1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss why different people have different versions of the same thing. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
[范文]
My View on Different Ideas for the Same Thing
In the picture above, two people are drawing one pattern but their paintings vary respectively. The picture vividly displays the idea that people may have different versions of one same thing. In my opinion, due to the different subjective and objective reasons, people's ideas for the same thing are different. In general, two aspects can account for this phenomenon. Firstly, different people have different perspectives of viewing the world. They have different logic and concepts thus they draw different conclusions. One lucky chance in the optimist's eye may be a disastrous experience in the pessimist's mind. Secondly, different people are in different positions to deal with the same thing. This objective factor leads to different solutions. One thing is beautiful when seen in the front while maybe ugly in the back. So from what has been discussed above, it is natural for different people to have different understandings of the same thing. And it is the individual differences that make our world diverse and colorful.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
B.She didn't like homework when she was a student.
C.She likes homework as a student now.
D.She was a bad girl in her class.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] M: So we're both teaching at university and I was curious, Jana, what do you think about giving students homework? W: Ah, that's a tricky one, isn't it? Students usually don't like homework. M: Yeah. Did you use to like homework as a student? W: I can't remember but these days I kind of like homework as a student because it motivates me to study. I'm terrible at studying on my own, so having homework helps me, makes me do something. M: Right. I think homework is important in the sense that it prepares you for the next class or prepares you for the topic or the classes that are running. So we call it homework but I think it maybe really just preparation or... W: Preparation or review or continuation of the class, isn't it? M: Yeah. So maybe we agree that homework's important. W: What about tests? Do you like tests? M: Hmm, that's a big good question. I don't like tests as a learner and I don't like giving tests so much as a teacher, but I think in some ways tests have some advantages that you can't get that information any other way. I'm not sure. W: So why do we test? Is it again to motivate students to study hard or to check their progress? M: Yeah, I think we test because obviously it sets some kind of standard there to make sure that everybody has more or less the same standard in terms of actually learning knowledge.
[听力原文]
W: Good evening, David, I'm so glad to have you here.
M: It's my pleasure. Thank you for inviting me on the show.
W: OK, David, let's first talk about the character you played in The X-Files. The character, whose name is Mulder, is supposed to be a believer. He deals with those unbelievable, wild and often disastrous events.
M: That's true.
W: From what I have read, I know that starting from your childhood, you were always a smart boy, went to the best private school, and were accepted at most of the Ivy League colleges. It's even more surprising when you, who were on your way to a doctorate at Yale, took a few acting classes and got beaten by the book.
M: You bet. My mother was really surprised when I decided to give up all that in order to become an actor.
W: Sure. But talking about Mulder, do you believe at all in real life, the aliens, people from outer space, you know, UFOs, all the things that the TV series deal with?
M: I think they are real. They must be.
W: Are you dark and moody in real life just like Fox Mulder?
M: I think so. I think what they wanted was somebody who could be this hearted, driven person, but also appear normal.
W: Your father and mother divorced when you were eleven. Does that have effect on your life?
M: Yeah, I think that the only way to think of it is that, you know, people are saying "your wound is your goal", you know, "wherever you're hurt, that's where you'll become stronger. " So, that's what it's really about. . .
W: OK. It's time for a short break. We'll be back in a minute.
What do we know about Mulder?
[解析] 这个问题的答案可以从女士所说的话中找到。她在介绍David时提到,他在《X档案》中饰演的角色Mulder,Mulder经常处理令人难以置信的、经常是灾难性的事件。因此,选项D为正确答案。
6.
A.He went to the best public school as a smart boy.
B.He had studied acting for many years since college.
C.His decision was beyond his mother's expectation.
D.He lived in a happy family with his parents.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
What do we know about David?
[解析] 这个问题的答案可以从女士与男士的谈话中找到。女士说,据她了解,男士从小就是一个非常聪明的孩子,去了最好的私立学校,被常春藤盟校录取。在他即将考取耶鲁大学博士学位的时候,他选修了一些表演课程,进而迷上了这本书。男士接着说,当他决定要成为一名演员而放弃一切的时候,他的母亲非常震惊。因此,选项C为正确答案。
7.
A.8
B.9
C.10
D.11
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
How old was David when his parents divorced?
[解析] 对话中借助女士的话提到Your father and mother divorced when you were eleven. 由此可知大卫父母离婚时他是11岁,故答案为D。
8.
A.You will become stronger wherever you are hurt.
B.Your goal is to make yourself wounded.
C.Your goal is to hurt others if you are wounded.
D.You will become stronger if you hurt others.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]
What's the meaning of "your wound is your goal"?
[解析] 这个问题的答案可以从对话的最后找到。当主持人问及他父母的离婚是否对他有影响的时候,他回答说“你受伤的地方就是你要战胜的目标”,也就是“哪里受伤,就要在哪里变得更加坚强。”因此,选项A为正确答案。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
A.A goods train hit a bus carrying many passengers.
B.Two passenger trains crashed into each other.
C.A passenger train collided with a goods train.
D.An express train was derailed when hit by a bomb.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] This is Ray McCarthy with the news. Reports are coming in of a major train crash in Japan. A passenger train carrying hundreds of workers home from the center of Tokyo is reported to have hit an oncoming goods train. Both were traveling at high speed. Figures are not yet available but it is believed that the death toll could be as high as 300, with hundreds more injured. Emergency and res-cue services rushed to the scene. But our reporter says it will take days to clear the track and to establish the numbers of the dead and injured. There was a similar accident on the same stretch of track four years ago. There was another bomb scare in a large London store last night during late night shopping. Following a telephone call to the police from an anonymous caller, hundreds of shoppers were shepherded out of the store while roads in the area were sealed off. Police dogs spent hours searching the store for a bag which the caller claimed contained 50 pounds of explosives. Nothing was found and the store was given the all-clear by opening time this morning. A police spokesman said that this was the third bomb scare within a week and that we should all be on our guard. And finally, the motoring organizations have issued a warning to drivers following the recent falls of snow in many parts of the country. Although the falls may be slight, they say extra care is needed. What accident happened recently in Japan? [解析] 短文第一条新闻便说日本的一辆旅客列车(passenger train)与货运列车(goods train)相撞,后果严重。故选C。
2.
A.The rescue operations have not been very effective.
B.More than 300 injured passengers were hospitalized.
C.The cause of the tragic accident remains unknown.
D.The exact casualty figures are not yet available.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What do the reports say about the recent accident in Japan? [解析] 报道声称仍需时间来清理现场并清点死伤人数。故选D。
3.
A.There was a bomb scare.
B.There was a terrorist attack.
C.A fire alarm was set off by mistake.
D.50 pounds of explosives were found.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why did people have to leave the London store last night? [解析] 第二则新闻报道了伦敦某商场受到炸弹恐吓警告,大量顾客被迫撤离的消息。故选A。
4.
A.Follow policemen's directions.
B.Keep all eye on the weather.
C.Avoid snow-covered roads.
D.Drive with special care.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What did motoring organizations advise drivers do? [解析] 短文最后一则消息提醒驾驶员注意,近期雪天要谨慎驾车,故选D。special care是录音原文extra care的同义表达。
[听力原文] "If you asked me television is unhealthy", I said to my roommate Walter, as I walked into the living room. "While you are sitting passively in front of the TV set, your muscles are turning to fat, your complexion is fading, and your eyesight is being ruined." "Shh..." Walter put his finger to his lips, "This is an intriguing murder mystery." "Really?" I replied. "But you know, the brain is destroyed by TV viewing. Creativity is killed by that box. And people are kept from communicating with one another. From my point of view, TV is the cause of the declining interest in school and the failure of our entire educational system." "Ah ha, I can't see your point." Walter said softly. "But see? The woman on the witness stand in this story is being questioned about the murder that was committed one hundred years ago." Ignoring his enthusiastic description of the plot, I went on with my argument. "As I see it," I explained, "not only are most TV programs badly written and produced, but viewers are also manipulated by the mass media. As far as I am concerned, TV watchers are cut off from reality, from nature, from the other people, from life itself!" I was confident in my ability to persuade. After a short silence, my roommate said, "Anyway, I've been planning to watch the football game. I am going to change the channel." "Don't touch that dial!" I shouted, "I wanted to find out how the mystery turns out!" I am not sure I got my point to cross.
As the speaker walked into the living room, what was being shown on TV?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
C.The new devices has nothing to do with the cheating.
D.The new devices provide students with best way of cheating.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Teachers have always had to deal with cheating students. But in today's high-tech world, new devices are making it much easier for students to cheat. Recent studies have shown that most teenagers in the United States now have access to smart phones. Experts say much of the cheating is done with the help of smart phones. Nile Nickel is a technology and social media expert. He says many students put information into their mobile phones to cheat on tests. They can then hide their cheating by using other devices to view the information. This May 8, 2016 photo by Asst. Prof. Pakarat Jumpanoi shows a smart watch used by students caught cheating in exams for admission to medical school in Bangkok, Thailand. He added that some students even have smart watches that only show information if they are viewed with special glasses. Some phones also have a very low ring sound that can only be heard by younger people, according to Nickel. Denise Pope is a learning expert at Stanford University in California. She said some of the students are not the ones you think would cheat. These are kids who are doing well in school, and they are still cheating because they need to keep up their grades. They feel the pressure to maintain a really high grade point average. She says improving the learning and testing process can help cut down on cheating. Pope added that changing the way tests are structured can prevent cheating. The best tests require students to write their answers instead of choosing from a list of choices. One of the most important ways to help stop cheating is to get teachers, students and parents to talk openly about it. She says this can help students better understand the reasons for holding themselves to a high standard of honesty.
What is the relationship between new devices and cheating?
2.
A.Because many students are cheating in exam.
B.Because they have the access to smart phones.
C.Because the pressure from their parents are too heavy.
D.Because they need to keep up their grades.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Why are those students who are doing well in school still cheating?
3.
A.Improve the learning and testing process.
B.Change the way tests are structured.
C.Require students to write their answers instead of choosing.
D.Get teachers, students and parents to talk openly about it.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What is one of the important ways to help stop cheating?
A.It's defined as the result of the moisture in the Earth's atmosphere.
B.It's defined as the result of the Earth's rotation.
C.It's defined as the horizontal movement of air.
D.It's defined as the vertical movement of air.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] We only have a few minutes left so I'd like to go over a couple of points before we move on. Remember that, although there are both horizontal and vertical movements in air. The term wind applies only to horizontal movements. And more air is involved in horizontal movements than vertical movements. And what causes the horizontal movements? Alternately, it's the solar radiation, because the unequal heating of the earth than the atmosphere produces horizontal differences in air pressure. These differences set winds in motion. Essentially, winds are the nature's way of balancing uneven distribution air pressure over the earth. Secondly, let me repeat my answer to the question we had before about wind direction. Many people get confused by what they hear in weather forecasts. We talk about wind direction in terms of where the wind's coming from, not where it's blowing to. There is a reason for this. To weather broadcasters, the origin of wind is more important than its destination. The winds origin helps them predict the weather. Logically, in the northern hemisphere, a north wind tends to bring cold weather, south wind warm weather. I haven't forgotten vertical movement of air, but we don't have time today to talk about them in depth. In our next class then, I'll begin by discussing updraft and downdraft and how they affect the wealth. I suspect most of you can guess which of the two brings warm which weather, and which brings cold. According to the speaker, how's the wind defined? [解析] 细节题。根据The term wind applies only to horizontal movements可知,风这个术语只运用在水平方向的运动中。因此,正确答案为C。
5.
A.It's the ultimate cause of winds.
B.It causes vertical movements of air.
C.It reduces differences in air pressure.
D.It's used to predict weather patterns.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why does the speaker mention solar radiation? [解析] 细节题。根据The term wind applies only to horizontal movements. And more air is involved in horizontal movements...And what causes the horizontal movements? Alternately, it's the solar radiation可知,风就是水平运动的空气,而是什么引起水平运动呢?是太阳辐射。所以太阳是风的最终成因。因此,正确答案为A。
6.
A.Air pressure.
B.Temperature.
C.Humidity.
D.Wind direction.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] According to the speaker, which weather broadcast can be confusing? [解析] 细节题。根据Many people get confused by what they hear in weather forecasts. We talk about wind direction in terms of..., not...可知,许多人在听天气预报的时候对wind direction很困惑。因此,正确答案为D。
[听力原文] I'd like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don't work. Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online. Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer's computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low. Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved. Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular. Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio. There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.
What is important to the success of an online store?
8.
A.Those having a taste or smell component.
B.Products potentially embarrassing to buy.
C.Those that require very careful handling.
D.Services involving a personal element.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What products are unsuitable for selling online?
9.
A.Those who live in the virtual world.
B.Those who have to work long hours.
C.Those who are used to online transactions.
D.Those who don't mind paying a little more.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Every year throughout the world 1 6,000 earthquakes are detected. The vast majority of these are 2 too small or too far from populated areas to be felt. Several hundred, however, are felt and the majority of these, while frightening, are relatively harmless. A small number of earthquakes, however, are severe enough to cause serious damage to 3 as well as injuries and even deaths. Earthquakes are a serious concern in major cities such as Tokyo, Mexico City, Los Angeles and San Francisco which lie on or near earthquake faults. Major earthquakes, while uncommon, rank among the deadliest of natural 4 . In the 20th century an average of 15,000 people have died every year due to earthquakes. Many deaths are caused by 5 buildings, houses, bridges and other structures. Much damage—both to material and to humans—however, is the result of 6 effects of earthquakes such as tidal wave, landslides, avalanches, fires and the collapse of dams. Additionally, serious earthquake may 7 a city's infrastructure resulting in 8 drinking water, impassable roads, and disruptions in the supply of power and phone service. If damage to a city's sanitation system and disruption of food and water supplies lasts long, earthquakes can cause significant injury and death long after the shaking of the earthquake itself has subsided. Because earthquakes are 9 , a program of hazard reduction is the only way to combat the severe damage earthquakes can inflict on life and property. Seismologists still cannot accurately predict the timing of earthquakes, but they can identify areas which are subject to seismic risk. Education of the population about the dangers of the earthquakes and what to do in the event one occurs are important in 10 damage. A. collapsing B. increasingly C. Devastate D. approximately E. contaminated F. neither G. catastrophes H. inevitable I. either J. limiting K. possibility L. implement M. side N. property O. originate
Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How to Cope with Your Soul-destroying Jobs
A. We all have heard—or at least seen in the movies—great stories about people who are working in soul-destroying jobs, then quit in some spectacular fashion and move on to fabulous second careers. This isn't a column about that. Rather, more realistically, it's about what to do if you're in a job you dislike—or actively hate—but can't move on. Maybe you need to pay the rent or the mortgage and you've sent out endless resumes and haven't gotten a bite. Whatever the reason, you're stuck. Are there ways to make going into work every day more palatable? B. Dawn Rosenberg McKay, who writes the career planning guide on About.com (which is owned by The New York Times), suggests first making a list of all the things you dislike about your job. Try to do it when you have a little distance, like during a vacation or on a weekend. Don't cheat and write, "Everything." It may feel that way, but that's not helpful. C. "If you hate your boss, write down the things you hate about her," Ms. Rosenberg said. Do you like what you do, but dislike your colleagues or boss, or do you despise the actual tasks? Try to separate it out. Then write down all the things you like about your job, and again, "nothing" is not a satisfactory answer. "Try to find something positive, even if it's just the neighbourhood you work in or the view from your window," she said. D. If you want to switch careers, not just get out of that particular job, Cathy Goodwin, a career consultant who specializes in career transitions, suggested focusing on "developing skills rather than serving time." What can you learn that you can put on your resume? Computer skills? Public speaking? "If your company offers education benefits, use them to make yourself marketable," she said. Even if your company will pay only $1,000, you can take a class at a community college. E. Roy L. Cohen, author of The Wall Street Professional's Survival Guide (Financial Times Press, 2010), said "a bad job may be a necessary placeholder while you take classes or network for a new and more satisfying job." And yes, I can hear the groans out there. I know people who have been networking and applying for jobs for a year or more in the hope of moving on. No one said it would be easy in these tough economic times, or quick. F. If you're stuck, are there particular tasks in your job that you like? Has your job changed so that you're now doing a lot of things you find mind-numbing or off your career path? Is there any way to talk to your boss about this? But before you approach your manager, "consider whether how you are being treated is unique to you or shared by your colleagues," Mr. Cohen said. As firms downsize, many employees are being forced to take on lots of extra work. If everyone is in the same boat, you may just have to accept it. If you feel, however, that you are unfairly singled out, or if you are truly overwhelmed, think whether there is a way you can talk to your supervisor, Ms. Rosenberg said. G. One trouble in many jobs is that workers feel underappreciated or completely unappreciated, Mr. Cohen said. There are some companies where "your boss sees you and your colleagues only as a resource to be used and exploited," he added. "Don't expect or look for appreciation to be expressed or for your good work to be acknowledged. In this situation, 'employee appreciation' is an oxymoron." H. So what can you do? Look outside your job for positive feedback. Can your family and friends supply it? Perhaps volunteering or joining a professional organization can give you some sense of purpose if you can't get it from your workplace, he said. I. When I was in a job and my supervisors insisted—unfairly, I believed—that I wasn't producing enough, I found it helpful to document exactly what I was doing. This proved not only important in negotiations with the higher-ups, but also helped re-establish my own sense of worth. J. A. J. Russo, a pharmacy technician in Pennsylvania, said she tried to manage her problems with her colleagues by putting the situation in some perspective. "I try to remind myself that it's not my co-workers or boss," she said. "We're all stressed. There are three of us doing 300 prescriptions a day. I try not to take it personally." With car payments and student loans, she said, "I would rather be employed than unemployed." She said she was determined to stay in her current one until a new job came along. Ms. Russo said she had complained a lot to her friends outside work, which might help deal with the pain. But, Ms. Rosenberg, the career columnist, cautioned against grousing too much to your colleagues at work. K. "They say misery loves company, but you don't want set a tone in the office," Ms. Rosenberg said. For one thing, it can get back to the powers that be. And while a little complaining can feel good, too much tends to just compound the negativity. Be aware of further self-sabotage, Ms. Goodwin said. Sloppy performance, talking back to co-workers or managers or showing up late—that's what people do when they are unhappy at work. And it can get you fired. You may find out how much you liked, or at least needed, that job once you're forced out. There are times, of course, when you have to leave your job before you have another lined up, especially if it's making you physically or emotionally ill, Ms. Rosenberg said. L. A friend of mine, who asked not be named because he was still looking for a job, quit his a year ago after three and a half months. "It was a constant source of stress," he said. "I was always in a bad mood, even on weekends." A professional with many working years under his belt, my friend said he knew there were problems just a few weeks into the new job, but he was determined to stick it out. "But when I went to London for a meeting, I had to double my blood-pressure medication and take a blood-pressure monitor," he said. "That's a sign that something's wrong." M. He acknowledged that he thought he would find another job more quickly than was the case. In the last year, he has done consulting work and even, at times, driven a limousine. But he never regrets leaving. "The uncertainty is uncomfortable, but it's better than the certainty of that job," he said. N. If you're wondering about quitting your job, Ms. Rosenberg provides a useful quiz to help with the decision on her Web site. And while it's not easy in our culture, where we tend to "live to work rather than work to live," as the saying goes, everyone I spoke to agreed we could try to change that perspective. Do you have to work 60 hours a week, or can you shorten your work hours and take a dance or memoir-writing class? Or go to a play? O. And beware of idealizing other jobs. It may well be that another position will suit you better. But remember, just because you're unhappy in your current job doesn't mean the next one will be perfect.
1. If you have no sense of goal, you can take part in volunteering activities.
H
[解析] 根据句中sense of goal和volunteering activities可定位至H段,sense of goal相当于sense of purpose,该句话是对H段最后一句的同义转述。因此,正确答案是H。
2. Ms. Rosenberg suggests that not to list all the things you dislike about your job when you make a list, because it is meaningless.
B
[解析] 根据句中Ms. Rosenberg和make a list可定位至B段,B段主要内容为罗森博格女士建议讨厌自己工作的人列一个清单,总结一下自己不喜欢工作的哪些方面,最好不要列出所有东西,这样毫无意义。该句是该段内容的一部分。因此,正确答案是B。
3. Mr. Cohen said that before you have found a good job, the bad job shouldn't be given up.
E
[解析] 根据句中Mr. Cohen和bad job可定位至文章E段,该句与E段中科恩所说的“a bad job may be a necessary placeholder while you take classes or network for a new and more satisfying job”意思相近。因此,正确答案是E。
4. Ms. Russo often complained about his job to his friends, but Ms. Rosenberg doesn't approve this behaviour.
J
[解析] 根据句中Ms. Russo和complained about his job可定位至J段,该句是对J段最后两句的概括。因此,正确答案是J。
5. Mr. Cohen thinks that to be unappreciated by the boss is normal, for bosses just care about the profit you create.
G
[解析] 根据Mr. Cohen和unappreciated by the boss可定位至G段,该句是科恩的话your boss sees you and your colleagues only as a resource to be used and exploited的同义转述。故该句出自G段。因此,正确答案是G。
6. Ms. Goodwin suggests that to explore the positive factors in your job instead of performing terribly or being late often.
K
[解析] 根据句中Ms. Goodwin和performing terribly or being late often可定位至K段,该段讲到“马虎的表现、和同事或经理激烈反驳、迟到——这些都是人们对工作不满意时的表现,而这些表现会让你丢掉饭碗。你最好找出你有多喜欢这份工作,或者至少找出你有多需要这份你曾经挤破头拿到的工作。”该句话是对这些内容的概括。故该句出自K段。因此,正确答案是K。
7. Ms. Rosenberg reminds everybody to write something when you're asked to express your love for your job.
C
[解析] 根据Ms. Rosenberg和express your love for your job可定位至文章C段,该句与C段中Then write down all the things you like about your job, and again, "nothing" is not a satisfactory answer. 意思相近。因此,正确答案选C。
8. Don't idealize other jobs. Maybe your current job is better.
O
[解析] 根据句中idealize other jobs可定位至文章最后一段,文章末段讲到注意不要理想化其他的工作,你在现在的工作中不开心并不意味着下一个工作就是完美的。该句与此段内容意思相近。因此,正确答案为O。
9. A quiz provided on Ms. Rosenberg's Web site is available to help you decide whether you should change your job.
N
[解析] 根据句中A quiz和Ms. Rosenberg's Web site可定位至文章N段,该句与N段第一句If you're wondering about quitting your job, Ms. Rosenberg provides a useful quiz to help with the decision on her Web site. 意思相同。因此,正确答案是N。
10. Cathy Goodwin regards developing skills as more significant than waiting for timing if you want to you change your job.
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since then psychologists have continued building on the theory. According to James, a child's first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labelled "self-as-subject", and he gave it various elements. These included an awareness of one's own agency (i.e. one's power to act), and an awareness of one's distinctiveness from other people. These features gradually emerge as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers. Cooley(1902) suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant's attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile, someone responds to them. Once children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as "themselves". This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what .James called the "Self-as-object". This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles (such as student, brother, colleague) and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people (such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability). Cooley and other researchers suggested a close connection between a person's own understanding of their identity and other people's understanding of it. Cooley believed that people build up their sense of identity from the reactions of others to them, and from the view they believe others have of them. He called the self-as-object the "looking-glass self", since people come to see themselves as they are reflected in others. Mead(1934) went even further, and saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together: "The self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experience ... it is impossible to conceive of a self arising outside of social experience." Finally, perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age. In a longitudinal study of groups of three or four children, Bronson (1975) found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years. Often, the children's disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of "self" and of "ownership" is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.
1. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE about the development of children's sense of identity?
A.The two processes—"self as a subject" and "self as an object" develop at the same time.
B.The process of children's sense of identity develops gradually.
C.The theory of a sense of self development is still under debate.
D.William James distinguished "self as a subject" from "self as an object" in 1892.
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。此题应用排除法。选项B,对应第一段A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. (孩子的自我认知是逐渐形成的);选项C,对应第一段the developing debate(逐渐扩大的辩论);选项D,对应第一段William James introduced the distinction in 1892。选项A“主体自我和客体自我同时发展”,不正确。第三段第一句Once children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness...called the self-as-object. 意思是“一旦孩子获得一定程度的自我认知,他们才开始客体自我的认知。”所以,正确选项是A。
2. Why do infants try to gain the possession of physical objects?
A.Physical objects, such as toys are attractive to infants.
B.The control of physical objects is a signal for the powerful manipulation, reflecting infants' sense of self as a subject.
C.Infants have no awareness of any physical objects.
D.It is a signal that infants are aware of the sense of self as an object.
A B C D
B
[解析] 推断题。根据关键词physical objects定位于第二段,Cooley suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that earliest examples of this are an infant's attempts to control physical objects. 意思是“库利认为主体自我的意识主要与行使权力有关。他提出,最早的例子是婴儿试图控制实物。”由此可知,选项B“控制实物是权力控制的表现”,反映了婴儿的自我主体意识,是正确答案。
3. What elements are included in self as an object?
A.Environment and parents' education.
B.School education.
C.Social roles and characters influenced by environment.
D.Others judgment and status.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。原文第三段最后一句讲This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people. This指代客观自我认识。很多人认为它受社会因素影响大,因为客体自我有社会角色和来自与其他人比较或互动而产生的特征构成。所以,选项C“社会角色和受环境的性格”符合原文大意。故选C。
4. Which one of the following rhetorics is applied in paragraph 4?
A.Metaphor.
B.Personification.
C.Contrast.
D.Exaggeration.
A B C D
A
[解析] 推断题。第四段中作者运用了什么修辞手法?根据第四段第三句He called the self-as-object the "looking-glass self" (他将客体自我称为“镜中自我”),可知作者将客体比作一面镜子。所以,选项A,比喻,为正确选项。选项B,拟人;选项C,对比;选项D,夸张,均不符合原文修辞用法。故选A。
5. The word "rage" (Line 2, Para.5) is closest in meaning to ______.
A.disappointment
B.wrath
C.dismay
D.silence
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义题。第五段第一句讲finally, perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage...(最终,一半自我认知最形象的表达方式是愤怒)。联系下文也可推断出选项B。第二句指出the intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply(争论中产生的挫败感和愤怒增加)。选项A,失望;选项C,沮丧;选项D,沉默,均不符合原文大意。正确答案是B,愤怒。
Passage Two If you are over 20, look away now. Your cognitive performance is probably already on the wane. The speed with which people can process information declines at a steady rate from as early as their 20s. A common test of processing speed is the "digit symbol substitution test", in which a range of symbols are paired with a set of numbers in a code. Participants are shown the code, given a row of symbols and then asked to write down the corresponding number in the box below within a set period. There is nothing cognitively challenging about the task; levels of education make no difference to performance. But age does. Speed consistently declines as people get older. Why this should he is still a matter of hypothesis, but a range of tentative explanations has been put forward. One points the finger at myelin(髓磷脂), a white, fatty substance that coats axons, the tendrils that carry signals from one neuron to another. Steady reductions in myelin as people age may be slowing down these connections. Another possibility, says Timothy Salthouse, director of the Cognitive Ageing Laboratory at the University of Virginia, is depletion of a chemical called dopamine, receptor sites for which decline in number with advancing age. Fortunately, there is some good news to go with the bad. Psychologists distinguish between "fluid intelligence", which is the ability to solve new problems, and "crystallised intelligence", which roughly equates to an individual's stock of accumulated knowledge. These reserves of knowledge continue to increase with age: people's performance on vocabulary and general-knowledge tests keeps improving into their 70s. And experience can often compensate for cognitive decline. In an old but instructive study of typists ranging in age from 19 to 72, older workers typed just as fast as younger ones, even though their tapping speed was slower. They achieved this by looking further ahead in the text, which allowed them to keep going more smoothly. What does all this mean for a lifetime of continuous learning? It is encouraging so long as people are learning new tricks in familiar fields. "If learning can be assimilated into an existing knowledge base, advantage tilts to the old," says Mr Sahhouse. But moving older workers into an entirely new area of knowledge is less likely to go well.
1. What does the underlined word "wane" (Line 1, Para. 1) mean? ______
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
Beyond doubt, all the people long for wealth. We acquire and accumulate wealth by hard work, which makes us happy and satisfied. There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness to some extent, especially in the modern society. Various up-to-date household appliances and electronic equipments for leisure and recreation alter from day to day. All these new things make our life more comfortable and colorful. Without money we may not experience all of these. However, if wealth separates itself from happiness, it will lead to various problems. On no account can we identify wealth with happiness and never reckon only on wealth to achieve happiness.