1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of congratulation. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below. 假设你是刘敏,你的朋友伊丽莎白因工作能力和学习能力突出获得了去华盛顿大学进修MBA的机会,请写一封信祝贺她。 1.祝贺朋友获得海外进修的机会 2.分析获此机会给朋友带来的影响 3.表达良好的祝愿
[范文]
A Letter of Congratulation
Dear Elizabeth, I am delighted to hear that you are invited to study for an MBA in Washington University next year. Congratulations! I say "delighted" but not "surprised" because I know how hard you have worked and how successful you have been in your studies so far at Zhejiang University. Washington University's Business School enjoys a high reputation. I'm sure your MBA studies there will give you exactly the challenges you need to develop your abilities even further. The school and you have so much to offer each other, and the result can only be good for both. A Washington University MBA will be a wonderful qualification for the business career that you have been dreaming of for a long time. You should have many desirable jobs to choose from when you graduate. I wish you every success in your studies in Washington University.
Yours, Liu Min
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
[听力原文]
W: Hello, Mike. Did you enjoy the weekend in Paris?
M: Yes, it was great, mom. Look, I bought you a bottle of wine and a necktie for dad.
W: Thank you, dear. That's lovely. But you did not have to do that.
M: Well, I don't often buy you presents, and I don't often go abroad, either.
W: You had been to London, Liverpool and Edinburgh, hadn't you? Anyway, tell me about your trip. What did you do on Friday night?
M: Well, we had a quite good flight, and we got to the hotel at about seven p. m. We had a super dinner. Then Clive, Tim and I went to a bar.
W: Just you three?
M: Yes, no one else wanted to come. All the others were too tired. Then on Saturday morning, we did some shopping and of course, we watched the international rugby football match in the afternoon. The match was drawn, but England was lucky, not to lose.
W: Where else did you go? Didn't you look around the Louvre?
M: Yes, but it was a lightening visit and we went up the Eiffel Tower, too. But we didn't have much time for else. We were told not to be late for checking in at the airport, and we had to rush like mad. When we got there, though, we found we needn't have hurried, because the flight had been delayed for an hour.
W: What else did you buy, then?
M: Let me see. A few souvenirs. Some postcards. A bottle of perfume for Janet. Nothing else because I ran out of money. By the way, can you lend me 100 pounds, morn?
W: So that's the price of my French wine, is it?
What did Mike buy for his father?
[解析] 男士在对话中直接提到给妈妈买了葡萄酒,给爸爸买了一条领带,故选B。
2.
A.He went to sleep in the hotel.
B.He watched a rugby football match.
C.He did some shopping with his friends.
D.He went to a night club with his friends.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
What did Mike do after a super dinner on Friday night?
[解析] 对话中男士提到,他们在到达酒店并吃完丰盛的晚餐之后,他与克莱夫和蒂姆去了一家酒吧,故选D。
3.
A.He has been to UK several times.
B.He bought a bottle of perfume for his mother.
C.He missed his return flight.
D.He didn't go to the Eiffel Tower.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]
What do we know about Mike from the conversation?
[解析] 对话中女士提到男士曾经去过伦敦、利物浦和爱丁堡,这些都是英国的城市,可知迈克去过英国几次了,故选A。
4.
A.He wanted to buy more gifts.
B.He had to pay for the French wine.
C.He had spent all his money over the weekend.
D.He planned to go to Edinburgh next weekend.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
Why did Mike want to borrow some money?
[解析] 男士最后提到他买了一些纪念品、明信片,一瓶香水,之后就没有买其他的了,因为他把钱花光了,因此向妈妈借钱,故选C。
[听力原文] M: Obviously from Seattle, there are many famous people. W: Ah, yes, from Seattle. We have Jimmy Hendrix. M: Wow! I love Jimmy Hendrix. W: Yeah, he is a very famous musician, and we have his statues on the street in Seattle and he's quite the star in Seattle. But he's no longer around unfortunately. M: I know, really unfortunate. What an unfortunate death. W: Yes. M: Any other famous Americans? W: Well, there are plenty of famous Americans. Somebody in America who won the Nobel Peace Prize and his name as most of everybody listening probably already knows is Barack Obama. M: Oh, really, 1 heard that. I read that in the newspaper this morning. W: Yeah, it's pretty amazing. He's the President of the United States. It's quite early to give the Nobel Peace Prize for not really having done anything yet, his slanderers say. But his supporters are really happy. It's a big prize. But it's also a lot of pressure for one man in America to hold. He has to hold up to the pressure. M: Is there any famous sports people? W: Well, one person I can think of that's very famous in America is Michael Phelps. He is a young twenty-something guy who is probably the best swimmer in history. M: Oh, Ian Thorpe is. W: He won many gold medals in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. He probably won the most. He broke the record for having won the most. I believe it was eight gold medals for a swimming competition. M: I think Ian Thorpe only won six in one Olympics. Michael Phelps takes it out.
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
A.They make students overly dependent on search engines.
B.They weaken students' ability to study on their own.
C.They make students easily distracted.
D.They improve students' research habits and skills.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence—and a not-so-good influence—on this generation of American teenagers. More than 2, 000 middle and high school teachers took an online survey. Researchers also spoke with teachers in focus groups. Three-quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a positive effect on their students' research habits and skills. But 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an "easily distracted generation with short attention spans. " And 64 percent said the technologies "do more to distract students than to help them academically. " Many students think "doing research" now means just doing a quick search on Google. Judy Buchanan is deputy director of the National Writing Project and a co-author of the report. She says, "Teachers really like these tools because they are ways to make some of learning exciting and engaging. Young people love these tools, which can help them become creators of content, and not just sort of consumers. " But one problem the survey found is that many students are lacking in digital literacy. In other words, they trust too much of the information they find on the Internet. Judy Buchanan says these students have not developed the skills they need to judge the quality of online information. Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all:being able to quickly find information online. Teachers say the result is a reduction of the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers. They say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research librarians. Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities. How do three-quarters of the teachers think about the Internet and digital search tools? [解析] 短文开头部分提到,接受在线调查的教师中有四分之三的教师认为互联网和数字搜索工具对学生的“研究习惯和技巧”起到了积极的作用,因此选项D“提高学生的研究习惯与技巧”与短文内容相符。
2.
A.They help them become more creative.
B.They draw their attention to online learning.
C.They make their learning more convenient.
D.They help them know more information.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] According to Judy Buchanan, why do young people like the Internet tools? [解析] 短文中提到,Judy Buchanan说互联网工具会帮助年轻人成为网络信息的创造者,而不仅仅是使用者。因此选项A“帮助他们变得更有创造性”与短文内容相符。
3.
A.Doing research online.
B.Using the Internet tools.
C.Judging online information.
D.Obtaining online information.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] According to the survey, what ability do many students lack when facing the Internet? [解析] 短文中提到,调查发现很多学生缺乏数字素养,接着又解释道:他们过于相信网络上搜到的信息。因此选项C“判断网络信息的能力”符合短文内容。
4.
A.Saving too much money for students.
B.Saving too much time for students.
C.Making students unwilling to work hard to find answers.
D.Making students addicted to online information.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] According to the passage, what is the problem of finding information online quickly? [解析] 短文最后部分提到,教师认为互联网工具能让学生们快速查找到网络信息,而这会让他们努力学习寻找答案的欲望和能力下降。因此选项C“使学生不愿通过努力学习去寻找答案”符合短文内容。
[听力原文] In the United States many have been told that anyone can become rich and successful if he works hard and has some good luck. When one becomes rich he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he still wants people to think that he is. That's what "Keeping up with the Joneses" is about. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American named Arthur Momand. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with their neighbors; they try to look as rich and as successful as their neighbors. He saw the furry side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it "Keeping up with the Joneses", because "Jones" is a very common name in the United States. "Keeping up with the Joneses" came to mean keeping up with people around you.Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 32 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. That is one reason why they read the "right" books, go to the "right" universities and eat at the "right" restaurants.
Every city has an area where people want to live because others will think better of them if they do. And there are "Joneses" in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses, because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
According to the speaker, what impression do many Americans want to leave on others?
[解析] 短文说,当人们富有了他们希望别人知道,甚至并不很富有时也希望别人认为他们富有,所以B正确。B项中的well-off对应开头重复了3遍的rich,achieve a lot对应录音中的successful,同义替换是答案。
6.
A.Trying to keep pace with your next-door neighbors.
B.Trying to keep in contact with your neighbors.
C.Trying to get along well with people around you.
D.Trying to look as wealthy as people around you.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
What does the expression "Keeping up with the Joneses" mean?
[解析] 选项为努力达到某种目的,听到录音中的try to时要注意后面的动词。短文说,这个习语的意思是“和左邻右舍比排场,比阔气”。所以D正确。选项中的“try”就是最好的提示语,录音中try后面就是答案所在。
7.
A.Its creator published short stories in newspapers for years.
B.It spread across the country with the common name.
C.Many people used it when they praised their neighbors.
D.Most children were amused when they heard the saying.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]
How did the expression "Keeping up with the Joneses" get popular?
[解析] 根据选项可预测题目问某事是如何广泛传播的。短文说,Momand的系列短篇小说在全美各家报纸上连载,长达32年之久。可见这个习语就是这样广为流传的,所以A正确。只有A中的关键词short stories in newspapers是录音提到的,听到什么选什么。
8.
A.It will inspire people to keep striving.
B.It will boost the social economy.
C.It will exhaust and disappoint people.
D.It will enhance interpersonal relationship.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
What does the speaker think of the practice of "Keeping up with the Joneses"?
[解析] 根据选项可预测题目问某事的影响。短文说,但是人们一定会对和邻居比阔气感到厌烦的,所以C正确。三个选项表达的是正面影响,只有C是负面的,而录音末尾中的tired与C中的exhaust同义。
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
C.The knew how to control an airplane from the beginning.
D.They lacked research funding.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Today we are going to talk about the controls of an airplane. Umm, but as you know, I like to talk a bit about the history of things. People generally credit the Wright brothers for having accomplished the first manned flight of an airplane. Their work is very astonishing when you consider they had to do all their own research and there were few precedents for them to look to. Even something as simple as controlling the airplane had to be imagined, tested, developed, and perfected. Over the past 100 years, the technology of airplanes has changed, but the controls are still similar. You see, an airplane has three axes. Each axis has its own set of fins built into the aircraft's wings. When a pilot moves the fins in the air stream, they react with the air pressure to turn the aircraft. There are three basic turns of today's airplane. A turn in the lateral axis can make the plane move up or down. A turn in the vertical axis can make the plane left or right. The third axis is the longitudinal axis. This turns the plane spin or roll. For the first two types of turns, the fins turn in the direction of the desired turn. For a spin, the fins turn in opposite directions. To make a turn on the lateral or vertical axis, a pilot needs only to turn the fins in the direction of the desired turn. For example, if the pilot wants to turn left, he would turn the vertical axis left. The air stream that flows around the aircraft would change, and the aircraft would turn left. To achieve a spin, the fins go in opposite directions. For example, to spin clockwise, the right fin would turn down, so the right side of the aircraft drops. The left fin would turn right, so that the left side of the aircraft would rise. With one side rising and one side dropping, the aircraft then would perform a spin or roll.
Why does the speaker say Wright brothers' invention is astonishing?
[解析] 演讲人明确提到You see, an airplane has three axes. 由此可知,一架飞机有三个轴线,由后文可知分别为:横轴线、垂直轴线和纵轴线,故选项C为答案。
3.
A.Make a turn in the longitudinal axis.
B.Make a turn in the vertical axis
C.Make a turn in the lateral axis.
D.Make a turn in any axes.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] How to make an airplane move up or down according to the lecture?
[解析] 听力原文中提到现今的飞机有三种基本转向。包括:A turn in the lateral axis can make the plane move up or down. A turn in the vertical axis can make the plane left or right. The third axis is the longitudinal axis. This turns the plane spin or roll. 由此可知,能让飞机上升或者下降的是水平轴上的转向,故选项C为答案。
4.
A.Turn the fins in the desired direction.
B.Turn the fins together in the same direction.
C.Turn the right fin up and left fin right.
D.Turn one side rising and one side dropping.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What should a pilot do if he wants the plane to spin?
[解析] 听力原文中提到With one side rising and one side dropping, the aircraft then would perform a spin or roll. 由此可知,想让飞机旋冲,要让飞机的一侧升高,而另一侧下降,故选项D为答案。选项B和C的信息听力原文未提及,而选项A为飞机升降和左右转向的操作方法。
[听力原文] Moderator: Good evening, ladies and gentleman. Today we are honored to have Professor Barnett who is an expert in dolphin study. And he will introduce to us the unique characteristics and living conditions of dolphins. Professor Barnett, please. Professor Barnett: Thank you for your introduction, Lisa. Well, one of the most intelligent animals on the planet is the dolphin. These unique animals have been regarded highly by humans for many centuries. In ancient Greece, if sailors saw dolphins swim by their ships when they were starting out on a voyage, they believed they would have good luck. One unique characteristic that makes them different from other sea animals is the way that they communicate. Dolphins use sound, touch and taste in order to learn about their world; however, unlike dogs, dolphins cannot smell. They use a whistle or sound waves to see and feel their way around their environment. This makes them different from many other sea animals and also helps them communicate with people. Another unique thing about dolphins is that the bones in their fins are similar to those in human arms and hands. However, the connective tissue that surrounds the bones forms a flipper instead of a hand with individual fingers. Even though dolphins live in the oceans, they do not drink the salt water around them. Their bodies absorb water from the wide variety of creatures they eat. Loving a dolphin is an easy thing to do but, unlike a dog or a cat, the dolphin cannot come home with you from the ocean. That is why many people like collecting dolphin souvenirs. One can find many such things in almost every shop around the world. Even the ancient people painted the images of dolphins on their vases. However, dolphins are sometimes hunted in places like Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from habitat loss and marine pollution. Dolphins have been depicted in various cultures worldwide. Dolphins occasionally feature in literature and film. Dolphins are sometimes kept in captivity and trained to perform tricks, but breeding success has been poor and the animals often die within a few months of capture. The most common dolphins kept are the killer whales and bottlenose dolphins.
Q: What makes dolphins different from other sea animals?
[解析] 解题思路:四项均为名词性短语,各项的关键词汇分别为extraordinary intelligence,special bones in their fins, way they communicate和way they get water。根据这些关键词汇可推测题目可能考查的是某一特征或行为方式。听音时应重点关注相关信息。 本题问的是海豚与其他海洋动物的不同之处。讲座中提到:“海豚有别于其他海洋动物的一个独一无二的特点是它们的交流方式……它们通过口哨声或声波来观察周围的环境和游动。这一点使它们有别于许多其他海洋动物。”故选C项。选项中的the way they communicate是原词复现。需要注意的是,讲座中另有一处也提到了海豚的独特之处,即“海豚的另一个独特之处在于它们的鳍骨与人类手臂及手掌的骨骼相似”,但题目问的是与其他海洋动物的不同之处,所以B项不正确。
6.
A.They love to keep them as pets just like cats and dogs.
B.They love them but cannot live with them.
C.They can find many stores selling such souvenirs.
D.They believe such souvenirs can bring good luck.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Q: Why do many people enjoy collecting dolphin souvenirs?
[解析] 解题思路:四项均为以they开头的句子。四项的关键词汇分别为:love to keep them as pets, love them but cannot live with them, find many stores和believe...bring good luck。首先应辨明they和them的指代对象,听音时应重点关注与选项中的关键词汇有关的内容。 本题问的是人们喜欢收集海豚纪念品的原因。讲座中提到:“爱上海豚很容易,但是,海豚不同于狗或猫,你不能将它们从海洋中带回家。而这正是很多人喜欢收集海豚纪念品的原因。”故选B项。选项中they指代的是many people,而cannot live with them是对讲座中cannot come home with you from the ocean的同义替换。其他三项都不符合讲座内容,可排除。
7.
A.They made them swim around their ships.
B.They painted their images on some items.
C.They hunted them in great numbers.
D.They trained them to perform tricks.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Q: What did ancient people do with dolphins?
[解析] 解题思路:四项均为以they开头的一般过去时的句子。四项的关键词汇分别为:made them swim, painted their images, hunted them和trained them。本题考查的应该是与过去有关的内容,听录音时首先应辨明they, their和them的指代对象,然后将听音重点放在与各个选项的关键词汇有关的内容上。 关于古代的人们对海豚做了些什么,原文中提到:“甚至连古代的人们都在花瓶上绘上海豚的图案。”由此可见他们将海豚的图案绘制在某些物品上,故选B项。选项中的they指代ancient people, their和them的指代对象是海豚,而some items对应讲座中的their vases。A项干扰性较强,讲座前面部分提到:“在古希腊,水手们准备出海远行时如果看到海豚在船边畅游,他们相信自己将会交上好运。”并不是让海豚在自己的船边畅游,故排除A项。C项和D项都不符合题意,也可排除。
8.
A.They are hunted in many places except Japan.
B.They have been protected thanks to literature and film.
C.They have adapted to the life in captivity.
D.They are losing their habitat and clean sea.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Q: What's happening to the dolphins?
[解析] 解题思路:四项均为以they开头的句子,描述的内容与其生存状态相关(are hunted, have been protected, have adapted to和are losing their habitat)。听音时应重点关注与各选项中的关键词汇有关的内容,并将其与题干问题相对应。 本题问的是海豚目前的遭遇,讲座中提到:“除了受到围猎捕杀,它们还面临着栖息地丧失和海洋污染的威胁。”由此可知答案为D项。其中,losing their habitat and clean sea是对讲座中habitat loss and marine pollution的同义替换。C项干扰性较强,但根据讲座中的“海豚有时会被人工驯养,接受训练表演特技,但海豚的繁殖成功率极低,被捕获的海豚通常在数月之内就会死去”可知此项有误,应排除。
[听力原文] Good morning. Today I'd like to talk about electronic cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices designed to deliver nicotine with flavorings and other chemicals to users in vapor instead of smoke. They can be manufactured to resemble traditional tobacco cigarettes, cigars or pipes, or even everyday items like pens or USB memory sticks; newer devices, such as those with tillable tanks, may look different. More than 250 different e-cigarette brands are currently on the market. While e-cigarettes are often promoted as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes, which deliver nicotine by burning tobacco, little is actually known yet about the health risks of using these devices. Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of sickness and mortality, responsible for over 400,000 deaths in the United States each year. E-cigarettes are designed to simulate the act of tobacco smoking by producing something that looks and feels like tobacco smoke and delivers nicotine but with less of the toxic chemicals produced by burning tobacco leaves. Because they deliver nicotine without burning tobacco, e-cigarettes appear as if they may be a safer, less toxic alternative to conventional cigarettes. Although they do not produce tobacco smoke, e-cigarettes still contain nicotine and other potentially harmful chemicals. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug, and recent research suggests nicotine exposure may also prime the brain to become addicted to other substances. Also, testing of some e-cigarette products found the vapor to contain toxic chemicals. The health consequences of repeated exposure to these chemicals are not yet clear. Some people believe e-cigarette products may help smokers lower nicotine addiction while they are trying to discontinue their tobacco use. However, at this point it is unclear whether e-cigarettes may be effective as smoking-cessation aids. There is also the possibility that they could perpetuate the nicotine addiction and thus interfere with quitting. Because e-cigarettes are not currently marketed either as tobacco products or as devices having a therapeutic purpose, they are not regulated by the FDA. In addition, there is currently no regulation of the liquids that are used in e-cigarettes. So, there are no accepted measures to confirm their purity or safety.
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's 1 difficult. This is especially tree of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these 2 : It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the 3 editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her 4 . That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be 5 , but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even 6 , you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair bearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应)and dismissive rejection, even of a 7 idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to 8 a "What if... ?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they 9 the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of 10 . A. worthless B. politely C. negotiate D. scenarios E. confrontations F. appropriate G. simultaneously H. surprisingly I. refine J. executive K. intelligence L. immature M. authority N. arrogantly O. determine
Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Dogs Make Employees More Productive at Work
A. Leib Lurie never intended for his company, message delivery service One Call Now, to be pet-friendly. But his dog, Ivy, had other ideas. Five years ago, the German shepherd showed up unannounced at One Call Now's Troy, Ohio-based office—a 1.5-mile trek from Lurie's home. When he continued make the trip each day he wasn't brought to the office. Lurie realised it was time for a change in company policy. Today, four or five employee's dogs, as well as a variety offish, birds, and other caged animals join Ivy in the office daily to make One Call Now a workingman's menagerie (动物园). "They are not very good at sending voice messages," Lurie jokes of the pets in his office. "But we've gotten them down with using the computer, at least the point part." B. One Call Now joins a growing force of companies across the United States to welcome pets in the workplace. While only 17 percent of US employers currently allow animals in the workplace, according to a survey from the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, pet-friendly, often specifically dog-friendly, environments are building steam. From major companies like Google, Zynga, and Amazon, to growing start-ups, more canine companions are showing up to work. C. For many entrepreneurs, the inception of a dog-friendly environment begins long before offices enter the picture. "My dog, Blueberry, was the founding dog," explains Randy Hetrik, founder of TRX Traning. "Literally, it was him and me before any other people came in, so he takes great pride in what we've accomplished." As Hetrik built his company, he never forget his first partner. Today, up to ten dogs wander with Blueberry through the four floor of TRX's San Francisco office. Many pet- friendly work environments develop as a part of the company's larger mission or company culture. After spending years in uptight corporate climates, Nancy Squires founded her own consulting firm, The Squires Group, with a distinctly honey atmosphere, which included her two Italian greyhounds. Marketing software company GY's dog-friendliness fits into the animal-friendly climate of their mountain town Bend, Oregon, as well as the company's own cultural backbone. "We try to have a culture that promotes freedom for the employees and helps them thrive," says G5 CEO Dan Hobin. "If that involves bringing your dog to work, bring your dog to work." D. Having dogs underfoot might seem to some like a distraction, but advocates of animals in the workplace see quite the opposite. Dogs in the office foster friendlier, more collaborative work environments. At G5, this includes dogs posing as mascots for the company's various divisions. "Everyone rallies around the dogs," Hobin says. E. Employees surrounded by dogs also have a tendency to rally around their jobs. According to a survey of 50 small and large companies by the American Pet Products Manufactures Association in 2008, companies that allow pet in the workplace see a lower rate of employee absenteeism (旷工) and more willingness to work longer hours. "There are a lot of people who know they have to spend extra hours at work, particularly in this economic climate," says Debrah Schnackenberg, vice president of emergency services for the American Humane Association. "People feel comfortable spending that extra hour or two at the offices when they know their dog is right there with them." F. Dog-friendliness may generate more loyalty for the company as a whole. In the last two years. One Call Now has seen a two or three percent turnover rate. Lurie attributes this small number in part to the office pets. "You ask someone who is in a $12-an -hour job, 'Would you work anywhere else?' And they say, 'No way.' Where else could I bring my dog to work?" he says. This sense of loyalty stems from a simple concept: Dogs make people happy. "They're always happy to see you, they're happy for the smallest things, and they're ever optimistic," says Hetrik. "Having a dog wandering around just seems to make people smile." G. In high-performance or high-stress work environments, dogs can not only spread smiles but also ease tension. Taking a walk, practising a trick, or even absentmindedly scratching a dong behind the ear allows even the most worked-up employee to relax and reprioritise. "It's their cigarette," says Squires. "The dogs are a sense of peace, gentleness, a diversion, something other than what we define as work. I think it's great break." H. And, a dog break is certainly healthier than a smoke break. Numerous studies have shown that having the companionship or even being in the presence of a pet, for instance in the workplace, lowers blood pressure and cortisol levels while heightening endorphins and oxytocin, the hormone linked to maternal bonding. Such an emotional connection is healthy for your dog as well. "Dogs bond to their humans and would rather be with them than not," says Schnackenberg. "From an emotional well-being perspective, it's healthy for a dog to be with their owner throughout the day." I. With their many attributes and benefits, dogs play a critical role in pet-friendly company's hiring processes. All of aforementioned companies and many more like them use their dogs in the interview process to introduce potential employees to the corporate. Their reactions to the animals also serve as a compatibility test. "I've never met a dog-friendly person who wasn't a customer-friendly person," says Lurie. "And we hire customer-friendly people." J. The dog un-friendly or the allergenic, however, need not apply. "You try to build a company of people who can rally around a vision, and dogs play a part of that," Hetrik says. "People who look at that and say how stinky or hairy or whatever probably aren't people that are going to mold well into the casual, rough and tumble, work hard, play hard in the work environment that I've created." K. The Squires Group maintains a similar mantra (口号), "If people don't dogs, there may be another part of the company they don't do," Squires says. "I'm not saying they're bad people or that they wouldn't be great for other companies, but they wouldn't fit our company greatly." L. Companies considering introducing a dog-friendly work environment should consider adopting a pet policy. When advising companies in this transition, the American Humane Association suggests highlighting clear rules about when you can bring your dog in, what behaviour is expected, and what happens when the pet or person does not conform to those rules. M. Many small companies adopt these advised policies, but govern their pets a more ad hoc (非正式的) manner. After a few minor "accidents", G5's HR Department developed a detailed pet police to include in the company handbook. "I don't think I actually ever read it," admits Hobin. "In short, though, the policy is to be responsible and respectful." N. At TRX, dogs are under the same considerations as people. "You would't tolerate a lot of barking, snapping and snarling from the people you work with," Hetrik says, "Neither should you tolerate it from the canine pals they bring to work. We're pretty clear on all that." Growing companies should also be flexible to change the stipulation in their policy as they develop. O. Adjustments to the TRX pet policy are under consideration as the company intends to expand its workforce from 120 to 300 employees. The company may introduce a sign-up, limiting the total number of dogs to the current two to three per floor. No matter the changes, though, dogs will remain a fixture in the company. "Dogs were part of the fabric from the very beginning," says Hetrik. "And they'll be here until the very end. I like having these pups around."
1. According to G5 CEO Dan Hobin, employees can bring their dogs to work as long as they thrive with their dogs' company.
C
[解析] 题目中的G5 CEO Dam Hobin,bring their dogs work和thrive可以将本题定位于C段末句。C段末句提到G5公司的首席执行官·霍宾的看法:我们试图创造一种提升员工自由度和有助于他们生活健康的文化……如果这种文化需要带狗上班,那就带它来。由此可知,员工可以带狗上班的前提是狗的陪伴有助于员工生活健康。
2. Schanackenberg says that dogs' being with their owners throughout the day is good for dogs' emotional well-being.
H
[解析] 题目中的Schnackenberg,dogs' being with their owners throughout the day和emotional well-being 将本题定位于H段末句。H段末句提到施纳肯贝格的看法:从情绪健康的角度看,让狗跟主人整天待在一起有助于狗的健康。
3. We can learn from the study by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association that more businesses welcome pets in the workplace.
B
[解析] 题目中的the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association和in the workplace将本题出处定位于B段第2句。根据美国宠物用品制造商协会的调查,虽然目前只有17%的美国雇主允许动物进入工作场所,但营造接纳宠物(特别是宠物狗)的环境正在不断发展。也就是说,越来越多的企业欢迎宠物进入工作场所,故本题正是对该句的转述。
4. According to Squire, people who don't like dogs are not fit for company The Squires Group.
K
[解析] 题目中的Squires和The Squires Group将本题定位于K段。K段提到The Squires和The Squires Group的观点:如果一个人跟狗无法相处,那么公司别的方面也会有这个人无法适应的地方。我不是说他们不好或不适合其他公司,但他们真的不太适合我们公司。题中的people who don't like dogs与该段中的people don't do dogs对应,are not fit for与wouldn't fit对应。
5. To some degree, the low turnover rate of One Call Now was attributed to its pet-friendly policy.
F
[解析] 题目中的turnover rate,One Call Now和attributed将本题定位于F段第2、3句。在过去的两年中,One Call Now只有百分之二到三的员工流失率。吕里把这个小数字部分归功于办公室的宠物。题中的To some degree与该段第3句提到的in part对应,the low turnover rate of One Call Now was attributed to与attributed this small number...to对应。
6. Leib Lurie realised he should change the company to be pet-friendly when his pet dog showed up in the office daily.
A
[解析] 根据题目中的Leib Lurie realised和change可以将本题出处定位于A段第4句。A段第4句提到,在每个没有被带到办公室的日子里,它(即吕里的狗艾维)都持续穿行这段距离,于是吕里意识到是时候改变一下公司的政策了,题中的his pet dog showed up in the office daily对应该句中提到的he continued to make the trip each day,故本题正是对该句的转述。
7. Lurie believes that a dog-friendly person is a customer-friendly person.
8. TRX is considering adjusting its pet policy as it intends to increase the number of its employee.
O
[解析] 题目中的TRX,considering adjusting its policy,intends to和employees将本题定位于O段首句。随着TRX准备把员工人数从120增加到300,公司也在考虑调整宠物政策。题中的is considering与文中的are under consideration对应,its pet policy与the TRX pet policy对应,as it intends to与as the company intends to对应,increase the number of its employees与expand its workplace from 120 to 300 employees对应。
9. According to advocates of animals in the workplaces, dogs in the office won't distract employees from their work.
D
[解析] 题目中的advocates of animals in the workplace和distract将本题出处定位于D段首句。有人觉得有狗在身边会分散注意力,但支持带宠物上班的人看法却正好相反,也就是说,支持带宠物上班的人认为狗在身边不会分散员工的注意力。
10. The American Human Association advises companies to make and highlight clear rules their transition to dog-friendly companies.
L
[解析] 题目中的The American Humane Association advises companies和highlight clear rules in their transition可以将本题出处定位于L段第2句。美国慈善协会建议公司在过渡期应该制订并强调清晰的规矩。题中的advises companies to与文中的advising companies和suggests对应,in their transition to dog-friendly companies与in this transition对应。
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions; professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that There's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
1. The phrase "untaught mind" (Line 1, Para.1) is closest in meaning to ______.
2. What does the author use to compare with creativity?
A.Education.
B.Music.
C.Cheese.
D.Football.
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。题干问,作者将创新与什么相比较。原文第一段Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score,明确表明创新如同足球一样,那些最好的球员也会错失良机,射门没进球的次数远高于射进的次数。
3. What is the major difference between inventors and ordinary people?
A.Inventors possess more creative thinking.
B.Common people are more likely to focus on daily issues.
C.The way they deal with ideas.
D.Inventors receive higher education.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。题干问,发明创新者与普通人的区别。原文第二段指出The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach,后两句即具体解释说明此句含义。虽然每个人都有自己的想法,但发明家会钻研并证明其可行与否,但普通人只把想法当做抽象概念,不会去实施。可知,approach在此语境下指对待想法的方式。
4. Why does the author mention Rudolph Flesch in paragraph 3?
A.To state a new topic.
B.To further illustrate the ideas giving in paragraph 2.
C.To make a comparison and contrast with previous examples.
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Ordinary people would like to set out an easy way.
B.Innovators are both painstaking and creative.
C.What appears to be true does not mean the same.
D.If they may be guided to dead ends, innovators will choose not to seek challenges.
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。需要选出不正确的一项。选项D,创新者如果知道前方是死胡同,他们便不会再寻求挑战。原文最后一段,“The innovator...are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.”即使会被带入死胡同,创新者们仍然会选择更加有趣与有挑战性的一条路。
Passage Two Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat beyond what is considered normal for a person's age, sex, and body type. In today's society obesity is considered a disease, not a moral failing. It occurs when energy intake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time. Only in a small minority of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism, or the result of taking medications, such as steroids (类固醇), that can cause weight gain. The more a person weighs, the more blood vessels the body needs to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart takes on a heavy burden as it has to pump harder to force the blood flow through so many vessels. As a result, the heart grows in size and blood pressure tends to rise. Obesity is also a factor in osteoarthritis (because of the extra weight placed on the joints), hone and joint diseases, respiratory ailments, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher accidental death rate. Obesity can alter hormone levels, affect immune function, and cause impotence in men and reproductive problems in women. Women who are 30% overweight are twice as likely to die of endometrial cancer, and those who are 40% overweight have four times the risk. Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast, ovaries, and gallbladder. Obese men are more likely to develop cancers of the rectum, colon, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and prostate. Obesity can also cause psychological problems. Sufferers are associated with laziness, failure, or inadequate willpower. As a result, overweight men and women blame themselves for being heavy, thus causing feelings of guilt and depression. Scientific evidence has found an association between BMI (body-mass index) and higher death rates. However, the relative risk of being heavy declines with age. Some researchers have found that data linking overweight and death are inconclusive, while other researchers have found that losing weight may be riskier than dangers posed by extra pounds. Some researchers counter that overweight indirectly contributes to over 300, 000deaths a year. A poll by Shape Up America found that 78% of overweight or obese adults have abandoned dieting as a means of losing weight. Diets do not teach people how to eat properly. They merely restrict food intake temporarily, so when the diet ends, weight gain resumes.
1. Which of the following expresses the main idea of this passage?______
A.Obesity puts a burden on the heart.
B.Many people are constantly dieting.
C.Obesity is considered to be a disease.
D.Obesity can lead to many serious health problems.
3. According to the passage, why does dieting not result in permanent weight loss?______
A.Diets don't teach people good eating habits.
B.Diets lead to people's guilt and depression.
C.There are too many diets and each has different requirements.
D.Diets cause feeling of deprivation.
A B C D
A
[解析] 文章最后一段指出“节食并不能教会人们合理饮食。节食只不过是在短期内限制食物的摄入,所以当节食结束后,体重增长会再次继续”,选项A的内容与此完全吻合,所以本题选A。选项B中的guilt and depression出现在文章的第四段,是指肥胖引起的心理疾病,与节食无关。选项C和D在文中均未提及。
4. Which of the following is implied in Paragraph 5?______
A.Losing a lot of weight is not wise for older people.
B.Some surgical methods for weight loss are better than dieting.
C.All obese people need to shed their extra pounds.
D.Obese people should consult their doctors about the pros and cons of losing weight.
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
Grit is a willingness to commit to long-term goals, and to persist in the face of difficulty. Studies show that gritty people obtain more education in their lifetime, and earn higher scores in university. People who lack grit more often than not believe that they just don't have the innate abilities successful people have. Actually, effort, planning, persistence, and good strategies are what it really takes to succeed. Embracing this notion will not only help you see yourself and your goals more accurately, but also do wonders for your grit.