the tendency to…was that....Another reason for skepticism...probably lies in…”考查题干、选项与原文中的用词,[A]“进化论的出现”是“可能的”(probable)原因,不足以构成“强烈的”(strongly)挑战,可以排除。[C]“对于人类行为的新的认识”范围较窄,原文只是在第二个理由中提到“不人道的行为”(inhuman acts)以及“不良的人类行为”(undesirable human behavior),不足以概括文中提到的三个理由;实际上,文章还谈到了关于人类风俗、价值观、情感等,所以[C]错误。[D]“对奴隶制的哲学分析”原文没有提到。只有[B]“从历史的角度研究人类”符合第一条理由,是答案。
2. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings __________.
A.have some traits in common
B.are born with diverse cultures
C.are born without a fixed nature
D.change their characters as they grow up
A B C D
C
事实细节题。题目询问根据文章所述,人类学家相信人类______。根据第2段第5句“many anthropologists。 arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text (很多人类学家得出结论说,人生来像一张白纸,不同的文化写出不同的篇章)”,既然是a blank sheet of paper,就没有fixed nature,所以答案为[C]。
3. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to __________.
A.emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature"
B.show that the concept of "human nature" was used to justify social evils
C.prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human nature"
D.support the idea that some human traits are acquired
A B C D
B
推断题。题目询问作者提到古希腊伟大的思想家的目的是什么。结合提到Aristotle的那句话(第2段倒数第 3句)最后的“defended slavery(维护奴隶制)”及其前一句“…the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed (该概念经常被滥用于维护许多非人性的行为)”,不难看出slavery和inhuman acts都属于田)中提到的social evils,而两句中的defend和shield恰恰体现了[B]中的justify。
4. The word "untenable" ( Line 3) in the last paragraph of the passage most probably means __________.
A.invaluable
B.imaginable
C.changeable
D.indefensible
A B C D
D
语义理解题。题目询问出现在文中最后一段的单词“untenable”最可能的意思是什么。倒数第一段第2句“Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution,the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.(一旦把人看作是在进化过程中不断发展的,那么,认为在人的本性中含有某些特性的观点似乎就______了。)”显然最合乎逻辑的选项是“站不住脚的”,“不能防卫的”,答案是[D]。
5. Most philosophers believed that human nature
A.is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B.consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C.is something partly innate and partly acquired
D.consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
A B C D
A
推断题。题目询问大多数哲学家相信人性______。根据文章开头两句中“human nature,something that constitutes the essence of man... such an essence exists—that is to say,that there is something by virtue of which man is man(构成人的本质的‘人性’……确实存在人性,也就是说,存在人为什么是人的原因)”,可以得出答案为[A]。
Passage Four Richard Satava, program manager fur' advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者). "With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are. wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical units that operate on the soldier. Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing to-ward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery. During these procedures-operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered-surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine."
1. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine __________.
A.will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield
B.can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield
C.will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield
D.can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield
A B C D
C
推断题。题目询问依照理查德所说,把虚拟现实应用于现实________。第2段第1句“With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench(有了虚拟现实,我们能够把外科医生布置到每一个战壕中去)”。第3段又详细介绍了Satave眼中未来战地医院应用虚拟现实的情景。[A]错在physically一词;[B]中的spirits文中未提及;文中未说虚拟设备能使手术时间变短,[D]不正确,所以得出答案为[C]。
2. Richard Satava has visions of ____________.
A.using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas
B.wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield
C.wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons
D.setting up mobile surgical units overseas
A B C D
A
推断题。题目询问理查德想像________。根据第2段和第3段"He envisaged(题目中用has visions of)a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S.(他想像着在海外作战受伤的战士被安置在装有电脑的移动手术台,而电脑会把战士的图像传回给在美国的外科医生)”,可以得出答案[A]。
3. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
A.It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.
B.Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.
C.Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.
D.A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.
A B C D
C
事实细节题。题目询问如何进行虚拟现实手术。根据第3段最后一句“The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier(战士在战场上的移动手术台上动手术,而医生将控制手术台上的遥控设备)”以及第4段的细节描述,可以得出答案为[C]。
4. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because _______.
A.he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen
B.the cuts can be examined from different angles
C.the cuts have been highly magnified
D.he is wearing 3-D glasses
A B C D
D
事实细节题。题目询问在虚拟手术期间,医生可以更清楚地看到身体上的伤口是因为什么。根据倒数第二段第1句中“surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view(医生戴着三维眼镜来更好地观察)”,可以得出答案为[D]。其他三个答案都不是最终原因。
5. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they __
A.cause less pain to the wounded
B.allow the patient to recover more quickly
C.will make human surgeons' work less tedious
D.are done by robot surgeons with greater precision
A B C D
D
综合理解题。题目询问相较于传统手术,虚拟现实是很大的进步,因为它——。主要根据对全文的概括,同时结合倒数第二段最后一句中“more accurately than human surgeons can(,比人类外科医生更准确)”推出答案是[D]。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure
1. He suggested that we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite _______.
10. At present, it' is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion that there is a causal relationship between the amount of fat we eat and the _______ of heart attacks.
15. There are occasions when giving a gift _______ spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity.
Part Ⅳ Error Correction Thomas Malthus published his "Essay on the Principle of Population" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters have being warning that worldwide famine was S1. _______ just around the next corner. The fast-growing population's demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their S2. _______ supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation. But in reality, the world's total grain harvest has risen steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble S3. _______ spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the world's food crisis has remained just S4. _______ around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue even as if the population doubles by the mid-21st century, S5. _______ although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons; Optimists S6. _______ point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, more S7. _______ fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, S8. _______ rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few S9. _______ stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason S10. _______ for hope.
[解析] and连接两个对称结构,此处应均为比较级:fewer stems and more seeds。
10.
crop→crops。
[解析] crop意为“作物,庄稼”时为可数名词,要用复数形式。
Part Ⅴ Writing
1.
Reduce Waste on Campus
1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重 2.浪费的危害 3.杜绝浪费,从我做起
Reduce Waste on Campus
Nowadays, there is an increasingly serious phenomenon on campus-waste. Rows of lights glare in studentless classrooms, residue of rice and dishes jam in the waste buckets, taps of water weep with nobody doing washing around... Such sights are so common yet so serious that it is high time that they were eliminated, because now we are living in a world short of fresh water and it is not exaggerating to say that every drop of water is precious. And although many of us don't have to worry about lack of food any more, there are still millions who are starving somewhere in the world. If we do not cherish things we have today, sooner or later we will be short of them, since many resources cannot be recycled. To reduce waste on campus, everyone should discipline himself: Turn off the light when you are the last to leave the classroom. Use metal or plastic chopsticks instead of disposable ones-and eat up! Keep a teacup in your school bag rather than throw each bottle away after it becomes empty!