1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first rending, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last rending will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[解析] Interpersonal Skills Interpersonal skills enable you to communicate and to build personal, social and work relationships with others. These skills enable you to own your own thoughts and feelings and to express these in words and actions, that is, in verbal and nonverbal communication and listening signals that form a connection with the other person. The qualities that identify an effective interpersonal communicator are openness to others, considerateness with others, supportiveness, positiveness and equality. People with these qualities acknowledge and are responsive to others. Skills in decision-making and problem solving are combined interpersonal skills to relate to others in a way that is satisfying to both. The challenge is to extend and develop your interpersonal skills further. The rewards are the opportunity to communicate effectively, to set goals and plan in a way that meets and extends your abilities while maintaining a balance in your interpersonal relationships with friends, co-workers and family.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
1. Why does the woman come to the business center?
A.She wants to fax her reports.
B.She intends to have a talk with the manager of the center.
C.She wants to find a translator.
D.She comes here to deal with a business.
A B C D
A
[解析] 1-3 M: Business center. Can I help you? W: Yes. I want two reports faxed. Would it be possible? M: Certainly madam. It has 12 pages all together. It is right? W: Yes. The fax number is 033 -815 -964 -45 -39. I have asked them to confirm the fax to me. Please send it back when you receive it. M: Fine. I'll send it back, together with your original copy to your room as soon as possible. W: Does your hotel have interpreters? M: Yes. Russian, French and Japanese interpreters are available for you; of course we also have English ones. W: The International Medical Research Conference will be held in the Easter Hall from May 12, but our English interpreter has fallen ill. We'd like to have an interpreter with good language proficiency and basic medicine background. M: I'll see what I can do. May I have your name and room number, please? W: Ms. Brown, Room 1104. M: Ms. Brown, we charge $ 50 per day for interpreter's service, is that OK? W: No problem. It would be better if I can talk with the interpreter in advance before the conference. M: OK. How long do you need this service, Ms. Brown? W: I'm not quite sure. It depends on the progress of the meeting. M: OK. As soon as I have made the arrangements, I'll phone you and send a confirmation form for you to sign. W: That would be nice. Thank you.
2. What happened to the woman's English interpreter?
A.She is not qualified enough.
B.She has been iii.
C.She has a bad fever.
D.She has a traffic accident.
A B C D
B
3. Which one is TRUE to the conversation?
A.Russian, French, German and English interpreters are available.
B.$ 45 per day is charged for the interpreter's service.
C.A medical conference is to be held in the business center.
D.Ms. Brown is in Room 1204.
A B C D
C
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
1. What is the most possible reason for the English Channel to emerge?
A.Because of a flood millions of years ago.
B.Because of an earthquake millions of years ago.
C.Because of a flood thousands of years ago.
D.Because of a volcano eruption millions of years ago.
A B C D
A
[解析] 4-7 M: Mary, can you tell why Britain is separated from the continent? W: I guess I cannot. Maybe millions of years ago, at the end of the Ice Age, a great flood washed over a wide, low plain, and created the English Channel. From then on, the island of Britain was isolated from the rest of Europe. M: I know there have been many people who have wanted to swim across the Channel, and some of them have succeeded. W: What's more, quite a lot of people have thought of building a channel since the 18th century, but no one thought this dream would come true. Now however, the Channel, the longest underwater passage in the world, has been built. M: When did such a miracle occur? W: A British team started to drill southeast from Dover and a French team started to drill northwest from Sangatte in 1987. The two teams met under the Channel in December, 1990, and they celebrated the completion of the 23-mile shaft. The tunnel was not open to the public until 1993 and now it is able to carry up more than 30 million passengers a year. M: How long will it lake to cross the Channel on tile trains? W: Only 26 minutes. In the old days, people had to spend hours on the ferry in rough seas. M: It serves to strengthen tile tie between Britain and the continent, further promote their mutual understanding. W: You are right.
2. What is NOT true about the construction of the Channel?
A.A British team started to drill southeast from Dover.
B.A French team started to drill northwest from Sangatte.
C.The two teams started drilling in 1990.
D.The two teams met under the Channel in December, 1990.
A B C D
C
3. How long is the shaft?
A.12.5 miles.
B.23 miles.
C.less than 32 miles.
D.37 miles.
A B C D
B
4. When was the tunnel opened to the public?
A.In 1990.
B.In 1992.
C.In the year of 1993.
D.In the late of 1994.
A B C D
C
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
[解析] 8-10 W: Hi, Jim. Have you ever read the works of Ernest Hemingway? M: Oh, I like Hemingway very much, his style, the Hemingway theme with a Hemingway hero. W: You are really my bosom friend. Yes. Hemingway wrote all his life about one theme, that is "grace under pressure". The world Hemingway created is a world of violence, despair and death, a world in which man cannot find the meaning of life. M: Yes. I have the same feeling with you. But his hero is not a coward, a weeper. In face of inevitable defeat, keeping a stiff upper-lip means a kind of victory. W: So he often has stoic endurance. Even in defeat he can maintain some dignity; in spite of defeat he continues to fight with the despairing courage, which enables him to behave like a man, to assert his dignity in face of adversity. From him we can see the spirit of the noble--Hemingway type of individualism. M: It is a kind of tragic beauty. I am deeply touched by their spirit, even though it's futile to fight. W: At least they give us a stir, give us an inspiration: never give up. M: Yes. Hemingway is a myth in his own times, and a myth in American literature. But he ended his life to the whole world's shock. W: He died a strong man, a hero. Few have such a despairing courage, and he did this with "grace under pres sure".
2. What is NOT the feature of Hemingway's heroes?
A.Pay no attention to other's feelings.
B.In face of defeat they continue to fight with the despairing courage.
C.They cannot find the meaning of life.
D.They often have stoic endurance and fight in vain.
A B C D
A
3. We learn from the conversation all EXCEPT that ______.
A.The man and the woman are close friends.
B.. Hemingway is a coward because he committed suicide.
C.Hemingway's works have great influence on people.
D.The world created by Hemingway is full of tragedy and hopelessness.
A B C D
B
SECTION B PASSAGES In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be giv en 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
1. Whom the bell was named after according to most people?
A.A boxer named Benjamin Caunt.
B.An member of parliament.
C.Welshman, Sir Benjamin Hall.
D.Edmund Beckett.
A B C D
C
[解析] 11-13 Big Ben is located in the tower at the eastern end of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster, and Greater Lon don. It was designed by Edmund Beckett and Baron Grimthorpe. Nobody really knows why it's called Big Ben. There're two hearsays about this. Some people say that it was named after Benjamin Caunt, a boxer, who was called Big Ben. Moro people believe it was called after a Welsh man, Sir Benjamin Hall, a commissioner of the work at the time of its installation in 1859. It took fifteen years to build. In 1857, the bell was completed and tested on the ground, but a four-foot crack appeared and the bell had to be cast again. Finally, the clock started ticking on 31 May, 1859. Then in September, the bell cracked again. It was silent for four years but was eventually turned a quarter of a revolution. In this way, the crack was not under the striking hammer. Craftsmen made a square above the crack to stop it growing longer and it can still be seen today. Big Ben is famous not only for its 13-ten weight, but also for its accuracy that is a result of its precise mechanism. Although there have been several problems, the bell is still striking today. Its chimes can be heard all over the world on the BBC.
2. Why does the Big Ben enjoy such a reputation?
A.Because of its location.
B.Because of its weight and accuracy.
C.Because of its designers.
D.Because of the delicate design and its historical significance.
A B C D
B
3. Which one is NOT true according to the passage?
A.The Big Ben was cracked several times.
B.The Big Ben is still perfect until now.
C.For four years the bell did not click.
D.There are two versions about the origin of the bell's name.
A B C D
B
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be giv en 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
[解析] 14-17 Why do we cry? Can you imagine life without tears? Not only do tears keep your eyes lubricated, they also contain a substance that kills certain bacteria so they cannot infect your eyes. Give up your tears, and you will lose this on-the-spot defense. Nobody wants to give up the flood of extra tears you produce when you get something physical or chemical in your eyes. Tears are very good at washing this irritating stuff out. Another thing you could not do without your tears is cry from joy, anger or sadness. Humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to emotions, and most people say a good cry makes them feel better. Many scientists believe that crying somehow helps us cope with emotional situations. One of the Tear researchers, Winked, is trying to figure out how it happens. One possibility he says is that tears discharge certain chemicals from your body, chemicals that build up during stress. If Fred is right, what do you think will happen to people who restrain their tears? Boys, for in stance, cry only about a quarter as often as girls once they reach teenage years, and we all cry a lot less than we did as babies. Could it be possibly that we face less stress? Maybe we found another way to deal with it, or maybe we just feel embarrassed.
2. What is the purpose of Winfred's research?
A.The components of tears.
B.Why some people cry more often than others.
C.How tears help us deal with emotional problems.
D.Whether crying really helps people reduce stress.
A B C D
D
3. What's the difference between human beings and other animals when shedding tears?
A.Human beings can control their tears shedding much better than animals.
B.Only human beings respond to emotions by shedding tears.
C.Only human beings shed tears to get rid of irritating stuff in their eyes.
D.The animals' tears are the response to physical or chemical stimulation.
A B C D
B
4. Which of the following is NOT true to the passage?
A.Tears can help to protect our eyes.
B.Teenage girls cry four times as often as boys.
C.People who cry more must feel better than otherwise.
D.We cannot imagine life without tears.
A B C D
C
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
1. Most of the Olympics ceremonies are to ______.
A.emphasize the justice and peace
B.promote the international friendship and peaceful cooperation
C.promote the ideals of sportsmanship in competition
D.insist on the mutual understanding and international aid
[解析] 18-20 The Olympic Games have always included a number of ceremonies, many of which emphasize the themes of international friendship and peaceful cooperation. The opening ceremony has always included the parade of nations. The Greek team always enters first, and the host team enters last. The torch relay, in which the Olympic Flame symbolizes the transmission of Olympic ideals from ancient Greece to the modern world, was introduced as part of the opening ceremony at the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin. Two other important ceremonial innovations had appeared earlier at the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium. The Olympic Flag was flown for the first time. Another was the first reciting of the Olympic Oath, taken in the name of all the athletes by a member of the host's team. The oath asserts the athletes' commitment to the ideals of sportsmanship in competition. Originally there was another parade of nations during the closing ceremonies of the Games. At the end of the 1956 Summer Games in Melbourne, Australia, however, the athletes broke ranks and mingled together to celebrate the occasion. This custom was continued in subsequent Games. After the athletes join in the main Olympic stadium in celebration, the president of the IOC invites the athletes and spectators to meet again at the site of the next Games. The IOC president then declares the Games ended, and the Olympic Flame is extinguished.
2. When the torch relay was introduced into the Olympic Games?
A.In the year of 1920.
B.In the year of 1936.
C.In the year of 1956.
D.In the year of 1965.
A B C D
B
3. What can we know about the 1920 Olympic Games?
A.It was held in Melbourne, Australia.
B.The Olympic Oath was not recited then.
C.There was torch relay in the opening ceremony.
D.The Olympic Flag was flown for the first time.
A B C D
D
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
1. How many people have been infected by bird flu in Hong Kong in 1997?
A.At least three.
B.Six.
C.Thirteen.
D.Fifteen.
A B C D
C
[解析] 21-23 The WHO has confirmed that at least three people have died of bird flu in Vietnam, the same virus that first emerged in Hong Kong in 1997 and killed six people. Hundreds of thousands of chickens have been infected by the disease in Vietnam, South Korea and Japan. The WHO says the virus, H5-N1, is the same one that suddenly jumped from chicken to humans in 1997, killing six of the 13 people it infected in Hong Kong. Thousands of chickens have been infected in Vietnam, and the government has asked the U. N. agency to help contain the disease. In South Korea, over a million chickens have either died from the flu or been culled. Japan on Monday reported its first outbreak of H5-N1, with about 6,000 chickens infected. When the link between sick chickens and the H5-N1 virus in humans was discovered in Hong Kong in 1997, the government ordered all chickens in the city killed. They also suspended imports of birds from Mainland, China.
2. Which country is not mentioned in passage been affected by the bird flu? A. Japan. B. South Korea.C. Singapore. D. Hong Kong.
A B C D
C
3. When the H5-N1 virus in humans was discovered in Hong Kong in 1997, ______.
A.the government has asked the U.N. agency to help contain the disease
B.the government ordered all chickens in the city killed
C.imports of birds from all over the world were suspended
D.over a million chickens have either died from the flu or been culled
A B C D
B
Question 24 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 sec onds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.
1. When did the head chef Rajiv Pathak was announced as one of the finalists?
[解析] The cook who feeds British workers on a North Sea oil rig has beaten off a challenge by 5,000 other cooks to reach the finals of the International Indian Chef of the Year competition. Rajiv Pathak was one of the eight finalists announced on Saturday. The contestants will have three hours to prepare and present their ideal four-dish Indian meal in Edinburgh on February 25.
Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
1. The militant was sentenced to death because of ______.
A.killing a prominent politician
B.participating in an explosion
C.killing three American officials
D.letting out the top secret of the country
A B C D
A
[解析] 25-26 A court in Yemen has upheld the death sentence on a militant convicted of killing a prominent politician and of coordinating an attack which killed three American Christian missionaries. The defendant Ali al-Jar Allah shouted" God is great!" on hearing the decision and held up his shoes in a sign of contempt. Six accomplices also convicted of killing the socialist party deputy Secretary General Jarallah Oimar in 2002 had their prison sentences overturned, a lawyer for the murdered politician criticized their release, saying they were now free to attack again.
2. The defendant Ali al-Jar Allah despises the conviction by ______.
A.holding up his shoes
B.sneering
C.stretching his middle finger
D.keeping silent
A B C D
A
Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 'seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
[解析] The church welcomed a new era in a ceremony full of ancient ritual and symbolism. After receiving his fisherman's ring and white woolen stole, sign of his authority, Pope Benedict called for Christian renewal and unity. "In a world corrupted by power and burdened by poverty," he said, "the church as a whole must lead the way to Christ." He added greetings to his Jewish brothers and sisters. The Pope was later driven around the square on an open-top vehicle. He beamed and waved as he greeted his global flock.
2. The Pope called for all the following EXCEFF ______.
A.Christian renewal
B.Christian unity
C.poverty reduction and corruption elimination
D.the church's leading the way to Christ
A B C D
C
Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
1. NATO foreign ministers are meeting ill Lithuania ______.
A.to promote the expansion of NATO to include Ukraine
B.to adopt Lithuania as a member of NATO
C.to cope with Russia
D.to discuss the relationship between NATO and Lithuania
A B C D
A
[解析] 29-30 NATO foreign ministers are meeting in Lithuania, the alliance's first major gathering in a former Soviet republic. A dominant theme of the talk was expected to be a further expansion to include Ukraine. But some NATO diplomats are concerned that a rush towards entry would raise tensions with Russia. The American Secretary of State Rice who is in Lithuania for the meeting was also due to meet opposition leaders from neighboring Belarus.
2. Some NATO diplomats worry about ______.
A.the opposition from neighboring Belarus
B.the potential tensions with Russia
C.that time is not sufficient
D.Rice's criticism
A B C D
B
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. Drunken driving has become a national 1 . Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding 2 to an incredible 250,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is defined as one with 0. 10 blood alcohol 3 or through three beers, glasses of wine or 4 of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy dinking used to be a (an) 5 part of the American macho image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken 6 Zhas recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, 7 public opinion is no longer tolerant. Twenty states have raised the 8 drinking age to 21. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-to-20-year-old drivers more than 9 , so the state recently upped it back to 21. Reformers fear 10 the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational 11 to help young people to resist 12 pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to incredible arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked 13 in fatalities. Some are also penalizing bars for 14 customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts was 15 for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was " 16 intoxicated" and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. 17 the fatalities continue to occur in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national 18 of alcohol that began in 1919, what President Hoover called the "noble 19 ". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy 20 .
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. Mary ______ that the purchase had been a mistake. However, she didn't.
A.ought to acknowledged
B.ought to have acknowledged
C.should acknowledge
D.should be acknowledging
A B C D
B
虚拟语气题。ought to have acknowledged是虚拟语气,与本句句意相符。
2. The unrighteous officer prefers to resign ______ part in such dishonest business deals.
A.than take
B.than to take
C.rather than take
D.rather than to take
A B C D
C
非谓语动词用法题。prefer意为“宁愿”,其后接名词或动词不定式;prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.意为“宁愿…而不愿…”,rather than后接不带to的不定式。
3. He is the most brilliant pianist ______ I have ever met.
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B] , [C], and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
For the executive producer of a network nightly news program, the workday often begins at midnight— as mine did during seven years with ABC's evening newscast①. The first order of business was a call to the assignment desk for a pre-bedtime rundown of latest developments. The assignment desk operates 24 hours a day, staffed by editors who move crews, correspondents and equipment to the scene of events. Assignment-desk editors are logistics experts; they have to know plane schedules, satellite availability, and whom to get in touch with at local stations and overseas broadcasting systems. They are required to assess stories as they break on the wire services--sometimes even before they do—and to decide how much effort to make to cover those stories. When the United States was going to appeal to arms against Iraq, the number of correspondents and crews was constantly evaluated. Based on reports from the field and also upon the skilled judgments of desk editors in New York City, the right number of personnel was kept on the alert. The rest were allowed to continue working throughout the world, in America and Iraq ready to move but not tied down by false alarms. The studio staff of ABC's "World News Tonight" assembles at 9 a.m. to prepare for the 6:30 "air" p. m. deadline. Overnight dispatches from outlying bureaus and press services are read. There are phone conversations with the broadcast's staff producers in domestic bureaus and with the London bureau senior producer, who coordinates overseas coverage. A pattern emerges for the day's news, a pattern outlined in the executive producer's first lineup. The lineup tells the staff what stories are scheduled; what the priorities are for processing film of editing tape; what scripts need to be written; what commercials are scheduled; how long stories should run and in what order. Without a lineup, there would be chaos. Each story's relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by the executive producer. Cutting back satellite booking to save money might meant that an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an event. A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down, but there is not enough money to do everything. So decisions must be made and made rapidly—be cause delay can mean a missed connection for shipping tape or access to a satellite blocked by a competitor. The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style. The audience has to be allowed to breathe between periods of intense excitement. A vivid pictorial report followed by less exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on information that has just flashed by. Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one film or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement. Ideally, leading and tags to stories are worked out with field correspondents, enabling them to fit their reports into the program's narrative flow so the audience's attention does not wander and more substance is absorbed②. Scripts are constantly rewritten to blend well with incoming pictures. Good copy is crisp, informative. Our rule: the fewer words the better. If a picture can do the work, let it.
1. What does the word "rundown"(Line 3, Para.1) possibly mean'?
A.The rehearsal of tomorrow's program.
B.A working report or summary to his superior or head.
3. All the following can be employed to make the report more effective EXCEPT ______.
A.more vivid pictures and details are provided
B.changing the style to cater for the audience's appetite
C.more live coverage to replace the linguistic explanation
D.interval shifts of the materials of the coverage
A B C D
A
事实细节题。根据第五段第二句话“an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an event”“新闻节目主持人的解说会取代事件的真实镜头”,第三句“A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down…”“直播的下降可以把观众赶跑,使收视率下降…。”可知真实镜头代替文字说明可以提高收视率,排除选项[C];第六段第三句话“A vivid pictorial report followed by less exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on...flashed by”,第四句话“Frequent switches from one anchor to another...create a sense of forward movement”,最后一句“leading and tags to stones are worked out with field correspondents...so the audience's attention does not wander and more substance is absorbed”说明风格和节奏可以奏效,排除选项[D]和[D]。所以选项[A]为答案。
4. What will the executive producer mostly be concerned with?
A.The cost and the effect.
B.The truth of the coverage.
C.The audience's interest.
D.The form of the coverage.
A B C D
A
推理判断题。根据文章第五段(尤其是第一句话“Each story's relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by the executive producer),执行编导会在报道方式与费用之间做出权衡,以期使报道的相对价值最优化。选项[A]为答案。选项[B]与题目没有关系,这里不涉及虚假真实,予以排除;观众的兴趣是考虑的内容,但不是执行编导所能控制的,所以选项[C]不符合文意;至于是文字报道还是现场直播、图片,这得根据经费决定,选项[D]不合适。
5. What is the text mainly about?
A.Ways to cut down the cost of the coverage.
B.How to make the report more attractive.
C.To describe tile work of the executive producer.
D.To introduce the style and features of the news program.
The current political debate over family values, personal responsibility, and welfare takes for granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government assistance is a recent and destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility aggravated by a swollen welfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberties are more likely to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to losers in our competitive market economy. But both sides believe that the "winners" in America make it on their own that dependence reflects some kind of individual or family failure, and that the ideal family is the self-reliance unit of the traditional lore—a family that takes care of its own, carves out a future for its children, and never asks for handouts①. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have wrapped themselves in the mantle of these "family values", arguing over why the poor have not been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has worsened their situation, but never questioning the assumption that American families traditionally achieve success by establishing their independence from the government. The myth of family self-reliance is so compelling that our actual national and personal histories often buckle under its emotional weight. "We successors always stood on our own two feet," my grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didn't know that the land came so cheap because much of it was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies, which had received 183 millions acres of the public domain in the nineteenth century. These federal giveaways were the original source of most major western logging companies' land, and when some of these logging companies moved on to virgin stands of timber, federal lands trickled down to a few early settlers who were able to purchase them inexpensively. Like my grandparents, few families in Americans history—whatever their "values"—have been able to rely solely on their own resources. Instead, they have depended on the legislative, judicial and social-sup port structures set up by governing authorities, whether those were the clan elders of Native American societies, the church courts and city officials of colonial America, or the judicial and legislative bodies established by the Constitution②. At America's inception, this was considered not a dirty little secret but the norm, one that confirmed to social and personal interdependence. Tile idea that the family should have the sole or even primary responsibility for educating and socializing its members, finding them suitable work, or keeping them from poverty and crime was not only ridiculous to colonial and revolutionary thinkers but also dangerously parochial.
1. Conservatives believe that welfare services have played a certain role in ______.
A.heightening individual or family dependence on government assistance
B.modulating individual or family dependence on government assistance
C.magnifying individual initiative in fighting off dependence on government assistance
D.causing political debate over personal responsibilities
2. It can be concluded that the writer's grandfather's family purchased their land ______. A. at great expense B. from the railroad company C. with the help of governing authoritiesD. with slight aid from the official agency
A B C D
B
事实细节题。根据文章第二段后两句话“the land came so cheap because much of was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies...These federal giveaways were the original source of most major western logging companies’ land,and when...logging companies moved…,federal lands trickled down to a few early settlers...inexpensively我们知道祖父家得到的土地原来是属于铁路公司的,而公司则是从联邦政府那里作为资助获得的。
3. It can be inferred from the passage that in early America ______.
A.people competed with each other fiercely for land
B.many people worked for the railroad companies
C.quite a few families made it on their own
D.social and personal interdependence was indispensable to Americans
A B C D
D
推理判断题。从文章第三段第一、二句话“few families in Americans history...have been able to rely solely on their own resources.Instead,they have depended on the legislative,judicial and social-sup port structures set up by governing authorities”;第四段第一句说明在美国初期,政府扶植“was… the norm”,最后一句话认为自力更生的想法“was not only ridiculous...but also dangerously parochial”,可以看出政府的扶持在殖民时期、大革命时期是很普遍的、必要的。
4. The word "parochial" in the last paragraph means ______.
Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a discreet corner via an "aroma box", a machine which blows warm, scented air into the environment①. It can scent the area of an average high street shop with the smell of the chocolate, freshly-cut grass, or sea breezes, in fact any synthetic odors that can be made to smell like the real thing. Heathrow's move into "sensory?" marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology—the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this "atmosphere” using sounds or smells to manipulate consumer behavior. On Valentine's Day two years ago the chain of chemist's Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. The smell of chocolate is supposed to have the effect of reducing concentration and making customers relax. "Chocolate is associated with love", said a marketing spokeswoman, "We thought it would get people in the mood for romance." She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money. However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell②. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was identical. On the other hand, a coconut-scented suntan lotion was rated more effective than a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and ex pressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in the future. Music too has long been used in supermarkets for marketing purposes. Supermarkets are aware, for ex ample, that slow music causes customers to stay longer in the shop (and hopefully buy more things). At Leicester University psychologists have found that a specific kind of music can influence consumer behavior. In a supermarket French wine sold at the rate of 76% compared to 20% German wine when French accordion music was played. The same thing happened in reverse when German bierkeller music was played. In one American study people even bought more expensive wines when classical music was played instead of country music. Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotion, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to evoke emotion-filled memories. Research suggests however that this is a myth and that a photograph or a voice is just as likely to evoke a memory as a smell. Perhaps the reason for this myth is because smells, as opposed to sights and sounds, are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.
1. What is the use of "aroma box" at Heathrow airport?
A.It can send a lot of synthetic fragrance into the environment.
B.It is an air conditioner blowing with fresh air.
C.It often pumps the smell of freshly-cut grass from a high-street shop.
D.It is a box which sends out not only aroma but also music.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。由第一段可知,aroma box(香气盒)足a machine which blows warm,scented air into the environment即“向周围散发温暖芳香气味的机器”,本题问的正是aroma box在Heathrow机场的用途,因此选项[B]是正确的,其他三个选项都不符合原文。
2. Who might benefit most from "atmospherics" in "sensory" marketing?
A.Psychologists.
B.Customers.
C.Shop owners.
D.The research groups.
A B C D
C
推理判断题。根据第二段“...to help sell products”,“...using sounds or smells to manipulate con sumer behavior”等语句,可知sensory marketing的目的是促销商品,因此商店经营者获益最大。
3. Research into customer satisfaction with scented products showed that
A.the fight smell made people think a product was better
B.people preferred the smell of lemon to coconut
C.certain smells could make people dislike a shop
D.customers rated the goods on sale as more inviting
A B C D
A
事实细节题。第三段第一句提到关于消费者对商品气味满意度的调查显示香味具有商业作用,但香味必须与商品匹配。第二句、第三句用柠檬味与椰子味的商品做比较,证实第一句的“it must be an appropriate smell”。由此可知[A]是正确的,[B]是对原文的曲解。选项[C]和[D]两项文中未提及。
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Smell is the most emotional of the senses.
B.Smell stimulates our memory more than the other senses.
C.Smell is considered to be mysterious, as it is untouchable.
D.Smell is the sense most difficult to identify.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。由最后一段可知,气味无形,难以名状,因而更神秘,可能就是人的最情感化的感觉,因此选项[A]根据文章最后一句话可以得出:气味是人最具情感化的感觉。选项[C]和[D]则根据文章最后两句话中“because smells,...,are very difficult to give a name to....smell is invisible,and thus somehow more mysterious...”。可以看出气味不可名状,难以辨别,符合文章意思;而本段第二句指出研究表明图像和声音同样也能唤起人们的记忆,因此选项[B]和原文矛盾,为正确答案。
TEXT D
If life expectancy were a marathon, you could say that the United States is fading from the pack. Al though everyone is living longer, the inhabitants of other industrialized nations have made more dramatic strides in life expectancy than Americans have. Australian men gained an extra six years between 1980 and 2001; Japanese women, 6.1% years. The result: Americans, once on a par with countries such as Italy and New Zealand—in the middle of the pack--now rank below Spain and Greece, near the end. On the face of it, this should not be happening. Healthier nations are usually wealthier nations. The United States is the third richest of the 30 developed nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), after Luxembourg and Norway. But it now ranks 22nd in life expectancy—down from 12th for women and 18th for men in 1980. Could the problem be inadequate healthcare spending? No. The US spends $1 of every $7 of its gross domestic product on healthcare—far more than any other OECD nation, which typically devotes less than $1 in $10 of GDP to the sector. Per person, that works out to an extra $1,800 compared with the Swiss or $2,300 compared with the Canadians, even though both those groups live longer than Americans. So what's at work? One factor could be diet, according to a new study on longevity by Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, and two students, Robert Hatch and James Lee①. Americans have been getting fatter, and physicians maintain that putting on weight often shrinks a person's life span. On the positive side, US alcohol and tobacco consumption is more moderate than the OECD average. Another factor holding back longevity: poverty. The quarter to a third of Americans with low incomes often have less money than the same low-income groups in several other rich countries, points out Mr. Burt less. A third factor—inequality—worsens the problem. The most prosperous 10 percent of Americans receive 17 times as much income as those in the bottom 10 percent. In countries with high life expectancies among those at 65—such as Japan, Sweden, and Norway—the top 10 percent makes only five times as much in come as those in the bottom, Professor Munnell says. The US also struggles with inequality in healthcare. While most rich nations have universal coverage, 45 million in the US did not have health insurance last year, according to census statistics—a rise of 5.2 million since the year of 2000②. Millions more have insurance only part of the year. Many of those without health insurance tend to postpone medical care for chronic problems, though they may go to hospital emergency facilities in a crisis. Thus, a better predicator of life expectancy than GDP may be the average GDP for the bottom 40 per cent of the population, notes the Boston College study. Here the US falls in the middle of the pack of rich countries, rather than at the top.
1. According to the author, people in which country are expected to live longer?
A.The United States.
B.Spain.
C.Greece.
D.New Zealand.
A B C D
D
事实细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“Americans,once on a par with countries such as Italy and New Zealand—in the middle of the pack—now rank below Spain and Greece,near the end”美国人的预期寿命曾经在众多发达工业国家中位居中游,与意大利和新西兰处于同一个档次,而如今排名已经跌落到几近末位,排在西班牙和希腊后面。可以看出,西班牙和希腊也排在靠后的位置,但是比美国靠前一点,而新西兰在中游。所以在四个选项中新西兰人的寿命可能会更长,选项[D]为正确答案。
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the US less progress in longevity than other countries?
A.The Americans are getting fatter than they used to be.
B.Some of the poor cannot afford their medicine cost.
C.The Americans drink more alcohol than people do in other countries.
D.Of the inequality existing in the United States.
A B C D
C
细节推断题。第七段说美国的饮食是一个因素,最后一句话“Americans have been getting fatter, and physicians maintain that obesity often shrinks a person's lifespan”研究表明美国人正变得越来越胖,而医生说这会降低人的预期寿命,所以排除[A]。选项[B]可以根据倒数第五段第一句话排除:另一个因素是贫穷。选项[D]可以根据文章倒数第三、第四段的第一句话予以排除,“第三个因素是不平等现象使问题进一步恶化”,“医疗卫生保健也在为不平等、不均衡现象挣扎”;选项[C]与文章事实相反,第八段说美国人抽烟和饮酒方面低于其他经合组织国家的平均水平,所以为正确答案。
3. If it is true that healthier nations are usually wealthier nations, in which position will the United States most likely to rank.'?
4. Why does the author say inequality makes the problems worse?
A.The poor cannot get the healthcare insurance.
B.The poor pay no attention to their health.
C.Most of US healthcare have been used by the most prosperous 10% of the Americans.
D.Those without healthcare insurance only go to hospital when they have to go.
A B C D
D
推理判断题。文章倒数第二段“Many of those without health insurance tend to postpone medical care for chronic problems,though they may go to hospital emergency facilities in a crisis”说大部分没有健康保险的人在患慢性病时会推迟医疗,只在危急时候才去医院救治,但并未说他们一点不关注自己的身体健康,所以排除[B];倒数第三段第二句话“...45 million in the US did not have health insurance last year,...a rise of 5.2 million since the year of 2000”只是说美国不是全民都有医疗保险,去年有520万人没有医保,有的只有部分医保,而并不是说所有穷人都没有医疗保险,所以排除选项[A]。而选项[C]文章没有提及;根据文章倒数第二段“they may go to hospital emergency facilities in a crisis”确定答案为选项[D]。
5. What is the passage mainly concerned about?
A.It reveals that inequality in America in the field of healthcare.
B.American people's attitudes toward their health.
C.It tells us the healthcare conditions in America.
D.Why the Americans have not made more dramatic strides in life expectancy.
SECTION A COMPOSITION A scholar's professional ethics is essential to his career and in a sense determines his contribution to the public. What does the professional ethics really mean, and what is its importance to a scholar shall be included? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
1. My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scholar You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
[范文] My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scholar It's no doubt that a distinguished scientist should be learned and creative. Besides these, having good professional ethics is also important to both society and the scholar himself. As far as I'm concerned, good professional ethics for a scholar involves the following aspects. Above all, an outstanding scholar is never willing to utilize his knowledge to fish for fame and scrab money. Conversely, he'll do his utmost to bring benefits to the general public. In order to raise the living standard of people and make our world a better place to live in, he would devote himself to the advancement of technology. Secondly, a respectable scholar should instruct young people selflessly, offer help to those who have troubles in works, and keep good relation with other scholars. During scientific research, mutual good communication and teamwork are rather significant. On the basis of trust, great scientific accomplishments will be gained. Further- more, a good scholar should be loyal to his scientific work and respect the work of others. Never should he allow himself to involve the plagiarism or false research findings. Finally, a scholar shoulders great duties so he must be responsible to the society and himself. When making decisions, he should insure that these actions are the result of countless tests but not in haste. Taking into account all these factors, I may safely reach the conclusion that if an excellent scientist wants to win the respect of the people and contribute more to people's benefits, he must have good professional ethics.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50~60 words based on the following situation:
1. You are informed that your friend Lily has failed her final examination and is very frustrated now. Write a note to Lily, offering some suggestions and try to cheer her up. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
[范文] April, 2 Dear Lily, I don't know how to put it. But I'm really upset when I learned by chance that you failed such an examination. In fact, no one can be in a plain sailing. Setback is the way of our life and the most important thing is our attitude. Do not lose heart and you can thumb it down. Yours, Susan