Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Dare to Try
Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 1 to know my way around the Continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 2 to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, 3 unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up 4 and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable 5 I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad 6 . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even 7 bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition 8 . But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a 9 . And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more dating than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can 10 wonders. A. accomplish B. advanced C. balloon D. claim E. constantly F. declare G. interviews H. limited I. manufacture J. moments K. news L. reduced M. regret N. scary O. totally
1.
D
[解析] 此处空格所在的分句缺少谓语,由空格前的could hardly可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的原形形式。再联系空格后的介词to,可以推知该动词还必须可以和to搭配使用。备选词汇中,accomplish(实现)、declare(宣布)、manufacture(制造)均不符合此处语境,可排除。claim意为“声称”,I could hardly claim to know my way around the Continent意为“我却不能说自己认识欧洲大陆上的路”,语义通顺,故选D。
[参考译文]
[解析] 空格所在的句子结构完整,且紧邻形容词unfamiliar,可以判断此处需要填入一个能够修饰unfamiliar(不熟悉的)的副词,且其所在的句子表达的含义需与前面提到的unable to speak the language相关联。备选词汇中,constantly意为“不断地”,无法修饰unfamiliar with local geography这一动作,可排除。totally(完全地)用在此处语义通顺,故选O。
4.
G
[解析] 由空格前的动词短语set up和空格后and do research可以推断,此处需要填入一个名词作set up(建立;进行)的宾语,且要与do research的含义相关。备选词汇中,只有interviews(访谈;采访;询问)符合此处语境,故选G。
Section B Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may Choose a paragraph more than once.
The First Lesson of Marriage 101: There Are No Soul Mates
A. Research shows that practically every dimension of life happiness is influenced by the quality of one's marriage. The goal of Northwestern University's Marriage 101 class is to help students have more fulfilling love relationships during their lives. Students attend one lecture a week and then meet in smaller groups to discuss the weekly topics. B. The Marriage 101 professors believe college is the perfect time for students to learn about relationships. "Developmentally, this is what the college years are all about: Students are thinking about who they are as people, how they love, who they love, and who they want as a partner," says Alexandra Solomon, a professor and family therapist who will be teaching the course. Northwestern's Marriage 101 offers a course that is comprehensively arid directly focused on the experiential, on self- exploration: on walking students through the actual practice of learning to love well. C. "The foundation of our course is based on correcting a misunderstanding: that to make a marriage work, you have to find the right person. The fact is, you have to be the right person," Solomon declares. "Our message is different: Our focus is on whether you are the right person. The best thing to do is to understand who they are, where they are, where they came from, so they can then invite in a compatible suitable partner." To that end, students keep a journal, interview friends about their own weaknesses, and discuss what leads to their own reactions and behaviors in order to understand their own issues and values. "Being blind to these causes people to experience problems as due to someone else—not to themselves," Solomon explains. "We all have blind spots, and weaknesses. The best thing we can do is be aware of them, take responsibility for them, and learn how to work with them effectively." D. Self-discovery is impossible without knowing where you came from. "Understanding your past and the family you grew up in helps you to understand who you are now and what you value," Solomon says. To help students recognize what has shaped their views on love, she and her colleagues have students extensively interview their own parents about their own relationship. Maddy Bloch, who took the course two years ago, learned a lot when she interviewed her own parents about their own marriage. "I learned that in an intimate relationship each person holds a tremendous amount of power that you can easily turn on someone," she says. "This is why relationships require a lot of mutual trust and tolerance." E. Once you have a sound, objective sense of why you behave the way you do, you are better equipped to deal with conflicts—inevitable in any long-term relationship—with the appropriate self-awareness so that you avoid behaving in ways that make your partner defensive. The class instructors teach their students that blaming and seeing themselves as victims are both common traits of unhappy couples and failed marriages. They aim to teach students that rather than viewing conflicts from a position where one wins and one loses, they would benefit from a perspective that allows them to see a couple as "two people standing shoulder to shoulder looking together at the problem." F. The most important message is that maintaining good relationships takes skills. "We're a very romantic culture," Solomon says, "and it seems a little unromantic to talk about skill building and communication skills. But it's important." Most of us don't have adequate communication skills going into marriage. That's why Marriage 101 students are required to interview another couple: a mentor (导师) couple (typically a local couple who has been married anywhere from several years to several decades). G. The professors hand out a list of more than 80 suggested questions and tell their students to think of the interview as a sort of lab experiment. During a 90-minute interview, a pair of students asks each couple questions such as what most attracted them to the other at the start of their relationship, which moments stand out as the best ones of their marriage, how they've handled severe stresses, and whether they ever thought about divorce. They watch the couple interact and engage in good couple skills: bringing a spouse a glass of water, for instance, as an unspoken gesture of caretaking. H. Despite how often we hear about the importance of good communication, even the best communication skills won't help a couple that sees the world completely differently. One of the texts used in the course, Will Our Love Last? by Sam R. Hamburg, argues that people can be incredibly skillful communicators, yet never see eye to eye because they simply can't understand their partner's position. I. "For people to be happy in their marriage they must be able to understand not just what their partner is saying, but the experience behind the words," writes Hamburg. If partners are unable to do that, "they cannot understand what it's like to be their partner—to understand their partner empathically (感同身受地)—and the best communication in the world won't help." The instructors teach students that once they learn to identify what is important to them, what values they hold, and what they like to do on a daily basis—in other words, once they know who they are—they will then be in a much stronger position to be able to recognize when they are with a partner who is compatible and shares their worldview. J. Ben Eisenberg, who majored in engineering at Northwestern, took the course in 2013 as a senior, right after the breakup (分手) of a long-term relationship. He found it enlightening as he looked back at his past and towards his future. "Pairing up (配对) with a partner is one of the biggest decisions you'll make in life, more important than some of the other things you'll learn in college," he thought. "How similarly you spend your day, your money, how you view the world, greatly affects that day-to-day happiness with your partner, more than whether you have initial attraction." The greatest lesson Eisenberg learned from Marriage 101? "I learned that love is a lot of work, but it's worth it if you put the work in."
1. According to the Marriage 101 professors, the perfect time for students to learn about relationships is when they are in college.
2. Communication skills play an important role in maintaining good relationships.
F
[解析] 题干意为“沟通技巧对于保持良好关系十分重要”。注意抓住题干中的关键词communication skills和maintaining good relationships。原文F段提到了恋爱中沟通技巧的重要性。该段首句指出保持良好关系需要技巧,第二句和第三句继续强调沟通技巧的重要性。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选F。
3. There is a misunderstanding that you must find the right person to have a happy marriage.
C
[解析] 题干意为“有一种错误的观点认为若要婚姻美满,你必须找到那个对的人”。注意抓住题干中的关键词misunderstanding和the right person。原文C段提到了一种错误的婚姻观。该段首句引用所罗门的话指出,我们开设这个课程的初衷是要纠正一个误解:那就是若要拥有美满的婚姻,你必须找到那个对的人。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选C。
4. Communication skills won't improve the relationship of a couple with completely different worldviews.
H
[解析] 题干意为“沟通技巧无法改善价值观完全不同的一对恋人之间的关系”。注意抓住题干中的关键词communication skills和completely different worldviews。原文H段提到两个人世界观相似的重要性。该段首句指出,尽管我们经常听闻良好沟通的重要性,可哪怕是最好的沟通技巧都无法帮助一对对世界的理解完全不同的恋人。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选H。
5. The class instructors want to teach students that couples should deal with conflicts together.
E
[解析] 题干意为“课堂讲师们希望让学生明白情侣应该一起处理矛盾冲突”。注意抓住题干中的关键词class instructors和deal with conflicts together。原文E段提到了课堂讲师们教育学生应该如何看待恋人间的冲突。该段第三句指出,课堂讲师们的目的在于教给同学们,与其从有人输有人赢的角度看待冲突,不如把伴侣看作“并肩作战处理问题的两个人”并从中获益。由此可知,题干与原文表述相符,故选E。
6. The mentor couple showed good communication skills during the interview.
G
[解析] 题干意为“导师夫妇在采访中展示出了很好的沟通技巧”。注意抓住题干中的关键词mentor couple和during the interview。原文G段提到了学生采访导师夫妇的细节。该段最后一句指出,他们观察到这对夫妇互动并采用了良好的夫妻交流技巧:比如递给对方一杯水就是一种无声的关怀。由此可知,题干与原文表述相符,故选G。
7. The quality of one's marriage can greatly influence people's life happiness from multiple angles.
A
[解析] 题干意为“婚姻质量从多个角度影响人们一生的幸福”。注意抓住题干中的关键词the quality of one's marriage和life happiness。原文A段提到了婚姻质量与人们幸福的关系。该段第一句指出研究表明,事实上,人生幸福感的各个方面都受到婚姻质量的影响。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选A。
8. Students are asked to interview their parents about their own relationship so as to know how their view on love was shaped.
D
[解析] 题干意为“学生们被要求去对自己父母就其婚姻关系进行广泛采访,以此来了解他们自己的爱情观是如何形成的”。注意抓住题干中的关键词interview their parents和view on love was shaped。原文D段提到了采访学生父母相关的内容。该段第三句指出,为了帮助同学们认识到是什么塑造了自己的爱情观,所罗门和她的同事让同学们对自己父母就其婚姻关系进行广泛采访。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选D。
9. From Marriage 101, Ben Eisenberg learned that love is worth people's great efforts.
Section C Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
What's Wrong with Science?
Direct criticism is an essential part of science, for it is how bad ideas are removed from good ones. So when Randy Schekman, one of the 2013 crop of Nobel prize-winners (for physiology or medicine, in his case), decided to criticize the way scientific journals are run, he did not hold back. Dr Schekman chose the week of the prize giving to announce that the laboratory he runs at the University of California, Berkeley, will resist what he describes as "luxury journals". By that he meant those commonly regarded as the most famous, such as Cell, Nature and Science. He levels two charges against such journals. The first is that, aware of their reputation and keen to protect it, they artificially restrict the number of papers they accept—acting, as he put it in an interview with the Guardian, a British newspaper, like "fashion designers who create limited-edition handbags or suits...know[ing] scarcity stimulates demand". Their behavior, he says, is more helpful for the selling of subscriptions than the publishing of the best research. Second, he argues that science as a whole is being distorted (歪曲) by wrong motivations, especially the tyranny (暴虐) of the "impact factor", a number that aims to measure how important a given journal is. Researchers who publish in journals with a high impact factor—like the three named above—can expect promotion, pay rises and professional honors. Those that do not can expect obscurity (默默无闻) or even unemployment, a Darwinian system known among academics as "publish or perish". Dr Schekman may not be the most disinterested commentator. Besides his job at Berkeley, he also edits eLife, an open-access journal with ambitions to compete with the top dogs, and which is supported by a trio of wealthy science charities. Many worry that the pressure to publish flashy research in famous journals encourages hype and faddishness. Jobbing scientists can be reluctant to speak up, fearful of the damage they might do to their careers by rocking the boat. But one of the many advantages of being a Nobel winner is that you no longer have to worry about such things.
1. Why is direct criticism so important in science? ______
Coral reefs in Australia are set to experience another mass bleaching (逐渐变白) event due to ocean temperature rises, according to a report. Reefs need serious efforts to help them to cope and survive, but our endeavours are currently misplaced, focusing on the glamorous rather than the effective. Coral gardening projects are popping up around the world. While there are some advantages to this approach-we can choose parent corals that are more likely to survive in a warming ocean, for example—it has many problems. For a start, genetics is rarely so straightforward. The same gene that codes for heat tolerance might also make corals more susceptible to a particular disease, for instance, or more likely to fail reproductively. Moreover, most coral reef gardening projects are small, and haven't been running for very long. More than two-thirds of all coral reef restoration projects have lasted for 18 months or less, meaning that their long-term effects aren't well understood. And most projects have been carried out over small areas, often 100 square kilometres or less. We can't rely on coral gardening to save reefs over large areas and the longer term. All is not lost. There are actions that will make a difference for coral reefs and we need to prioritise them immediately, for example, creating and enforcing marine protected areas. When parts of the ocean are completely free from human activities that can give coral reefs the space and the time needed to naturally recolonise and recover what they have lost, including much of the genetic diversity and biodiversity of the original reef. But marine protected areas aren't enough on their own. High ocean temperatures will result in bleached corals even if the area is protected. If we truly want our coral reefs to survive and thrive, we must combat the source of the problem. What reefs really need is for us to drastically reduce our fossil fuel emissions and protect the reef fish and biodiversity that nourish and sustain coral ecosystems. Everything else is a distraction.
1. What does the author think of the current efforts to save the reefs? ______
A.They are serious but not in a right way.
B.They are more glamorous than effective.
C.They are extremely helpful as planned.
D.They become ineffective when ocean temperature rises.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干中的think of the current efforts定位到原文第一段。该段第二句提到,珊瑚礁需要人们不断认真地努力来帮助它们应对和生存,但我们的努力目前是错误的,专注于博人眼球的做法而不是行之有效的。由此可知,B项表述与原文相符,故选B。原文说的是need serious efforts,而不是说当下的努力就是认真的,故排除A项;C项表述与原文不符,可排除;原文说的是由于海洋温度上升,澳大利亚的珊瑚礁将经历另一次大规模白化事件,而没有提及海洋升高时这些努力会失效,故排除D项。
[参考译文]
2. Why would people decide to use coral gardening? ______
A.Because they can choose parent corals at will.
B.Because they can choose corals which better resist heat.
C.Because they have an immediate effect.
D.Because they are popular around the world.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干中的Why和decide to use coral gardening定位到原文第二段。该段提到,珊瑚园艺项目正在世界各地兴起。虽然这种方法有一些优点——例如,我们可以选择更有可能在变暖的海洋中生存的母珊瑚。由此可知,B项表述与原文相符,故选B。
3. What makes coral gardening projects not a solution to bleaching? ______
A.Their corals will suffer from more disease.
B.The majority of them last for 18 years or less.
C.Their long-term and large-scale effects are unclear.
D.The parent corals they use cannot reproduce.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据题干中的not a solution to bleaching定位到原文第三段和第四段。其中第四段提到,超过三分之二的珊瑚礁修复项目持续了18个月或更短的时间,这意味着它们的长期影响没有被很好地弄清楚。而且大多数项目都是在小范围内进行的,通常是100平方千米或更小的面积。我们不能依靠珊瑚园艺来大面积、长时间地拯救珊瑚礁。由此可知,C项表述与原文相符,故选C。
4. What should we do first to save coral reefs? ______
A.To establish marine reserve.
B.To enforce environmental protection laws.
C.To be completely away from the ocean.
D.To find more original reef.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据题干中的should we do first定位到原文第五段。该段第二句提到,有些行动将对珊瑚礁产生影响,我们需要立即优先考虑这些行动,比如,建立和实施海洋保护区。由此可知,A项表述与原文相符,故选A。
5. What else needs to be done to get to the root of the problem? ______
A.Figuring out ways to lower the temperature of the land.
B.Making sure the corals newly planted can survive and thrive.
C.Reducing emissions by using less fossil fuel.
D.Saving endangered fish and reducing marine pollution.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据题干中的to get to the root of the problem定位到原文最后一段。该段第三句和第四句提到,如果我们真的想让我们的珊瑚礁生存和繁荣,我们必须与问题的根源作斗争。珊瑚礁真正需要的是我们立即大幅减少化石燃料排放,保护滋养和维持珊瑚生态系统的珊瑚礁鱼类和生物多样性。由此可知,C项表述与原文相符,故选C。