1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
[范文]
Do Not Put Everything on a Single Venture
As an English saying goes, "Do not put all your eggs in one basket." What it reveals is that it is unwise to be totally dependent on one resource. This proverb is applicable in our daily life. To begin with, having a plan B can help reduce the risk of unexpected and unaffordable results especially when it comes to important events. For example, if you want the admission of one particular college, you should fill in the forms of several colleges not just the one you desire. In this way, there is a big chance for you to be admitted. What is more, focusing on all the aspects at the same time contributes to a more balanced life. Suppose that a student only focuses on sports or other extra-curricular activities and neglects his school study, he is more likely to get left behind in terms of academic performance. Therefore, it is unadvisable to put everything on a single venture. Having a backup plan, though costly sometimes, could save a lot of headaches and even be a lifesaver.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
[听力原文] W: I'm Faith Smith. This week on our program, we will look at international marriage brokers who help American men marry women from other countries. Mr. White is in our interview spot. He has done lots of research on marriage. M: Thanks a lot. It's good to be here. W: Some people will celebrate this Valentine's Day with someone they met on the Internet through a dating site. Actually dating sites are popular in some countries these days. But we have to say dating sites are not the only online places where people look for relationships. M: Yes. In America, the business of men sending for women from other countries began in the Old West in the 1800s. There were many men living on the frontier. These included the "forty-niners"—men who moved to California in 1849 to search for gold. But there were very few women willing to join them. W: How to solve this problem? M: As a result, demand for women from other countries grew. They were called "picture brides"—better known today as "mail-order brides." W: So, these days, women who advertise online for husbands are called "e-mail-order brides." But some people consider all these terms insulting. M: Oh, they say these terms suggest that the women are products that can be purchased. But finding an American husband might provide an escape from a life of poverty or danger or loneliness. So, lots of women like to marry American men. No one blames people for seeking a better life. W: One study of agencies that list women seeking husbands found there were around ten thousand "mail-order marriages" a year. About four thousand of these involved men are from the United States.
What does the man probably do according to the conversation?
2.
A.A group of men moving to California in 1849.
B.A immigration peak in the American history.
C.Women from other countries in 1940s.
D.The rich treasure and natural resources in 1849.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What does the "forty-niners" mean?
3.
A.The name refers to street women.
B.The name is out of date.
C.Women have some better names.
D.It regards women as commodities.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Why don't some people like the name of "e mail order brides"?
4.
A.The proportion between male and female is unbalanced.
B.American men are popular in international marriage.
[听力原文]
W: Hello.
M: Hello, is that the reference library?
W: Yes. Can I help you?
M: I hope so. I rang earlier and asked for some information about Denys Hawtin, the scientist. You asked me to ring back.
W: Oh, yes. I have found something.
M: Good. I've got a pencil and paper. Perhaps you could read out what it says.
W: Certainly. Hawtin, Denys. Born: Darlington 1836; died New York 1920.
M: Yes. Got that.
W: Inventor and physicist. The son of a farm worker, he was admitted to the University of London at the age of fifteen.
M: Yes.
W: He graduated at seventeen with a first class degree in Physics and Mathematics. All right?
M: Yes, all right.
W: He made his first notable achievement at the age of eighteen. It was a method of refrigeration which arose from his work in low temperature physics. He became professor of Mathematics at the University of Manchester at twenty-four, where he remained for twelve years. During that time he married one of his students, Natasha Willoughby.
M: Yes. Go on.
W: Later, working together in London, they laid the foundation of modern Physics by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the level of subatomic particles. For this he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1910, and did so again in 1912 for their work on very. high frequency radio waves. In his lifetime Hawtin patented 244 inventions. Do you want any more?
M: Yes. When did he go to America?
W: Let me see. In 1920 he went to teach in New York, and died there suddenly after only three weeks. Still, he was a good age.
M: Yes. I suppose so. Well, thanks.
What do we learn about Denys Hawtin when he was 15?
[解析] 对话主要介绍了Hawtin的生平,女士介绍了他出生和去世的时间后,就讲到他在15岁时被伦敦大学录取了,故答案为选项C项。A项曲解了原文意思,录音是讲Hawtin在低温物理的工作中发现了a method of refrigeration,并非“发明了冰箱”:B项中的first invention未提及;D项“他获得了数学学位”是17岁时发生的事。
6.
A.He started to work on refrigeration.
B.He fell in love with Natasha Willoughby.
C.He became a professor of Mathematics.
D.He distinguished himself in low temperature physics.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]
What did Denys Hawtin do at the age of 24?
[解析] 本题各选项中的名词录音都有提及,但只有选项B是他在24岁时所做的事情,与女士提到的“他在24岁时在为曼彻斯特大学的数学教授”完全吻合。A项“他开始致力于冷冻的工作”和D项“他因低温物理而出名”曲解了原文意思,录音只是讲到他取得的第一个显著成就是在低温物理的工作中发现了一种冷冻的方法;Hawtin和Natasha Willoughby结婚是24岁之后发生的事情,至于何时fell in love录音未提供相关信息,故排除C项。
7.
A.Discovering the true nature of subatomic particles.
B.Their explanation of the laws of cause and effect.
C.Their work on very high frequency radio waves.
D.Laying the foundations of modem mathematics.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
For what were Denys Hawtin and his wife awarded the Nobel Prize a second time?
[解析] 录音提到Horton和他妻子获得了两次诺贝尔物理奖,其中第二次获奖的原因是他们在极度高频无线电波上取得了成就,C项复现了原文信息。A项中的subatomic particles虽然有提及,但Discovering the true nature不符合原文信息;B项中的laws of cause and effect与他们第一次获诺贝尔奖有关,且选项的意思与原文有出入;D项偷换概念,将原文的physics换成mathematics。
8.
A.To have a three-week holiday.
B.To patent his inventions.
C.To spend his remaining years.
D.To teach at a university.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
Why did Denys Hawtin go to New York?
[解析] 对话结尾处提到he went to teach in New York,据此断定D项为答案。对话虽提及他到了纽约3周后就去世了,但B项“去度过剩下的岁月”不是他去纽约的目的;A项“去度假三周”和C项“为他的发明获取专利”均无依据。
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
C.He gave single mothers the help that they needed.
D.He went to a training program to help a volunteer.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. The training I received, though excellent, did not tell me how it was to work with a real student. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading. My first student Marie was a 44-year-old single mother of three. In the first lesson, I found out that she walked two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she didn't know which bus to take. When I told her I would get her a bus schedule, she told me it would not help because she could not read it. She said she also had difficulty once she got to the supermarket because she couldn't always remember what she needed. Since she did not know words, she could not write out a shopping list. Also, she could only recognize items by sight, so if the product had a different label, she would not recognize it as the product she wanted. As we worked together, learning how to read built Marie's self-confidence, which encouraged her to continue in her studies. She began to make rapid progress and was even able to take the bus to the supermarket. At the end of the program, she began helping her youngest son, Tony, a shy first grader, with his reading.
As a literacy volunteer, I learned a great deal about teaching and helping others. In fact, I may have learned more from the experience than Marie did.
What did the speaker do last summer?
[解析] 推断题。录音开头提到,去年夏天我参加了一个培训课程,成为了一名扫盲志愿者。由此可以直接推知,speaker在暑期里教别人识字,故B正确。而且下文还有暗示:“我的第一位学生Marie...”,这可以让考生更加肯定B为正确答案。D为强干扰项,错在help一词上,应为become才正确,speaker是要成为一名扫盲志愿者而不是帮助一位志愿者。虽然录音中提到speaker的第一个学生是单亲妈妈,但并不表示他只帮助单亲妈妈,C属于过度推断,故不正确。
2.
A.She knew where the goods were in the supermarket.
B.She asked others to take her to the right place.
C.She managed to find the goods by their looks.
D.She remembered the names of the goods.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
How did Marie use to find the goods she wanted in the supermarket?
[解析] 细节题。录音提到,Marie需要靠视觉来识别商品。由此可知,C正确。D与文意相悖,因为Marie是文盲,她并不识字。
3.
A.Marie benefited a lot from the practical lessons.
B.Marie was able to read stories with the help of her son.
C.Marie decided to continue her studies in school.
D.Marie found her lessons more challenging than her children's.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]
How was Marie's study during the summer?
[解析] 推断题。speaker列举了Marie通过学习所取得的一系列收获,如:自信心增强;能乘坐公车去超市;甚至能帮助自己的儿子学习等,故A为正确答案。B、C的部分内容与录音原文不符,而且选项描述也比较片面、不完整,故均不正确。
[听力原文] Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy. The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight. The ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce the vitamin. But many people worry about skin cancer and skin damage from the sun. Also, darker skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter skinned people. Production also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight. Not many foods naturally contain vitamin D. Foods with high levels include oily fish such as salmon, tuna and mackerel, and fish liver oils. Boston University researchers reported last year that farmed salmon had a lot less vitamin D than wild salmon. Small amounts of D are found in beef liver, cheese and egg. And some people take dietary supplements containing the vitamin. But most of the D in the American diet comes from foods like milk with the vitamin added. These days, more doctors are testing for vitamin D levels in their patients. But as research continues, some experts worry that if people take too much D, it might act as a poison. Also, skin doctors warn people to be careful with sun exposure. How much vitamin D does a healthy person need? Nutrition experts who advise the American government set the current recommendations in 1997. The daily amount is two hundred international units from birth through age 50. Then it rises to four hundred international units through age seventy, and six hundred for those seventy-one and older. But some groups say these amounts are not high enough. According to the speaker, what is the easiest way to get Vitamin D? [解析] 短文一开始就提到了the easiest way to get vitamin D,即“从阳光中获取维生素D”。故选D。 本题符合短文听力“语义强调处出题”的规律,the easiest后的内容需重点留意。
5.
A.Darker skinned people.
B.Lighter skinned people.
C.The old aged people.
D.People living in the north.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] According to the speaker, who produces the most Vitamin D? [解析] 短文提到,深色皮肤的人比浅色皮肤的人产生的维生素D要少,老年人和那些居住在北部地区获得阳光较少的人产生的维生素也较少。故选B。 听音时应抓住重点,注意四者的对比关系,以及问题问的是produces the most Vitamin D,切勿粗心弄错。另外,A和B意思相对,这样的选项中通常其一就是正确答案。
6.
A.Taking excessive Vitamin D is harmful to health.
B.Many people don't know the importance of Vitamin D.
C.Older people are more likely to lack Vitamin D.
D.More and more people suffer from skin cancer.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What do some experts worry about? [解析] 短文提到专家们担心:“摄入过多的维生素D有可能还会有害”。A是原文同义再现,正确。 注意听清题目所问,B、C、D都不是专辑担心的事情。语义转折处常出题,听到But就要集中精神,记好笔记。
7.
A.200.
B.400.
C.600.
D.800.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] How much Vitamin D does an 80-year-old person need every day? [解析] 短文在最后提到,到70岁时每天需要400国际单位(IU)的维生素D,71岁及以上的人就需要600IU。题目问80岁的老人,故选C。 由选项可知是对数字的考查,故听到有关数字时在旁边标记相关信息以辅助解题。
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A.Daily use of social media affects school performance a lot.
B.Students who play computer games less get better grades at school.
C.There is proven link between games and addiction.
D.Students who play computer games often perform better at school.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]
Good computer skills are desirable in today's digital age, and playing computer games can help children improve those skills—as long as they don't overdo it, scientists warn. The British study involved 600 teenagers over a period of two years and found that those who played computer games less than once a week achieved better grades at school than ones who played them twice a day or more often. The study also found that daily use of social media did not affect school performance. "It was clear that social media didn't have any impact. I think that's more because social media is part and parcel of every child's life. It's the way they communicate. It's the way they keep in touch with their friends. " the researchers said.
Parents increasingly complain of having difficulty getting their children away from computer games. Some even seek help for their teenagers who they say are addicted to them. The study did not look into addiction, but suggested computer games can cause children to stay up late in the evenings, making them tired and less able to focus at school the next day.
Mark Starkey, the longtime owner of the Heart of Gaming computer game outlet in London, said there is also the difference between older games and the new ones. "The ability to make games a lot more bigger, a lot more detailed, a lot more intricate is here now. It is going to hold their attention longer. It is going to hold it a lot longer, because there is always wanting to progress through the story line—Oh my god, I have to see what happens next, etc. Whereas, again, the old games challenge more your hand-eye coordination, your speed, your timing, your reactions, rather than perhaps your imagination. "
The games industry has long claimed there is no proven link between games and addiction. But the new study says additional research is needed to establish the effect of prolific computer game-playing on performance at school.
What does the British study mentioned in the lecture find out?
[解析] 听力原文中在描述这项英国的研究时提到实验发现玩电脑游戏的频率少于一周一次的学生要比频率大于等于一天两次的学生的学习成绩好,故选项B为答案,同时排除选项D。而后又提到该研究还发现日常使用社交媒体并没有什么影响,故排除选项A。听力原文后面又提到该研究并未调查上瘾情况,因此排除选项C。
2.
A.Social media is of little interest to teenagers.
B.Teenagers don't use social media as much as they play games.
C.Teenagers are using social media as a method to study.
D.Social media is the basic way of teenagers' communication.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
According to the study, why daily use of social media didn't have any impact?
[解析] 该项英国研究表明社交媒体的使用并没有什么影响,对此研究人员给出的原因是社交媒体已经是每个孩子生活的基本组成部分了。这就是他们与人沟通、跟朋友保持联络的方式。因此选项D为答案。其他选项听力原文未提及,均排除。
3.
A.The new games are not detailed as the old ones.
B.The old games challenge one's reactions and speed more.
C.The new games hold users' attention shorter than the old ones.
D.The old games require more of your imagination.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]
What is the difference between the old games and the new ones, according to Mark Starkey?
[解析] 题干中的Mark Starkey为答题关键词,本题问Mark Starkey认为新旧游戏的区别在哪里?听力原文中提到现在的新游戏更大、更为精细,而且变得越来越复杂。它会长时间吸引玩家们的注意力。而老游戏更多的是挑战你的手眼协调能力、你的速度、你对时机的绝佳把握、你的反应,而非你的想象。由此可知,只有选项B符合听力原文内容,为答案。
[听力原文]
The popularity of mobile devices has had some unintended and even dangerous consequences. We now know that mobile communications are linked to a significant increase in distracted driving, resulting in injury and loss of life.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that in this year driver distraction was the cause of 18 percent of all fatal crashes—with 3, 328 people killed—and crashes resulting in an injury—with 421, 000 people wounded.
Forty percent of all American teens say they have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger, according to a survey.
11 percent of drivers aged 18 to 20 who were involved in an automobile accident and survived admitted they were sending or receiving texts when they crashed.
Distracted driving endangers life and property and the current levels of injury and loss are unacceptable. To stop this problem, the PCC is working with industry, safety organizations, and other government agencies to inform and educate the public about the dangers of distracted driving and is seeking to identify and facilitate the development of innovative technologies that could reduce the incidence of distracted driving. To help in this effort and share information, we created a dedicated website.
Currently there is no national ban on texting or. using a wireless phone while driving, but a number of states have passed laws banning texting or wireless phones or requiring hands-free use of wireless phones while driving.
Parents shall give teen drivers simple, clear instructions not to use their wireless devices while driving. According to Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, the easiest way to say it is: "On the road, off the phone. " Before new drivers get their licenses, discuss the fact that taking their eyes off the road—even for a few seconds—could cost someone injury or even death.
Children learn from their parent's behavior. No one should text and drive. Be an example for your children and if you need to text or talk on the phone, pull over to a safe place.
Become informed and be active. Review the information and the literature on our website. Set rules for yourself and your household regarding distracted driving. Tell family, friends and organizations to which you belong about the importance of driving without distractions. Take information to your children's schools and ask that it be shared with students and parents.
What is linked to the increase of distracted driving according to this talk?
[解析] 录音提到,移动通讯与驾驶中注意力不集中事件增多有关联,故D项“移动通讯设备的使用”为正确答案。A项“交通意外的后果”在录音中提到。B项指代不明,录音中讨论的是移动通讯与驾车之间的关系,并非笼统指代通讯方式。C项虽然是驾驶中注意力不集中造成的后果,但录音中并没有提到它与分心驾驶事件的增多有何联系。
5.
A.Facilitating the advanced technologies.
B.Cooperating with a dedicated website.
C.Drafting a national ban on this issue.
D.Informing people about the dangers.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
What is the FCC doing to reduce the incidence of using cell phones while driving?
[解析] FCC为了解决手机带来的驾车危险,设法向公众发布信息,教育群众驾驶时注意力不集中的危害(inform and educate the public about the dangers),D项“告知人们该做法的危害”为正确答案。A项advanced technologies有误,FCC运用的是创新科技(innovative technologies),而不是先进科技。B项混淆了两种做法,FCC是与工业和安全类机构、国家机关合作,并推出了一个专门的网站,而不是与专门的网站合作。录音中没有提到FCC在撰写全国性的法案,只提到暂时没有该类法案,故C项错误。
6.
A.By setting an example for their children.
B.By reviewing the information on the website.
C.By turning off their children's mobile phones.
D.By sharing the information with other drivers.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]
How can parents be informed and active in preventing their children from distracted driving?
[解析] 录音提到,家长要保持消息灵通和态度积极,可浏览网站的相关信息(Renew the information)及文章,故选B项。A项“为孩子树立榜样”虽是录音中提到的做法,但与保持信息灵通和态度积极无关。录音中指出家长应建议孩子开车时关闭手机,而不是关掉孩子的手机,C项错误。家长应将相关信息与孩子的学校、同学及其家长分享,而不是与其他司机分享,D项错误。
D.The job-hunting site has a large number of visitors.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Nowadays, more and more students prefer to hunt jobs online. However, your privacy may fall into the wrong hands. Your personal data can be used by criminals to profit at your expense. So how do you protect yourselves while circulating your resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet. Check for a privacy policy. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site you are considering has a privacy policy. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. Safeguard your identity. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic identifier. You should also consider eliminating the name and the location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company. If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer. Establish an email address for your search. Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event that strangers gets hold of your email address and shares it with others. Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn't contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. Keep confidential information confidential. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver's license, and bank account numbers or other personal information. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don't provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check.
According to the lecture, what should job seekers make sure before they post resumes online?
8.
A.Never write the name and the location of the current employer.
B.Never write the phone number on the resume.
C.Make a detailed description of the current company.
D.Replace their names with their friends'.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] How can job seekers conceal their identities when they are seeking jobs online?
9.
A.It can help job seekers to make more new friends.
B.It can help job seekers to receive more job-related emails.
C.It can help job seekers to post resumes on more websites.
D.It can prevent strangers from sharing their email addresses with others.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Why should the job seekers establish a new email account when they seek jobs online?
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Visitors to Britain may find the best place to 1 local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly hostelries can be minefields of potential gaffes for the uninitiated. An anthropologist and a team of researchers have 2 some of the arcane rituals of British pubs—starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no 3 —you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to 4 their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. Pub culture is designed to promote 5 in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely 6 and really quite normal behaviour. "If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain." This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customer's 7 of conduct for those wanting to sample "a central part of British life and culture". The trouble is that if you do not 8 the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing 9 the regular customers and bar staff more than a gang of strangers 10 all access to the bar while they chat and dither about what to order. A. fetch B. offensive C. code D. blocking E. ingratiate F. sociability G. break H. unveiled I. sample J. irritates K. follow L. overturned M. appropriate N. waiters O. responsibility
1.
I
[解析] 空前是find the best place to,空后是名词local culture,故此处应填一动词,文章主要讲了英国酒吧与英国文化之间的密切关系,由此可推知,传统英国酒吧是最能领略当地文化的地方,I项sample意为“抽样调查,用样品来检验”,在此,以英国酒吧为样品来调查英国文化,符合句意。因此选择sample“抽样调查”。
[解析] 空前是is considered entirely,空后是连词and,则此处应填一个形容词。该段提到,“酒吧文化的设计是为了促进社会交往”,而且该句后半部分提到“和陌生人亲切地交谈被认为是正常行为”,因此可推知:和陌生人亲切地交谈被认为是完全适宜的,M项appropriate意为“合适的,恰当的”,符合句意。因此选择appropriate“合适的,恰当的”。
[解析] 空前是do not,空后是名词the local rules,则此处应填一个动词,该句后半句意为“你将会一无所获”,很显然,这种结果是由非正面的原因引起的,由此可知“如果你不遵守当地习俗,你将会一无所获”。K项follow意为“跟随,遵守”,符合句意。因此选择follow“跟随,遵守”。
9.
J
[解析] 空前是名词Nothing,空后是名词the regular customers and bar staff,故此处应填一个动词,前一句提到“你们若是团体前往,那最好是一个或两个人前去买酒”。而后半句讲到“一大伙人一边聊着,一边又优柔寡断不知喝什么酒好,把通往吧台的路给堵住”。综合这些信息可知,酒吧常客和酒保一定会对这种行为感到愤怒。J项irritates意为“激怒”,符合句意。因此选择irritates“激怒”。
Section B Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Customs Work
A. One of the little rituals all international travelers go through is customs. To most people, this is just another stop in an airport or a minor inconvenience at a country's borders. But when you go through customs, you are actually taking part in a key component of the global economy. B. A nation's customs service has many responsibilities. At its most basic level, its purpose is to regulate what comes into and goes out of a country. The foremost element of this regulation is controlling international trade. The concept of trade is as old as civilization itself. If my tribe has a huge supply of bananas, and your tribe has a huge supply of fur, we will trade goods so that both our tribes can eat and both can keep warm. In the modern world, international trade is based on money, but it works in pretty much the same way. My country may produce more televisions than the population needs, but not enough cars. In order to have everything the population needs, businesses in my country will export TVs and import cars. C. Any nation wants its own businesses to do well, so most of the time they prefer their people to buy domestic goods over competing foreign goods. But in many cases, goods are available cheaper in another country than in your country, and people naturally want to buy them at the lower price. To tilt the balance in favor of domestic businesses, governments impose tariffs, also called duty, on foreign goods coming into the country. D. In addition to encouraging domestic trade, duty also gives the nation a "piece of the action" when somebody buys something produced overseas. Customs agencies are often major sources of revenue for the government. The US Customs Service, for example, brings in more money than any other government office except the Internal Revenue Service. To control specific sorts of trade, a government may impose a higher tariff on certain types of goods (alcohol, for example). Certain countries may join together to work out mutually beneficial trade agreements, enabling businesses in those nations to trade more freely with each other than they can with businesses in other nations.This gives an advantage to nations that a country has a good relationship with. E. Customs agencies also monitor what is being exported from a country. For example, most governments strictly regulate what weapons can be exported to other nations. This is simply a common-sense safety measure: It's not a good idea to arm enemy nations, so the government has to know who is buying any domestically-produced weaponry. As we'll see later on, customs agencies also pay careful attention to how much money citizens are transporting out of the country. F. Duty charges have a huge effect on big businesses, which may import millions of dollars worth of goods every year. To regulate trade on this level, a country's customs agency must keep track of all shipments that come into the nation's ports or cross its borders. They can't check every bit of foreign cargo, of course, so agents pick certain boxes to inspect and certain shipments to scrutinize. In an effort to speed up the process, the US Customs Service is implementing new, computerized systems for processing shipments and charging importers. G. While large businesses are the main importers in a country, trade restrictions also apply to the individual traveler. When you bring home souvenirs (纪念品) from another country, you are actually importing goods. In the United States and many other countries, the customs agency grants each traveler a nominal duty exemption (免除) to allow them to bring back a reasonable amount of goods without having to pay tariffs. H. In most countries, it isn't feasible for the customs agency to check all of the goods that every single traveler is importing, so governments have to depend largely on people's honesty. When you enter a country, you are asked to truthfully report what goods you are importing and make a good faith estimate of their value. They don't put their entire trust in people's good character, of course~customs performs a thorough search of some percentage of all travelers. I. Some customs agencies decide which travelers to search based on random chance. You are asked to press a button on a machine that activates a random number generator. Depending on the number that comes up, either a green light comes on and you can pass through or a red light comes on and the agent searches your bags. Other customs agencies decide who to search based solely on intuition.After many years on the job, a customs agent develops a keen eye for people who are up to no good.Unlike the police, customs agents are fully authorized to search your luggage, clothes and even your body without any warrant or reason for suspicion. Customs agents often work side-by-side with immigration officials, and in some ports of entry, one inspector may represent both agencies. But at its core, a customs agency is concerned with the things that are coming in and out of a country, rather than the travelers themselves. J. In addition to monitoring legal imports, a nation's customs agency also works to keep out illegal or contraband (违禁品) items. Customs agencies must fight the flow of illegal materials across borders. In addition to drugs, customs agencies may watch for weaponry, child pornography (色情资料), counterfeit merchandise and stolen goods. They also watch for people carrying illegally gained money across borders. K. These sorts of illegal materials make up only one category of contraband goods. Customs agents also stop the importation of legal goods that are a threat to the nation's security. In most countries, the importation of fruits, meats, animals and plants is heavily regulated due to the fear of disease or ecological imbalance. While it may seem strange that a piece of fruit is considered a threat to national security, the risk of biological contamination is very real. In the late 1980s, one traveler with one piece of contaminated fruit caused an infestation (大量滋生) of Mediterranean fruit flies that destroyed millions of dollars worth of crops in California. L. Some completely harmless items are deemed contraband simply because of the country they come from. If country A is considered to be a national enemy of country B, or has a record of violating international law, country B (and other countries) might institute an embargo (禁运) against that country (a ban on the importation of country A's goods). This cuts off potential business for country A, and this may persuade its leaders to change their policies. In the United States, the best known example of this sort of sanction is the embargo against Cuban products. There is a high demand for Cuban cigars in the United States, but they are strictly regulated because of the strained relationship between the United States and Cuba. As with drugs, smugglers are eager to sneak in a supply to meet this demand, and are constantly trying to get around customs. M. In many countries, the customs agency closely monitors the importing and exporting of cultural artifacts. While a traveler may have purchased the item in good faith, it might have been stolen at an earlier point. Customs agencies have helped to restore many priceless artifacts to their rightful owners. N. A country's government might also ban importation of items based on ethics and morality. For example, in many countries, you cannot import ivory or other products that come from endangered animals. In 2000, the United States enacted the Dog and Cat Protection Act, banning the importation of any products made from dog and cat fur that was acquired inhumanly. The US Customs Service confiscates all such goods so that US citizens do not inadvertently support this practice. O. Without customs agencies, nations would have no control over what comes in and goes out of their country. In order to protect its citizens and businesses, a government has to be vigilant in protecting its borders, not only against armed attack, but also against unwanted imports. As any customs agent will tell you, this is crucial to maintaining order in modern society.
1. Students from low-income families have less access to off-campus sports programs.
J
[解析] 解题信息出现在文章J段第三句和第四句话。第三句话提到了对non-school based after-school programs的研究发现disadvantaged children的参与率较低,同时第四句话也提到了对于这些项目low-income students have less access。因此正确答案为J。
2. Amanda Ripley argues that America should learn from other countries that rank high in international tests and lay less emphasis on athletics.
B
[解析] 对应文章B段第二句话后半分句:America should learn from South Korea and Finland and every other country at the top level of international test scores,all of whom emphasize athletics far less in school. 因此正确答案为B。
3. According to the author, Amanda Ripley falls to note that students' performance in exams varies from state to state.
D
[解析] 对应文章D段第二句话:She ignores,however,the fact that states vary at least as much in test scores as do developed countries. 题干中的fails to note对应原文的ignores,题干的意思正好对应作者所批评的阿曼达·里普利没有注意到州与州之间的差异性。正确答案为D。
4. Amanda Ripley thinks that athletic coaches are poor at classroom instruction.
K
[解析] 对应文章K段第一句话中里普利的另外一项同样站不住脚的评论的内容:athletic coaches are typically lousy classroom teachers,其中lousy对应题干中的poor,都表示“糟糕的”的意思。正确答案为K。
5. James Coleman's later research makes an argument for a school's social capital.
H
[解析] 对应文章H段第一句话:in later research Coleman would show how the success of schools is highly dependent on what he termed social capital,与题干中提到的詹姆斯·科尔曼后期研究关于社会资本的论证内容一致。正确答案为H。
6. Researchers find that there is a positive relationship between a school's commitment to athletics and academic achievements.
E
[解析] 对应文章E段最后一句话:a school's commitment to athletics are significantly and positively related to lower dropout rates as well as higher test scores,该句话正好对应题干所言的学校对运动的投入与学校的学术成就呈现正相关的关系。正确答案为E。
7. A rigorous study finds that athletic coaches also do well in raising students' test scores.
L
[解析] 题干对应信息出现在文章L段第二句话:In the most rigorous study on the classroom results of high school coaches,结果发现athletic coaches in Florida mostly tend to perform just as well as their non-coaching counterparts,with respect to raising student test scores。因此正确答案为L。
8. According to an evaluation, sports programs contribute to students' academic performance and character building.
I
[解析] 对应文章I段的三句话。该段第一句话提到,根据2013年的一项评估,一个运动项目能够改善学生的“学习习惯”(study habits)和“学习绩点”(grade point averages),对应题干中的academic performance。而第二句和第三句话提及的犯罪率的降低则对应题干中的character building。正确答案为I。
9. Amanda Ripley believes the emphasis on school sports should be brought up when trying to understand why American students are mediocre.
10. James Coleman suggests in his earlier writings that school athletics would undermine a school's image.
G
[解析] 对应G段第二句和第三句话。第二句话提到:Coleman in his early work held athletics in contempt,arguing that they crowded out schools' academic missions,科尔曼对于体育运动早期的态度是不屑一顾(contempt),认为它排挤了学校的学术使命。第三句话引用道:Altogether,the trophy case would suggest to the innocent visitor that he was entering an athletic club,not an educational institution. 科尔曼认为,奖品柜将向无知的来访者暗示,他进入的是一个运动俱乐部而非教育机构,正好对应题干中的undermine a school's image。因此正确答案为G。
Section C Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "coca" in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup (浆汁). At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic (滋补品), and Pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. But the other half of the name represents another ingredient, less infamous (名声不好的), perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut. In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants. Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands. Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes. By the late 19th Century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular medicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink, it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular. The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It's become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985—sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales—proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. "Coca-Cola Classic" returned to store shelves just three months aider the "New Coke" was released. These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it's said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.
1. What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton? ______
A.He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.
B.He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.
C.He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.
D.He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves.
3. How come kola-extract colas became popular? ______
A.Cocaine had become notorious.
B.Alcoholic drinks were prohibited.
C.Fountains were set up to sell them.
D.Rights were sold to bottle the soda.
A B C D
A
[解析] 定位:根据题干中的kola-extract colas became popular,可将答案线索定位至文章倒数第三段最后一句。 该句提到:当可卡因被禁止在酒类产品中添加后,混合了可乐果提取液的“可乐”就流行开来了。可知“可乐”开始流行是因为可卡因在酒类产品中被禁用,因此A项是正确答案。第一段倒数第二句提到了prohibiting the sale of alcohol,此处提到禁止酒类销售是为了说明可口可乐成分的演变过程——糖浆替代了酒精,不是“可乐”流行开来的原因,故B项错误。C项和D项都是可口可乐的销售措施,并非“可乐”开始流行的根本原因,故排除。
4. What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola? ______
A.It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.
B.It still relies on traditional kola nut extract.
C.It has become more popular among the old.
D.It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation.
Passage Two In junior high school, one of my classmates had a TV addiction—back before it was normal. This boy—we'll call him Ethan—was an encyclopedia (百科全书) of meaningless content, from "The A-Team" to "Who's the Boss?". Then one day Ethan's mother made him a bold offer. If he could go a full month without watching any TV, she would give him $200. None of us thought he could do it. But Ethan quit TV, just like that. His friends offered to let him cheat at their houses on Friday nights. Ethan said no. One month later, Ethan's morn paid him $200. He went out and bought a TV, the biggest one he could find. Since there have been children, there have been adults trying to get them to cooperate. The Bible repeatedly commands children to heed their parents and proposes that disobedient children be stoned to death or at least have their eyes picked out by birds. Over the centuries, the stick has lost favor, in most cases, to the carrot. Today the tiny bribes (贿赂)—a sticker for using the toilet or a cookie for sitting still in church—start before kids can speak in full sentences. In recent years, hundreds of schools have made these transactions more businesslike, experimenting with paying kids with cold, hard cash for showing up or getting good grades. I have not met a child who does not admire this trend. But it makes adults profoundly uncomfortable. Teachers complain that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will. Psychologists warn that money can actually make kids perform worse by cheapening the act of learning. Parents predict widespread slacking after the incentives go away. The debate has become a battle for the larger war over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases. But all this time, there has been only one real question, particularly in America's lowest-performing schools: Does it work? To find out, a Harvard economist did something education researchers almost never do: He ran a randomized experiment in hundreds of classrooms in multiple cities. He used mostly private money to pay 18000 kids a total of $6.3 million and brought in a team of researchers to help him analyze the effects. The result is that money is not enough. But for some kids, it may be part of the solution. In the end, we all want our children to grow into self-motivated adults. The question is, how do we help them get there?
1. What does the author suggest by saying Ethan was "an encyclopedia"?
A.Ethan was knowledgeable.
B.Ethan knew many pointless things from TV.
C.Ethan was intelligent.
D.Like an encyclopedia, Ethan knew everything.
A B C D
B
[解析] 由Ethan was "an encyclopedia"定位到第一段第二句。 语义理解题。由定位句可知,Ethan是个电视迷,各种各样的八卦新闻、电视节目,他都知道。B中的pointless是对定位句中的meaningless的同义转述。因此,B为正确答案。
2. What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A.The Bible still plays an important part in education.
B.The Bible encourages children to be disobedient.
C.Rewarding works in educating children.
D.Parents prefer bribing their children in education.
A B C D
D
[解析] 由the second paragraph定位到第二段。 细节辨认题。由定位段第三、四句可知,现在的家长喜欢用一些小恩小惠哄孩子好好表现。因此,D为正确答案。
[解析] 由the best title定位到整篇文章。 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者探讨了物质奖励对教育孩子是否有效、是否可行这一问题,因此A最适合作为本文的题目。
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
The hot pot developed gradually, adapting to the historical introduction of vessels, social demands and ingredients, just like China's dietary development. For instance, it was impossible to have spicy hot pot before pricklyash peel was introduced. And also, chili peppers introduced into China made the savor spicy possible. During the Three Kingdoms period, the "Five-section Vessel", (the pot separated into several grids) noted by Emperor Wendi of Wei, could be used to cook different foods at the same tune. This vessel is similar to today's "2 in 1 Hot Pot". In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, bronze tripod was the most common vessel, which gradually evolved into today's hot pot.
[解析] 第一句:该句主干为“火锅的发展……是渐进式的”,“亦如同餐饮史的发展”为状语,翻译时用介词just like引出,放在该句主干后。“完全是依据……”,是指火锅根据不同时期引入的器皿、社会的需求以及原材料而变化,故“依据”应翻译为adapting to引出的现在分词短语,作状语。其中“原材料”一词根据下文列举的“花椒”和“辣椒”可知,这里特指烹调用的原料,所以应译为ingredients。 第二句和第三句:这两句都用来例证上文火锅的发展是渐进式的,故翻译时,应该采用不同的句型使译文看起来更加生动。第二句中的“就像”译为For instance,其次,根据英文的表达习惯,即“先表态后叙事”,选用句型it was impossible to...引领全句;第三句用And also引出即可。 第四句:该句很长,需拆译,“三国时代,魏文帝所提到的‘五熟釜’就是分有几格的锅,可以同时煮各种不同的食物”,该小句语义完整,可单独翻译成句;“和现今的‘鸳鸯锅’可以说是有异曲同工之妙”也可单独成句。前半句的主干为“‘五熟釜’……可以同时煮各种不同的食物”,然后把“魏文帝所提到的”译作后置定语;翻译后半句时,要补充出主语This vessel,翻译“有异曲同工之妙”采取“意译法”,译为is similar to...。 第五句:该句的主干为“‘铜鼎’是最普遍的器皿”,“也就是现今的火锅”处理为定语从句。句中的“也就是”指“慢慢演化为现今的火锅”,如果译为which turned out to be today's hot pot并不能准确地表达原文的意思,故应译为which gradually evolved into today's hot pot。