1. You should write a letter of thanks based on the outline given below in Chinese. 在你生病住院期间,同班同学过来看望你,为此你给他们写信来表达你的感激之情,并告知现状。 写作导航 1.对同学的探望表示感谢; 2.阐述同学的探望对自己带来的帮助; 3.表明目前自己的现状; 4.再次表示感谢并落款。
[范文]
A Letter for Gratitude
Dear Classmates, First of all, please allow me to say "Thank you" to all of you. It is very kind of you to spare your valuable time during the period of final examinations and come to see me. Your visit has brought me much confidence and power to overcome the illness. During the first several days in hospital, I felt quite lonely, anxious and frightened. I was almost collapsed by some pessimistic thoughts. But then you shown up, along with your smiling faces and warm words. Your appearance has made me feel that I am the luckiest person in this wonderful world. Now I regard the illness as nothing but a chance to harden myself. These days my condition has obviously improved thanks to the careful treatment by the doctors and nurses. I will probably get recovered in a couple of weeks. I hope that I can see you earlier. Again, special thanks go to all of you.
Sincerely Yours, Li Ming
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
[听力原文] W: Would you mind telling us what you would like to be doing five years from now? M: It might be premature for me to predict this. Hypothetically speaking, I might be able to do your current job as a director. W: What range of pay scale are you interested in? M: Money is important, but the responsibility that goes along with this job is what interests me most. W: How would your acquaintances describe you? M: They would say Mr. Li is a sincere, industrial and reliable man who deeply cares for his family and friends. W: What personality traits do you admire? M: I like people who show the "Can-do" spirit. W: What leadership qualities do you stress as an administrative personnel? M: Learning how to motivate people and to work together as a team will be the major goal of my leadership. W: How do you usually handle criticism? M: Silence is golden. Just don't say anything, otherwise the situation could become worse. I do, however, appreciate constructive criticism. W: How do you deal with your disagreement with your colleagues in your work? M: I will try to present my ideas in a clearer and more civilized manner in order to get my points across. W: How will you behave in time of failure? M: None of us is supposed to be "perfect." I am sure I will be given a second chance to correct my mistake.
What's the man's attitude toward the woman's question about his five year career plan?
2.
A.Money is the most important.
B.Responsibility means more than salary.
C.High salary results from good performance.
D.Future income is more important than the starting salary.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What is the man's idea about salary?
3.
A.Motivation and teamwork.
B."Can-do" spirit.
C.Honesty and responsibility.
D.Diligence and cooperation.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What leadership quality does the man think is important?
4.
A.By quarreling with them.
B.By listening to them.
C.By communicating with them.
D.By being indifferent to them.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] How does the man handle the conflict with colleagues?
[听力原文] M: Could you hand me the white pepper? W: Why white pepper and not black? Aren't they the same thing? M: They are from the same plant, but the white pepper is milder and it has a more subtle flavour. W: How? M: Well, it depends on how ripe it is when it's picked. You surely ask a lot of questions. W: That's because you have all the answers. Did you learn about this stuff in cooking school? M: Yeah, we studied all kinds of herbs and spices. W: It's interesting. How do we get black pepper then? M: Well, the peppercorn is actually a fruit. It grows on vines. It's not really black or white. It turns from green to yellow, to red, as it ripens. For black pepper, you pick it when it's still a little immature, and then it's dried. W: Dried in darkness? M: Well, the skin turns dark as it dries. W: Does that mean white pepper is pepper without the skin? M: Exactly. It is put to dry in the sun after the skin has been wrapped off. It's also matured a little longer than black pepper. W: So they do all that just to get a milder peppercorn? M: For synthetical reasons. Some chefs like the idea that it keeps white sources white. W: These green peppercorns are interesting. I've never seen them before. M: Green pepper has a very distinctive flavour. W: So it must be picked when it's really young. M: Right. It's either put in a liquid or freeze dried to keep its colour. W: Well, you are quite the pepper expert, aren't you? M: Oh, a good chef's got to know all the spices. W: I'll be the judge of that. Let me taste. Hmm, you passed.
[解析] 根据上1小题可知,本题选项中的it指pepper。结合in a cookbook, from a friend和in cooking school可知,本题可能考查男士了解pepper的渠道。对话中女士问男士Did you learn about this stuff in cooking school?男士给出肯定回答(yeah),故答案为C。
7.
A.It's easier to grow.
B.It has a fruity flavour.
C.It's more pure than other types of pepper.
D.It helps maintain the colour of certain sources.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] According to the man, why do some cooks prefer white pepper?
[解析] 选项中的easier to grow和fruity flavour表明,本题可能考查pepper的优点。在说到白胡椒时,男士提到“Some chefs like the idea that it keeps white sources white.”,即不会改变汤汁的颜色,故答案为D。
8.
A.The woman likes what the man has just cooked.
B.The man received a good grade in cooking class.
C.The woman is indifferent to the man's knowledge.
D.The man answered all the woman's questions correctly.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What can we learn from the conversation?
[解析] 选项中重复出现的the woman,the man以及其中的likes,received和indifferent表明,本题可能考查女士或男士的行为态度或喜好。对话结尾处女士说男士做的东西很好吃(Let me taste. Hmm, you passed.),故答案为A。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
[听力原文] Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another: If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter has the skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as "workmanship". Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good and original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized the final result will not be standard. Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may be joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feelings at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar. Good music will stand the test of time. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be "the newer the better", the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.
What is the feature of a piece of original music?
[解析] 短文开篇就对original music作了解释:“原创音乐是个性和个人的表现。”之后还进一步解释说“这样的音乐很容易被识别出属于某个作曲者”。因此,A为正确答案。B未提及;C、D与原文不符。
2.
A.It combines different feelings together.
B.It can express some very confusing feelings.
C.It exaggerates some special feelings.
D.It expresses feelings in an appropriate way.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
How are feelings expressed in a piece of good music?
[解析] 短文提到,好的音乐以一种适合情感的方式来表达情感,由此推断D为正确答案。A未提及;B、C有所提及,但更像是bad music的特征。
3.
A.The newer the music is, the longer time it will last.
B.It is easy for music to gain a permanent status.
C.Good music always stands the test of time.
D.Good music needn't be tested by time.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
What does the passage say about the relationship between time and music?
[解析] 短文提到,好的音乐能经受住时间的考验。故C为正确答案。A、B均未提及,D与原文不符。
4.
A.Pop music's biggest test is the test of time.
B.Pop music's tunes do not have very clear styles.
C.Pop music may not express any important feeling at all.
D.Pop music may exaggerate some feelings.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]
What do we learn about pop music according to the passage?
[解析] 预读选项时可知,题目问的一定是流行音乐的特点,注意听原文中提到流行音乐的地方。讲到流行音乐时,录音说“时间是对流行音乐最大的考验”。其余各项都是对原文细节内容的张冠李戴。
B.Double walls were built in icehouses to keep cool.
C.Blocks of ice were packed with weed in icehouses.
D.Ice was put into icehouses in winter.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Years ago before there were refrigerators, an ice house was a building used for storing ice. The first icehouses were in the cellars of farmhouses. Pieces of ice, mixed with snow and meadow grass, were piled in winter and kept until the following summer. Soon farmers began to build separate houses for storing ice. These icehouses had double walls with hay stuffed between to keep out any heat. Blocks of ice were put inside the icehouse and packed with straw or sawdust. Where did the ice for these ice-houses come from? Workers took it from a frozen pond or river. They sawed the ice into even blocks. They then pulled the ice blocks from the water with hooks and carried them to the icehouses on sleds. Special tools helped the workers cut and handle the ice.Ice axes chopped large holes in the ice. Ice saws cut the ice into even blocks. Choppers loosened these blocks from one another. Ice hooks fastened themselves into the large blocks. Then they could be carried over the frozen surface of the pond or river. Tongs were used to pick up the smaller blocks of ice. Ships carried ice all over the world. In 1799 the first boatload in the United States was sent from New York City to icehouses in New Orleans, Louisiana. A boatload was sent from Boston, Massachusetts, to the West Indies to help fight yellow fever in 1805. Ice merchants in Boston also shipped tons of ice from ponds and rivers to cities in Europe.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step for farmers to store ice in icehouses?
[解析] 细节题。文中说到冬天把冰放在冰库里,农民建立独立屋子储存冰块,为了防止热量进入,建造了双层墙。原文中谈到将冰块放到冰屋后塞满稻草或锯屑(straw or sawdust),而非杂草(weed)。
6.
A.The ice was cut and handled with the help of some special tools.
B.The ice was taken from the flowing river with hooks and carried by sleds to icehouses.
C.The ice was carried on the frozen surface of the pond or river.
[听力原文] Which of the following is the correct order in which workers cut and handle ice?
[解析] 细节题。削切和处理冰块先后用到的是斧子、冰锯、斩刀、冰钩和钳子。
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
[听力原文] Peter: Morning, boys and girls. Today we are glad to have Miss Wilson here to give us a lecture about dressing. Mrs. Wilson is a famous etiquette teacher. Hi, Miss Wilson, welcome. Miss Wilson: Thank you. Well, I guess all of us care about our personal appearance, right? In fact, how we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are willing to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion. Most fashion magazines try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us that we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an important person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War 11, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter; the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in certain situations and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be impolite to visit some well-known scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either. When do people care about personal appearance the most during the lifetime? [解析] 听力原文中提到In fact, how we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life,指出我们人生中可能没有哪个阶段会比我们在十几岁和二十岁出头的时候更在乎自己的形象以及在他人眼中的样子了,由此可知,人们最在乎个人形象的年纪应该是十几岁和二十岁出头的年纪,故选D。
2.
A.Enable us to meet new people and deal with things confidently.
B.Improve one's personal appearance and other people's impression.
C.Show more respect to others and improve interpersonal relationship.
D.Dress properly while avoid spending too much money.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] According to most fashion magazines, what's the benefit of following their advice? [解析] 听力原文中提到很多时尚杂志都试图劝说我们要按照一定的方式穿衣或行事,随后说到If we do, they tell us that we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment, 指出如果我们照做,我们可以因此而有自信地面对新认识的人,并且丝毫不感觉尴尬地自信应对各种状况。四个选项中,A项符合原文,故选A。
3.
A.It's hard to choose among fashion houses.
B.Clothes in fashion become more expensive.
C.The society is much freer and easier today.
D.Appearance doesn't worry people anymore.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Why do people no longer follow fashions they dislike today? [解析] 听力原文中提到Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else, 指出和过去相比,现在的社会更加自由和包容,再也没有必要和别人穿得一样,随后提到人们可以因为时尚而随意穿着。因而C项正确,故选C。
4.
A.It's necessary to follow the fashion trend.
B.People should care about appearance in all situations.
C.It is not necessary to feel depressed for your appearance.
D.In certain situations personal appearance is still of importance.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What does the speaker emphasize at the end of the speech? [解析] 听力原文后面提到At the same time, appearance is still important in certain situations and then we must choose our clothes carefully, 指出个人形象在有些场合还是很重要的,我们必须仔细挑选衣服。随后以面试法律公司的工作和拜访知名学者的着装为例加以说明。最后说到不用因为自己穿得不像最新时尚照片上那样而难过,其他的人也都是这样。由此可知,D项表述符合原文,故选D。
A.The difficulties of industrialization in North America.
B.The influence of industrialization on people's life.
C.The negative effect of industrialization in North America.
D.Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Industrialization came to the United States after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year—30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life. The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the change of the way in which workers made goods. Since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs—even without technological improvements—had broadened the scope of the work system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extent of the work system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by skilled shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously skilled shoemakers would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting the price. Entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the creative inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers. Q: What is the talk mainly about? [解析] 解题思路:四个选项都为名词性短语,三项含有industrialization,四项的重点分别在difficulties, influence, negative effect和improved ways上。本题应该和工业化主题有关,听音重点应放在讲话着重叙述的是有关工业化的哪个方面。 讲话开头部分说制造业中出现的革新使产量得到了史无前例的提升,而后面提到“产量的大幅提升主要得益于工人的生产方式的改变”,在最后又说明新技术使工厂能够制造出大量做工精良的商品,由此可知讲话主要介绍了北美工业化时美国生产方式的改进,所以选D。B项“工业化对人们生活的影响”并不是主要内容;A项和C项内容讲话中未提及。
6.
A.To provide an example of how entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended work system.
B.To provide an example of how entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output.
C.To provide an example of how rural workers responded to shoe bosses.
D.To provide an example of how changes in the work system improved the quality of shoes.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Q: Why does the speaker mention the shoe industry? [解析] 解题思路:四个选项中前两个选项都提到了“增加产量”,后两个选项则分别提及了“鞋业老板”和“鞋的质量”。听音重点应放在提及产量增加和鞋的内容上。 讲话者是在表明“产量的大幅提升主要得益于工人的生产方式”之后提到制鞋业的。通过改变鞋的生产方式,即A项中提到的“拓宽工作系统”,“使得鞋的产量在鞋价降低的同时实现了极大增长”,故选A。B项中说“使用技术革新”,但讲话中明确表明“在即使没有技术革新的情况下”,故排除。其他两个选项中所说的老板与工人的关系以及鞋的质量,都没有提及,应排除。
7.
A.They were located away from large cities.
B.They used new technology to produce power.
C.They did not allow flour to cool before it was placed in barrels.
D.They combined technology with the work system.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Q: According to the talk, how did later mills differ from the mill built by Oliver Evans? [解析] 解题思路:四个选项均以they开头,分别提及了四个方面,即位置、动力、冷却以及技术和系统的结合。听录音时注意听清they的指代对象,把重点放在以上四个方面。 讲话中提到,奥利弗·埃文斯制造出自动化程度很高、由水力带动的节力型磨粉机,之后还介绍了其操作流程。然后提到,生产商后来使用固定式蒸汽机带动磨粉机运行,也就是说与奥利弗·埃文斯制造的磨粉机相比,新式磨粉机采用了新技术来产生和提供动力,故选B。A项和D项内容讲话中均未提及。冷却的内容只在说到奥利弗·埃文斯制造的磨粉机时提及过,而之后的磨粉机没有提及,故排除C。
8.
A.It became easier for factory owners to find workers and customers.
B.Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.
C.The amount of power required for factories' operation was reduced.
D.Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Q: Which of the following is mentioned as a result of improvements in factory machinery? [解析] 解题思路:四个选项所陈述的重点不同,分别为find workers and customers, employ more highly skilled workers, the amount of power required以及operate more than one engine。听音时应重点关注这些关键信息。 讲话最后阐明了新技术(也就是“机器改进”)所带来的几大结果:在全国最大的城市中建立工厂、利用城市中的廉价劳动力及便利的运输系统并获得热切的顾客。由此可知A项正确。其他三项都不符合讲话内容,应排除。
A.Comparing the medical situations in a couple of countries.
B.Finding out how the British think of general practitioners.
C.Focusing on the medical care unemployed people received.
D.Checking how tutors get involved into their postgraduates' study.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] I have been doing some research into what people in Britain think of doctors, the ones who work in general practice—the first call for medical care—and comparing this with the situation in a couple of other countries. I want to talk about the rationale behind what I decided to do. Now I had to set up my program of research in three different countries so I approached postgraduates in my field in overseas departments, contacting them by email, to organize things for me at their end. I thought I would have trouble recruiting help but in fact everyone was very willing and sometimes their tutors got involved too. I had to give my helpers clear instructions about what kind of sample population I wanted them to use. I decided that people under 18 should be excluded because most of them are students or looking for their first job, and also I decided at this stage just to focus on men who were in employment, and set up something for people who didn't have jobs and for employed women later on as a separate investigation. I specifically wanted to do a questionnaire, and interviews with a focus group. With the questionnaire, rather than limiting it one specific point, I wanted to include as much variety as possible. I know questionnaires are a very controlled way to do things but I thought I could do taped interviews later on to compensate the effects of this. And the focus group may also prove useful in future, by targeting subjects I can easily return to, as the participants tend to be more involved. So I'm just comparing the results now. At the moment it looks as if, in the UK, despite the fact that newspapers continually report that people are unhappy with medical care, in fact it is mainly the third level of care, which takes place in hospitals, that they are worried about. Government reforms have been proposed at all levels and although their success is not guaranteed, long-term hospital care is in fact probably less of an issue than the media would have us believe. However, I've still got quite a bit of data to look at. Certainly I will need to do more far-reaching research than I had anticipated in order to establish if people want extra medical staff invested in the community, or if they want care to return to fewer, but larger, key medical units. The solution may well be something that can be easily implemented by those responsible in local government, with central government support of course.
What is the theme of the speaker's research?
[解析] 录音开头提到,说话者正在做的研究是有关英国人如何看待医生(doctors),之后又补充说是在全科诊所(general practice)工作、与病人直接接触的医生,这类医生在欧美称作“全科医生”(general practitioners),故B项“找出英国人对全科医生的看法”正确。A项中的对象the medical situations错误,录音是说比较不同国家的人对医生的看法,而不是比较“不同国家的医疗情况”。C项“关注失业人员享有的医保”仅复现录音个别原词,其内容并没有在录音原文中提到。D项利用录音中提到tutors、get involved、postgraduates等词干扰,“检查导师如何干涉其研究生的研究”并非说话者研究的内容。
10.
A.Reforms on medical care.
B.The first level of medical care.
C.The cost of medical care.
D.Medical care in hospital.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What are people in the UK mainly worried about regarding medical care?
[解析] 录音中说话者提到了就目前研究数据显示,在英国,尽管报纸常常报道人们对于医疗服务的不满,但不满主要集中在第三级的医疗(third level of care),即发生在医院里的医疗服务(takes place in hospitals),因此选D项。A项“改革医疗服务”是政府正在做的工作,与题目无关。B项错是first,录音原文说的是third“第三级”。C项“医疗费用过高”未在录音中提及。
11.
A.To know how many extra medical staff are needed.
B.To clarify the responsibility of government.
C.To find out what people really want in medical care.
D.To arouse central government's attention and support.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Why does the speaker need to do more research?
[解析] 说话者在最后说他需要作进一步研究,目的是了解人们对于医疗服务的真正需要,是更多的社区医疗人员还是少而精的大型综合医院,C项“了解人们对医疗的真正需求”概括上述内容,为正确答案。A项虽然复现录音的people want extra medical staff invested,但录音前面还有if“是否”,表示人们是否需要更多的医护人员,而不是人们还需要多少医护人员,两者有区别。B项“明确政府的职责”没有在录音中提到。D项“引起政府的注意和支持”利用原词government、support等作干扰,其内容没有实质根据。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Using a computer or smartphone at night can cause us to pile on the pounds, new research has revealed. The study found a link between blue light exposure—blue light is 1 by smartphones and tablets—and increased hunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for several hours and even increases hunger levels after eating a meal. Results of the US study show that blue-enriched light exposure, compared with 2 light exposure, was 3 with an increase in hunger that began 15 minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after the meal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 4 in the evening increasing the risk of insomnia. Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of Northwestern University, in Chicago, said: "A single three-hour exposure to blue-enriched light in the evening 5 impacted hunger and glucose metabolism." "These results are important because they suggest that manipulating environmental light exposure for humans may represent a novel 6 of influencing food intake patterns and metabolism." The study group 7 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received 8 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed a four-day trial under dim light conditions, which involved exposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 9 and less than three lux during eight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux, blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects were compared with dim light exposure on day two. Ms Cheung said more research is needed to determine the 10 of action involved in the relationship between light exposure, hunger and metabolism. A. exposure B. awake C. associated D. emitted E. related F. acutely G. comprised H. sleepiness I. agencies J. significant K. approach L. identical M. dim N. mechanisms O. slightly
Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. A. With his dry wit and impeccable (无瑕疵的) style, James Bond has been defying death and mining the plans of evil madmen in service of Queen and country for more than 50 years. From his first appearance in a 1953 novel to his leading role in one of the most successful franchises in film history, Bond has traveled to more exotic locations, romanced more women, escaped from more harrowing death traps and saved the world more times than any other secret agent, real or fictional. B. Much about the early life of James Bond remains unclear, befitting a secret agent. Even the date of his birth is in dispute—early accounts suggest various dates in the 1920s, implying that modern-day chronicles (记载) of his exploits recount the events of decades past. His Scottish father worked for a British arms manufacturer and was killed while mountain climbing along with Bond's Swiss mother when James was eleven. The orphan attended several prestigious schools before enlisting in the Royal Navy during World War Ⅱ, where he rose to the rank of commander. Following the War, he entered the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), also known as MI6, short for 6th Branch of the Military Intelligence Directorate. His first two assignments were assassinations, which led to his permanent designation as a "double-0" agent, one with a license to kill in the line of duty. As the seventh such agent, he was designated Agent 007. C. Bond is no mere foot soldier. His undercover assignments have taken him to exotic locales that include volcanic islands, Las Vegas, Paris, India, Tokyo and even a space station. He usually operates under an alias (化名), usually as a representative of Universal Exports. His charm and charisma are reinforced by his taste for fine suits, fast cars and his signature beverage: a dry martini, shaken, not stirred. Bond's missions bring him into contact with both sophisticated elites and shady underworld figures. In both situations, he has repeatedly demonstrated (and overcome) his one true weakness—he can't resist a beautiful woman. D. Although Bond is a gifted athlete and well-trained in martial arts, he doesn't have to rely on his wits and physical prowess alone. The Q Branch of MI6 regularly outfits 007 with clever devices, usually in the form of a mundane object that hides an explosive, a gun or another key item. He also has access to heavily modified experimental vehicles, and often carries a hidden escape device or a means of communicating with his handlers in an emergency. When all else falls, he keeps a Walther PPK. 32 caliber (口径) handgun tucked into a shoulder holster, though he also uses other weapons when needed. E. Bond's missions have varied wildly, but one thing is always consistent: MI6 deploys him when nothing else matters more than getting the job done. Bond is considered a "blunt instrument" of the crown, a man who can accomplish difficult missions regardless of the political, financial or personal consequences. F. The first screen appearance of James Bond was in a pilot (试播节目) for a CBS TV series. Based on the novel "Casino Royale," the pilot flopped and the series was never made. Fleming's novels would eventually be made into a successful series of films, starting with "Dr. No" In 1962. The 20 official Bond films released since then (prior to the release of 2006's "Casino Royale") have made about $3.8 billion worldwide, and over $1.2 billion in the United States. Five different actors have played the role of James Bond in the official films. Daniel Craig is the sixth Bond, appearing in the 2006 "reboot" of the franchise. G. Sean Connery was the first James Bond, playing the role in six movies from 1962 to 1971. Although Fleming reportedly disliked Connery at first, he was eventually won over, even working a Scottish father into the literary Bond's ancestry to reflect Connery's own background. Connery's Bond was closer to the version depicted in Fleming's novels, though he did inject more humor into the character. H. George Lazenby took over the role for one film, "On Her Majesty's Secret Service," in 1969. Having had no prior acting experience, Lazenby's performance is largely derided by most Bond fans. In fact, his acting career virtually ended after that film, and Connery took the role back for one more official Bond film in 1971. From 1973 to 1985, Roger Moore left an indelible mark on the Bond character. Moore's Bond is generally kinder and more genial than Connery's, and this era gave birth to some of the more outlandish exploits, involving space stations, super lasers and other science fiction elements. I. Timothy Dalton's two-film run in the late 1980s was seen by many as a return to the character's roots. The Dalton films are darker and more cynical. However, lawsuits tied up the Bond franchise (特权) for several years, and when they resumed in 1995, it was time for a new Bond. Pierce Brosnan played Bond four times from 1995 to 2002. For younger fans of the series, he is the only Bond. His wry smile and dry wit are reminiscent of Roger Moore's portrayal of Bond, but Brosnan also guided the character forward. Daniel Craig is the sixth actor to play Bond and is also the only blond to take the role. Including 2006's "Casino Royale," he is signed to a three-film contract. Like all other "new Bonds" before him, Craig's selection caused some controversy and angered some fans of the series. J. The Cold War and anti-Nazi plots of the '60s and '70s were outdated by the time the franchise started up again in the mid-1990s, so the modem Bond became tied up in media wars, terrorist plots and high-technology threats. Although each film is unique, they tend to contain certain elements. K. Fast-paced Action. The core of any Bond film is the fast-paced action. Car chases, daring leaps from buildings or mountains, hand-to-hand combat, gunfights, narrow escapes from death traps, even boat and airplane chases are all vital to the success of a Bond film. Bond always pulls off these sometimes preposterous (荒谬的) sequences with panache and style. L. Humor. A Bond film is not a gritty exploration of the espionage (侦探) underworld or a high-minded glimpse into global politics. Even at the most tense moments, Bond finds time for a one-liner, dryly delivered with a half-smile. M. Visual Beauty. James Bond doesn't get into a car chase while driving a Pinto through Detroit. He drives a Lotus Esprit along a winding mountain road that overlooks a stunning rain-forest. His cases take him to golden beaches, vibrant jungles, even crystal ice palaces. A mission might require him to attend a high-cost charity auction held in the penthouse of an expensive hotel. N. Bond Girls. The selection of each Bond Girl is almost as anticipated as the casting of a new James Bond. A Bond Girl is not just beautiful—she is also a "femme fatale", a woman that will cause Bond great trouble when he inevitably finds himself attracted to her. Some of them are outright villains, while others have their own tragic stories and vulnerabilities that make Bond feel protective. Bond usually wins the girl, but sometimes she betrays him and sometimes she dies in his arms. O. Bond's popularity has inevitably led to imitation and parody (滑稽的模仿). Comedy series like the cartoon "Inspector Gadget" took elements of James Bond and mined them for material. Perhaps the most well-known Bond parody is Mike Myers' "Austin Powers" series. In these films, the secret agent is thawed out after several decades of being frozen, which explains why he retains his "swinging '60s" attitude and fashion sense. James Bond is more than just a fictional character: the franchise has defined the espionage thriller and will surely influence this genre for decades to come.
(选自Newsweek)
1. Sean Connery, the first actor of Bond, presented the hero more closely following the description of Fleming's novels.
10. The most important element of a Bond film is the fast-paced action.
K。
[解析] K]段主要介绍了任何邦德电影的核心都是快节奏的武打动作。题干中的The most important element对应原文中的The core of,故选K。
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors—drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school—can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing. But a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the "invisible risk" group by the study's authors. "In some ways they're at greater risk of falling through the cracks," says researcher Vladimir Carli. "While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors." The study's authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the "invisible risk" group, scored high on three in particular.. They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected "other healthy activities." The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression. The findings caught Carli off guard. "We were very surprised," he says. "The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large—nearly one third of our sample—that it became a key finding of the study." Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.
1. What does the author mean by saying "Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign" (Lines 1-2, Para. 1)? ______
A.Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers.
B.Teenagers' mental problems are getting more and more attention.
C.Teenagers' mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.
D.Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据原句直接定位至第1段。 题目实际是询问首句的意思,其中关键是对neon sign“霓虹灯信号”的理解。此处可根据下文内容进行推断。第1句提到这些青少年的危险行为(risky behaviors),如酗酒、吸烟等,可以引起家长和老师的警惕(alert)。而文章在第2至4段提到另外一类行为,如沉迷媒体、睡眠不足、久坐,作者将这些行为形容为not usually seen as a red flag“不起警示作用”、invisible“隐形的”、easily overlook“易被忽略”、inconspicuous behaviors“不明显的行为”。由此结合“霓虹灯”可知,首段提到的第一组行为是明显的,不易被忽略的,故C项“青少年的精神问题通常很明显,易被发现”正确,且注意其中的conspicuous正好是原文inconspicuous的反义词。 从“霓虹灯”本身特点:非常耀眼、常用作招牌、在夜间吸引顾客,也可推断“霓虹灯”的意思应该是“较为明显的……”。注意文中用like a neon sign来修饰wear,即用“霓虹灯”来比喻青少年表现问题的方式,而不是想说他们有精神问题,故A项“很多青少年都有精神问题”不对。B项“青少年的精神问题得到越来越多的关注”偏离重点,文中是说症状足够明显,能引起关注,而非引来越来越多关注。D项“抑郁和焦虑是最常见的精神问题症状”也是偏离主题,文章只是用抑郁症和焦虑作心理问题的举例,至于它们是否是最常见的症状,文中并没有提到。 [参考译文] 患上抑郁症、焦虑症和自杀风险的青少年常常会像霓虹灯一样,清楚地显示他们身处麻烦。他们的危险行为,如酗酒、吸毒、吸烟和逃学,提醒着父母和老师,严重的问题正在酝酿之中。 但一项新的研究发现,另一种青少年很可能同样面临着类似的精神症状:他们沉迷于网络媒体,没有足够的睡眠,而且不爱活动。 当然,这听起来像是对地球上每个青少年的描述。但该研究发出警告,将这三项习惯进行到极端状态的青少年会面临真正的危险。因为他们这些行为通常不被视作危险的信号,所以研究的作者将这类人称为“隐形风险”组。 研究员弗拉基米尔·卡利说:“在某种程度上,他们的行为更容易被忽视。虽然大多数家长、教师和临床医生会对吸毒或醉酒的青少年采取行动,但他们可能容易忽视青少年的这些不明显的行为。” 该研究的作者调查了12395名学生,并分析了九种危险行为,包括过度饮酒、吸毒、重度吸烟、沉迷媒体和逃学。他们的目的是确定这些风险行为和青少年心理健康问题之间的关系。 约58%的学生没有或几乎没有表现出危险行为。约有13%的学生在所有九个危险行为中得分都较高。而29%的学生属于“隐形风险”组,尤其在以下三项中得分非常高:每天花费五个小时或以上在电子设备上;每晚睡6小时或更少;忽视“其他健康活动”。 在所有九种危险行为中得分最高的组最可能有抑郁症的症状:该组中,合共有近15%的学生表示抑郁,而低危组只有4%。但是隐形风险组并不落后于高风险组,其中超过13%的学生有抑郁症状。 调查结果是卡利没有想到的。“我们非常惊讶,”他说:“高危组和低危组是否有症状的答案非常明显。但这第三组的结果不仅出乎意料,而且特点鲜明,占比大(近三分之一),它成为这次研究的关键发现。 卡利说,这次研究最重要的一点是,它为父母、教师和治疗精神疾病的医护人员提供了新的预警信号,而尽早识别并提供帮助和治疗,是防止精神问题恶化成精神完全失常的最好方法。
2. What is the finding of the new study? ______
A.Teenagers' lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years.
B.Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief.
C.Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media.
D.Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据题干中的finding of the new study定位至第2段。 本题询问这项新研究的发现是什么,故第2段finds that后的内容即为答案。文章首先指出另一组受调查的青少年有第1段所述的精神问题(the same psychiatric symptoms),之后列举了三种行为,即沉迷媒体、睡眠不足、久坐。第3、4段将这些行为形容为not usually seen as a red flag“不起警示作用”、invisible“隐形的”、easily overlook“易被忽略”、inconspicuous behaviors“不明显的行为”。结合这些信息可知,行为不易被人注意的人也可能有精神方面的疾病,D项“很多没有被注意到的青少年也许有心理问题”正确。 A项“青少年的生活方式近些年发生了重大改变”是利用文中的lifestyle作干扰。虽然第3段首句提了这些生活方式非常普遍,但并不能说明这些生活方式是近些年才发生的变化,故排除A项。B项“很多青少年借毒品和酒精解决精神压力”,文中在第1段提到的是危险行为的表现,这与研究无关。C项“有精神问题的青少年通常沉迷于媒体”是对第2段内容的错误逆推,沉迷于媒体是有精神问题的一种表现形式,但并不代表有精神问题的就通常是沉迷媒体,故C项说法不正确。
3. Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the "invisible risk" group? ______
A.Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.
B.Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.
C.Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.
D.Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干中的“invisible risk” group定位至第3段第3句。 本题询问“隐形风险”组名字的由来。文中指出“隐形风险”组的行为不被视作“红旗”(not usually seen as a red flag),注意其中的red flag是比喻说法,类似中文说的“亮红灯”,喻指危险的警报,故B项“他们的行为并没有显示警示信号”正确,其中的a warning signal对应文中的a red flag。 A项“这些行为可对社会造成隐形的威胁”,文中invisible指的是该类青少年危险的行为,与社会威胁没有关系。C项“这些行为并不会导致精神问题”,但是文章第3段第2句指出,将这些习惯进行到极端状态的青少年可能会有问题,C项与此相矛盾。D项“这些行为可以在地球上每一个青少年身上找到”出现在文章第3段第1句,符合文中所述,但这并不是把受调查者归为“隐形风险”组的原因,属于答非所问。
4. What does the new study find about the invisible group? ______
A.They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.
B.They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.
C.They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.
D.They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据题干中的invisible group定位至第7段最后一句。 本题询问该研究对“隐形风险”组的发现。第7段首句分号后提到,高风险组中近15%的受调查者表示抑郁,而最后一句则说“隐形风险”组并不落后他们太多(wasn't far behind the high-risk set),也有超过13%的受调查者表现出抑郁症,从这里可以得知隐形风险组患抑郁的风险与高风险组十分接近,故确定A项“他们几乎与高风险组一样易于患抑郁症”为答案。 B项“他们得了抑郁症,但没有任何症状”,而文章说的是这些青年的症状就是些易被忽略的行为,并不是说他们没有显示任何症状。文章只是说到“隐形风险”组的青少年行为不易被察觉,并不是“他们不像其他青少年表现出危险的行为”,因此C项的说法不对。D“他们并不像高风险组一样吸引媒体的注意”利用media作干扰,文中的media是指青少年过度使用媒体,而不是得到媒涔的关注。
5. What is the significance of Vladimir Carli's study? ______
A.It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers.
B.It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.
C.It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems.
D.It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors trigger mental health problems.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干中的significance定位至最后1段第1句。 本题询问研究的意义,最后一段首句中的most significant...study与题干中的significance of Vladimir Carli's study对应。该句提到这个研究提供了新的早期预警信号(it provides New early-warning signs)。B项“它为识别问题青年提供了早期预警信号”与原文表述一致。 A项“研究为青少年的心理问题提供了新的疗法”利用末段中的treatment一词作干扰,但new treatment“新疗法”并没有在文中提到,故排除。C项“该研究为帮助有行为问题的青少年提供了完美的方法”利用段末的best ways作干扰,该部分是说早识别、提供帮助和治疗可以防止精神问题恶化,C项内容与文章不符。D项“研究揭示了不健康行为会导致精神问题”,但文中说的是这些危险行为与心理健康问题的联系,并不是不健康行为与心理健康问题的联系,两者有区别,故也不选。
Passage Two There is something badly wrong with the way standards for school science being set in the US. When the Texas State Board of Education voted in new standards last week, it left the door open for teaching creationism (神创论) in the name of science in federally funded schools. These must be closed, and quickly. Because standards are set at state level, students in one state might be learning different science and using different textbooks from what students in another are learning and using. What is worse, the state boards of education that are responsible for standards and textbooks are made up of elected officials who lack any specific skills or qualifications in the relevant areas of science or education. As we saw in the 2005 trial over teaching intelligent design in Dover, Pennsylvania, and are now seeing in Texas, school boards have become a political battleground. Many board members appear to be acting on behalf of religious groups like local churches or the Discovery Institute. School science standards should be set by people who understand science and science education. At the same time, it is dangerous to argue that the powers of democratically elected officials should be taken away if they don't produce the outcome you want. Yet that is what may happen in Texas. Some Democrats have introduced legislation that would transfer authority for textbooks and curricula to the Texas Education Agency. Is there a way out of this impasse? One possibility is that candidates for school boards should be tested before they stand. Another is that the pro-science (支持科学的) should try to engage more fully with the democratic process. After the Dover trial, board members who favored intelligent design were dumped by the voters. Something similar could happen in Texas. Another possibility is to push decisions further up the democratic ladder. President Barack Obama has already called for all states to have the same achievement standards, raising hopes that he might push for federal standards across all US schools. While this might drive conservative mad, it would put an end to the present situation in which an accident of geography can determine whether a child is taught valid science. Obama has already made remarkable changes in Washington by restoring scientific expertise to its rightful place in government. Many teachers and scientists would like to see him do the same in the place where it can count most: in the classroom.
1. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A.Different standards in different states are good to students' study.
B.The members of state boards of education know little about education.
C.Intelligent design aims at finding useful teaching methods in the school.
D.All the board members are representing certain religious groups.
A B C D
B
[解析] 由题干定位到第二段,然后通览选项内容,定位到第二段第二句。 细节辨认题。第二段主要说明美国的教育标准因州而异。但糟糕的是,教育委员会的成员都对教育领域所知甚少,他们中许多人代表的是宗教组织的利益,渐渐把学校董事会变成了政治斗争的战场。B是对第二段第二句中elected officials who lack any specific skills or qualifications...education的同义转述,故答案为B。
2. Why has some Democrats introduced legislation to shift the educational authority?
A.Only those who understand education can set the standards.
B.It is dangerous to deprive the elected officials of their authority.
C.Some Democrats don't like to he controlled by the school boards.
D.Textbooks and curricula are so important that only Democrats can set them.
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
1.
中国的GDP
GDP是国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)的缩写。改革开放三十多年来,中国GDP年均增长速度达到9.8%,这一现象被世界誉为“中国经济奇迹”。2010年,中国超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。根据2012年的统计,中国的GDP仅次于美国,达到了51.8万亿元人民币。随着经济的持续快速增长,中国的综合国力(comprehensive national strength)和国际竞争力有了大幅提升。然而,中国的人均GDP(per capita GDP)在世界排名靠后,中国仍然是世界上较贫穷的国家之一。另外,中国在医疗、教育以及环保等较多领域仍比较落后。
GDP is short for Gross Domestic Product. Over the past three decades of reform and opening up, China's annual GDP growth rate has reached 9.8% on average, which is honored as "the Chinese economic miracle" by the world. In 2010, China overtook Japan as the world's second largest economy. According to statistics in 2012, China's GDP reached 51.8 trillion RMB, only next to America. With the continuous and rapid growth of its economy, China's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness have improved substantially. Nevertheless, with its per capita GDP at the lower end of the world's list, China is still regarded as one of the poorer countries in the world. In addition, China also lags behind in many fields, such as health care, education, and environmental protection.
[解析] 1.第二句可将“中国GDP年均增长速度达到9.8%”作为译文主句;“这一现象”指代主句所述内容,故可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句,对主句作进一步说明。 2.第四句可将“中国的GDP达到了51.8万亿元人民币”处理为句子的主干;“仅次于美国”内容较短,用介词短语only next to表达“仅次于”。 3.第五句的主干结构是“综合同力和国际竞争力提升”;“随着经济的持续快速增长”可使用with介词短语来表达,在句中作状语。 4.倒数第二句的主干结构是“中国仍然是世界上较贫穷的国家之一”;“中国的人均GDP在世界排名靠后”可使用with短语的复合结构,对主句做出说明。