Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet, NOT on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW, as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A You will hear a talk about a different culture. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You'll hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1-10.
1. The speech is mainly about the organization of the company.
对 错
A
[听力原文]1-10 Good morning! Um… As Managing Director of our company I've been asked to say a few words to you today about the way the company is organized. So what I've done is to make a sort of table… you know … to show how it is all arranged. It's in your books. Can you find it? OK. Now, not all compaines are organized in the same way, of course. They all have more or less the same bits and pieces, but they put them together in different ways. In fact, some Managing Directors are always changing the organization, which can be very disturbing for everybody else and sometimes causes awful hold-ups. Sometimes it's necessary, of course, like when you start making something different or join up with another company or something. Anyway, I think the organization of my company is fairly typical, so let's take a look at how we have arranged it. At the top of the scheme, above me, there's the Board of Directors. Their job is to administrate the company, make general policies, and so on. There are two kinds of directors, actually, One kind is what we call non-executive directors, which means that they are not full-time employees. They are the sort of people who have some standing in various parts of the business world and are in a position to help the company to succeed. They only appear when there are meetings of the Board, and some of them are on the boards of other companies at the same time. But the second kind of directors—the executive directors—are full-time employees of the company. Most of them are managers of our various departments, and you'll be meeting them later. The absolute head of the company, of course, is the Chairman of the Board. He is appointed by the Board, and his job is to take the chair at, meetings of the shareholders and the Board of Directors, and to represent the company's interests at outside functions. He does not take much part in the running of the business. He leaves me to get on with the job. Mind you, not all chairmen are like that. Our last one was a real pain, always Wanted everything done his own way and he kept on interfering … but anyway, that's what the top slot in the scheme is for. Then there's me, the Managing Director, or MD for short—as long as you don't think I'm a doctor of medicine, ha ha…Um …Now, my job is to coordinate the policies decided by the directors and see that they are carried out. I do this through the various managers of departments—departmental managers. At the moment I've got six, and there are slots for them along the line undernearth me in your scheme. I don't think they are in any particular order, so we'll start from the left and work across. Actually, they're all going to come and tell you about their jobs. So I'll just say a few words And …urm Right. The first one is …
2. People like to have changes in the organization of the company.
对 错
B
3. All directors on the Board are full-time employees in the company.
对 错
B
4. The job of the Board of Directors is to administrate the company.
对 错
A
5. The chairman of the Board is appointed by the Board.
对 错
A
6. MD refers to a doctor of medicine.
对 错
B
7. MD is the absolute head of the company.
对 错
B
8. MD decides company's policies and carried them out.
对 错
B
9. MD has six departmental managers at the moment.
对 错
A
10. The speaker will introduce six departmental managers one by one.
对 错
A
Part B You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
1. What have the European countries agreed on at the Brussels Summit?
A.To reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
B.To find more energy resources.
C.To substitute renewable energy for fossil fuels.
D.To reverse the trend of global warming.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]11-13 W: Mr. Dimas, at the Brussels summit the Europeans agreed, to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and focus more on renewable energy sources. The participants gave themselves a hearty pat on the pack for this achievement. Has the world's climate now been saved? M: We have completed important steps on the road to limiting global warming as much as possible. But of course it will take many other measures as well. W: Environmental groups are calling it window dressing. M: It's obvious that what we have done just now won't be enough. But let's take a look at the facts. We intend to satisfy 10 percent of our fuel consumption needs from renewable raw materials in the future. We are placing our bets on renewable energy sources, and we have committed to a 20 percent reduction (relative to 1990 levels) in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. If we compare this to what seemed possible two years ago, these are revolutionary advances ... W: ... that exist only on paper so far. The EU has made many resolutions in the past that have been quickly forgotten. M: No-one will be able to ignore these binding resolutions that easily. We will certainly encounter setbacks along the way, but the train is already in motion, and all 27 EU countries are on board. The EU Commission will now begin directly transforming the agreements into law. W: Experts predict that the EU will not even attain the meager targets of the 1997 Kyoto protocol. M: Some member states, like Germany, will make it. Others will not. Those are the ones we have to work on. More has to be done, and this is where 1 place a great deal of faith in the presiding president of the European Council, German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
2. What is the goal to be reached by 2020?
A.10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
B.20% replacement of renewable energy.
C.10% reduction in energy consumption.
D.20% reduction in greenhouse gas emission.
A B C D
D
3. What is the attitude of the environmentalists towards the EU agreement?
[听力原文] 14-16 Yesterday we discussed the problem of rising prices, or, in the economist's terms, inflation. We noted that, during periods of inflation, all prices and incomes do not rise at the same rate. Some incomes rise more slowly than the cost of living, and a few do not rise at all. Other incomes rise more rapidly than the cost of living. We concluded that persons with fixed incomes, for example, the elderly who depend upon pensions, and persons with slow-rising incomes as, for example, an employee with a salary agreed to in a long-term contract, will be most seriously affected by inflation. Please remember that while their dollar incomes, stay the same, the cost of goods and services rises, and in effect, real income decreases, that is, they are able to purchase less with the same amount of money. We also talked about the fact that stockholders and persons with business interests and investments would probably benefit most from inflation, since high prices would increase sales receipts, and profits would likely rise faster than the cost of living. And now, before we begin today's lecture, are there any questions about the term, inflation or any of the examples given in our discussion so far?
5. According to the lecture, what is inflation?
A.Rising prices.
B.Fixed income.
C.Real income.
D.Cost of living.
A B C D
A
6. Who benefits most from inflation?
A.Persons who have salaries according to long-term contracts.
7. The Mediterranean Sea is facing all the following EXCEPT ______.
A.over-fishing
B.various pollutions
C.uncontrolled coastal construction
D.growing population
A B C D
D
[听力原文] 17-20 The World Wildlife Fund has released a report that identifies 13 Mediterranean coastal areas as being in urgent need of environmental protection. These areas are: Alboran sea (Spain, Morocco, Algeria); Balearic Islands (Spain); Liguro Provencial coast (France, Italy, Monaco); Corso-Sardinian coast(France, Italy); Southern Tyrrhenian coast (Italy); Dalmatian coast (Croatia); Eastern Ionian coast and islands(Albania, Greece); Aegean sea(Greece, Turkey) and Anatolya coast (Turkey); Cilician coast(Turkey)and Cyprus Island coast; Cyrenaica(Libya); Gulf of Sirte(Libya); Gulf of Gabes(Tunisia); and Algero-Tunisian coast(Algeria, Tunisia ). According to the WWF study,"Mediterranean Marine Gap Analysis, "the three major threats to the Mediterranean Sea are uncontrolled coastal construction, pollution from industries and intensive agriculture and oil spills, and over-fishing. The study shows that 14 percent of the Mediterranean coast is already heavily damaged. Some areas are so degraded that they can be classified as"lost". They include the Italian Adriatic coast, the coast between Syria and the mouth of the Nile, the coast linking the mouth of the Rhone in France to Spain, and the Spanish coast from Barcelona to Valencia. Currently less that 1 percent of the coastal Mediterranean sea is protected, the report says. The study also cites three major areas of importance for threatened species: the Aegean sea and the Turkish Mediterranean coast for monk seals and sea turtles, and the Sardo-Corso-Liguro-Provencial Basin for dolphins and whales. WWF calls on governments of countries in the region to ensure the protection and efficient management of these sites. It urges that coastal trawling be banned in waters between 0 and 50 meters of depth(where, it says, 80 percent of marine life species found)and the ban enforced throughout the Mediterranean. It also urges that a ban on coastal construction in these 13 areas be imposed and that international pollution legislation be applied across the board in the Mediterranean.
8. How many areas does the speaker describe as "lost"?
A.Fourteen.
B.Four.
C.Seven.
D.Thirteen.
A B C D
B
9. According to the speaker, three major areas in Mediterranean are facing ______.
A.uncontrolled coastal construction
B.intensive agriculture
C.the extinction of marine life species
D.oil spills
A B C D
C
10. What is the speech mainly about?
A.Environmental protection
B.Coastal construction
C.Marine life.
D.Mediterranean coastal areas.
A B C D
A
Part C You will hear a talk about a famous artist. As you listen, you must answer Questions 21-30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in the place provided for you, you'll hear the talk TWICE. You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 21-30.
1. Besides the form of reports,in what other forms can we give oral presentations?
Answers to questions.
[听力原文]21-30 In your university work.you will be expected to give oral presentations in the form of reports or simply in the forms of answers to questions.There are several things you oral do to make your oral presentations clear and easy to understand. The fundamental point to realize is that speech and writing are different.If you want to be best understood.you can't simply read your written report aloud.The biggest difference between spoken and written language is that readers can look back over the printed words when they don't understand.In spoken language,however,listeners can't go back and check the words.They can rely only on memory.So the first principle to keep in mind when you're planning to speak in public is that you have to help the listener's memory.This means that an oral report can't deliver information as rapidly as a written report.That is,you can't have as many pieces of new information packed into the same number of words,because they will come at too fast a rate for the listener to understand. In an oral report,the rate of delivery has to be slower.One of the best ways to help your audience is simply to speak slowly.Many people speak too fast when they speak to a group.This is a mistake,especially if you have a foreign accent,because it makes listening more difficult.Beyond the simple technique of speaking more slowly when you speak before a group,there are ways of organizing your presentation that can help the listener be clear and understand your main points. The organization of your talk should allow enough time for the listener to think both before and after each new idea.The purpose of the time before the new information is to give the audience a chance to understand the background clearly.Knowledge of the background,or setting of the information,makes it much easier to anticipate what kind of information is coming next.If the new information occurs too early,without enough background,the listeners should not be prepared with enough background to be able to predict what's coming. I've been describing the time for thinking before the new information.It's also important to provide time for thinking after the new information.This thinking time allows listeners to fit the idea into their general knowledge of the subject.Thinking time gives the listener a chance to make sure that the idea was understood before going on to the next new idea. There are three general ways to give the listener time for thinking and time after a point of new information.One way is simply to pause.A moment of silence gives the listener time to take in the new information,but there are other ways.A second method is to use a paraphrase.That is,you say the same thing,but in different words.This paraphrase,or repetition of the idea,helps the listeners to fix the thought in their memory.A third way to give the listener time to think is to use words that don't mean much.These are words that convey no information,but just fill in time.For instance,you might say something like “as I've been saying” or “and so forth” and “and so on”.That kind of expression doesn't really say anything.It's just made of what we call “filler words”.The words have no real meaning.but they do perform a useful function.since they allow the listener time to think. In summary,then,we know that oral language should deliver information at a slower rate than you can use in written language.New information should be presented more gradually.Thinking time should be provided both before and after each important new item.The time before is to provide a background so that the listeners can have a chance to anticipate the idea.The time after is to allow the listeners a chance to understand what they just heard.The three most common ways to allow this thinking time are:(1)to pause,(2)to paraphrase,and(3)to use filler words. I hope that these advices will help make your oral presentations a great success.
2. What's the essential point we should realize about speech and writing?
They are different.
3. What can the listeners rely on when they are listening?
Their memory.
4. What's one of the best ways to help your audience?
To speak slowly.
5. Besides the problem of speaking too fast, what else will make listening more difficult?
A foreign accent.
6. Before delivering the new information, what should the speaker give his audience?
Time for thinking.
7. After delivering the new information,why should the speaker also give his audience some time?
To take information.
8. What does repetition of ideas mean?
To paraphrase.
9. What's the third method mentioned here to give the listener time to think?
Use filler words.
10. Can you give an example of "filler words" ?
And so on./And so forth.
Section Ⅱ Use of English Read the following text and fill each of the numbered space with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. America is thick 1 commercials and advertisements. They barrage one's five senses. One might often think 2 almost drowned in them. Driving on the highway, one sees huge signs of advertisements in the fields, when a truck passes 3 , one sees advertisements on the truck. In big cities, 4 are painted on buildings, and sometimes one can even find people walking 5 advertisements on their bodies. American newspapers usually consist of twenty to thirty pages, or even more, every day, but one half 6 two-thirds of them are advertisements. American people like sports, sometimes a famous player's hobbies can become the fashion of society. Famous soccer player Pélé and boxing champion Ali have both done 7 to promote the sales of goods. Eating in cafeterias or McDonald's, one often meets with another type of advertisement: "Would you please try a piece of our new sandwich? Free, a smiling waitress might invite. Sure, why not? Opening the door in the morning, one often finds some sample goods such as detergent at the doorstep for one to try. No wonder people say that in America merchants don't mind what they sell, but how they sell it. Radio and 8 are generally considered the two most efficient 9 media. The waves of the radio reach far and 10 , taking commercials to people. The wares vary 11 cookies and meats to dog food, from stockings and overcoats to cars.., anything one can 12 of. Television does an even 13 job. It makes commercials visible. Every ten minutes, a television 14 will be interrupted by commercials for a couple of 15 . These 16 ruin good movies and exciting television shows. The surplus commercials on television (47) the audience crazy:" Oh, commercials 17 !" "I hate it!" "I've seen this commercial a hundred items." If a TV station is 18 the air from 7 a. m. to 2 a. m. next morning for about twenty hours, and if there is a group of four commercials every' ten minutes, just think how many 19 there will be in a day!
1.
with
2.
oneself
3.
by
4.
advertisements
5.
with
6.
or
7.
something
8.
television
9.
mass
10.
wide
11.
from
12.
think
13.
better
14.
program
15.
minute
16.
interruptions
17.
drive
18.
again
19.
on
20.
commercials
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Part A Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 The objectives of purchasing employees have been labeled the "five rights of purchasing. "Purchasing employees try to buy the necessary materials and supplies at the right price, the right quality, from the right sources, at the right time. They must use the telephone to "shop around" for the best buys available, and they must take advantage of any discounts and any deliveries, installations, and warranties included in the prices. When purchasing employees decide on the supplier they intend to use, they issue a purchase order. The purchase order may direct the supplier to prepare the item for pickup by company employees or for delivery by the supplier. Purchasing people must then follow up on the order to make certain that the needed item is recevied on schedule anti in good condition. The problem of ordering the right quantity was explained earlier in the chapter. Several costs are associated with excessive inventories of materials and supplies. Money invested in excess inventories could have been invested elsewhere, where it could be earning money, excess inventories may be misplaced or stolen, may become spoiled or obsolete, and must be insured. The consequences of not ordering materials and supplies soon enough or in sufficient quantities can be especially, catastrophic for production departments. What if purchasing employees at American Motors Corporation failed to order the right number of cans or bottles? In each instance, production at a factory (or large segment of a factory) would be discontinued. The companies would lose much valuable production, even though many of their costs would continue, and employees would lose some of their income. Buying materials and supplies of the right quality is often just as important as controlling the quality of the items being manufactured for sale. The quality of the items produce can be no higher than the quality of the materials used in production processes. Also, purchasing employees are interested in getting what they are paying for, both in quantity and quality—and a little extra whenever possible. A reliable source is often more important than the lowest price in securing quality. A purchasing manager who abandons a reliable supplier to take advantage of a lower price elsewhere may not find the reliable supplier available if he needs him at some future date. A balance between price and quality must often be made. The purchasing task is easier when only one or a few suppliers are used. However, total reliance on one supplier can be hazardous. Many companies go bankrupt each year. Employees sometimes strike. Production facilities often break down. Floods, hurricanes, and other natural disasters occasionally interfere with production and transportation facilities. Accordingly, many purchasing managers consider the use of several suppliers of key items as good insurance against disruptions in their own production processes. Timing is an important consideration in purchasing. When raw materials are needed today, delivery tomorrow or the day after won't do. Purchasing managers must divise control systems that allow their employees to check on the progress of incoming orders.
1. According to the writer, before purchasing employees decide on the right quantity of materials and supplies, they have to first ______.
A.decide on the suppliers and issue a purchase order
B.compare prices of goods at several shops and make use of any discounts
C.ask the suppliers for deliveries, installations and warranties
D.make certain the needed goods are not damaged and sent in time
A B C D
B
2. From the failure in ordering the right number of materials and supplies, we can infer that ______.
A.Avoiding excess inventories helps you have more money to buy more business stock
B.Ordering materials and supplies behind the schedule will delay production at a factory
C.Excess inventories result from a large amount of loss and waste
D.The companies will decrease their costs of production and lose much valuable production
A B C D
B
3. In the fifth paragraph, the writer implies that ______.
A.right quality is more important than right quantity
B.sufficient quantities of materials and supplies promote production of goods
C.controlling the quality of manufactured items is more important than selling goods of the right quality.
D.the quality of the materials in production decides the quality of the items produce
A B C D
D
4. The phrase "a reliable source" (line 1, para 6) most probably refers to ______.
A.a reliable supplier to take advantage of a lower price elsewhere
B.a purchasing manager to find a reliable supplier available
C.several suppliers of key items as good insurance
D.some purchasing managers who check to see what we need
A B C D
C
5. What is the main message of this text?
A.Purchasing employees should follow up on the processes of purchasing.
B.People should be aware of the close relationship among the "five rights of purchasing. "
C.The "five rights of purchasing" are the important right people should have to purchase.
D.People must consider five factors when buying the necessary materials and supplies.
A B C D
D
Text 2 Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzberg, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizations spend only 22 per cent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conventionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are co-ordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has been largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version claims that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has given rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings. It is, of course, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleading since the raison d'etre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital props, both for the participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organization, at all levels, in a mere systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved in the process can be assured that the decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial manager with Allied Breweries, explains: "Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action." Key individuals are also seen to have put their names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organization behind it, even if it actually went through "on the nod". At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeting can be taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: "I did what I could to prevent it—I had our objections minutes in two meetings." The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white. By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: "Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work. "Managers are being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort too—that of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualized, the participants are probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, and there is a chance to prepare. Little wonder then, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside the meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that their peers are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same problems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. Paid for those who may be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal occasions for gently pulling them round. As Steve Styles, the process control manager (life services) at Legal & General, puts it: "The mere presence of others in meetings adds weight to teasing or censure and helps you to 'round up the strays'." Such gatherings therefore provide solace and direction for the management team—a security blanket for managers. Meetings do serve a multitude of means as well as ends. They relieve managerial stress and facilitate consensus. For the organization, they have a safety-net-cum-robber-stamping function without which decisions could not proceed, much less gather momentum. In short, meetings am fundamental to the well-being of managers and organizations alike.
1. Why are the minutes of meetings important for a company?
A.They provide a clear history of the firm and its evolution.
B.They concentrate scattered memos and directives in one synthetic document.
C.They reflect decision-making and control over company life.
D.They record any individual disagreements with company decisions.
A B C D
C
2. Why do managers consider it important to be invited to meetings?
A.They can impress their superiors.
B.All the important company decisions are made at meetings.
C.It makes them feel that their opinions are of importance to others.
D.They can share problems and anxieties.
A B C D
C
3. According to shop-floor workers, where do mangers really work hard?
A.At their desks.
B.In meetings.
C.On visits to company production areas.
D.On business trips.
A B C D
B
4. Why are meetings comforting for the managers who participate in them?
A.They can show off their talent.
B.They make them feel they belong to a team.
C.They are a welcome break from daily routine.
D.They are a useful alibi for inaction.
A B C D
B
5. What, according to the writer, are the essential functions of meetings?
A.Planning and controlling company activities.
B.Reassuring managers and conferring legitimacy on decisions.
C.Asserting authority and judging one's peers.
D.Sharing problems and censuring mistakes.
A B C D
D
Text 3 A mystery over what caused the brightest supernova ever observed finally appears to have been solved. Two astronomers in the Netherlands say the explosion was the result of a cosmic pileup: dozens of massive stars crashing into each other, producing a monstrous heavyweight star that eventually exploded, leaving a giant black hole in its wake. Supernova 2006gy burst into view in September 2006 in a distant galaxy, 240 million light years away. The blast was 100 times more powerful than a normal supernova, suggesting the exploding star weighed in at more than a hundred times the mass of the Sun. But astronomers found a puzzling detail in their observations: the supernova debris contained large amounts of hydrogen, which they would not have expected for such a massive star: It should have shed its outer hydrogen layers at an earlier stage. Although several possible explanations have been put forward to explain the massive blast— including the formation of a quark star and the production of huge quantities of antimatter—no single theory could easily explain all of the observations. Now, in the journal Nature, Simon Portegies Zwart and Edward van den Heuvel of the University of Amsterdam say 2006gy may have been the result of a multiple-star collision in a dense stellar cluster. They say dozens of stars—some of them hydrogen-rich—collided to form a giant weighing in at over 100 Suns. Unable to support its own weight, the colossus blew itself to smithereens in an explosion that outshone its home galaxy. Computer simulations reveal that multiple collisions are quite likely in very dense star clusters. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, contains two such superdense clusters (the Arches cluster and the Quintuplet cluster), close to its centre. Indeed, supernova 2006gy also occurred close to the core of its host galaxy. If Portegies Zwart and van den Heuvel are right, the dense cluster of stars should become visible once the supernova has faded sufficiently. This should happen a few years from now, they say. There may be another explanation for the brightness of the supernova, however. In the same issue of Nature, Stan Woosley of the University of California at Santa Cruz and his colleagues show how multiple explosions in a single, very massive star could account for 2006gy's behaviour. In this model, every explosion produces an expanding shell of material. When new ejecta catches up and collides with an older shell, so much energy is released that the result will look like an over-luminous supernova. "One could, I suppose, make our massive star by merging smaller ones," Woosley said, "but that was not part of our model and does not seem necessary." According to Woosley's calculations, the star may not yet have collapsed into a black hole. A new explosion might happen in about 10 years or so, he says.
1. What do the astronomers in Holland believe?
A.A black hole is going to result from the explosion of the supernova.
B.The supernova was 240 million years old.
C.The supernova as caused by a multi-star pile-up.
D.The blast of the supernova was 100 times more powerful than that of the sun.
A B C D
C
2. What phenomenon cannot the astronomers find a satisfactory explanation for?
A.The supernova destroyed its hydrogen layers at an earlier stage.
B.The supernova debris contained much hydrogen.
C.The supernova resulted in a quark star.
D.The explosion of the supernova has produced very much antimatter.
A B C D
B
3. Where are multiple-star collisions likely to happen?
A.Near dense stellar clusters.
B.In the Milky Way.
C.Near the center of a galaxy.
D.In the host galaxy.
A B C D
C
4. How do Woosley and his team explain the brightness of the supernova?
A.It was caused by multiple explosions of a single massive star.
B.It resulted from a multiple-star collision.
C.It resulted from the merging of small stars.
D.It was caused by the collision between expanding shells of material.
A B C D
A
5. Which of the following statements about the black hole is NOT TRUE?
A.Woosley predicts that a black hole may form in 10 years after another explosion.
B.Woosley and his team have not yet observed a black hole.
C.Zwart and Heuvel believe that a black hole has resulted from the explosion.
D.Zwart and Heuvel hold that the supernova may collapse into a black hole in a few years.
A B C D
D
Part B In the following article some paragraphs have been removed for Questions 66-70. Choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 It was a cold day. I sat in my room writing letters. I glanced out of the window. In the window directly opposite me stood Herr Stroh, gazing blatantly upon me. I was annoyed at his interest. I pulled down the blind and switched on the light to continue my writing. But the drawn blind and the artificial light irritated me, and suddenly I didn't see why I should't write my let- tees by daylight without being stared at. I switched off the light and released the blind. Herr Stroh had gone. I concluded that he had taken my action as a signal of disapproval, and I settled back to write. 66. ______ I left my room and went down to complain to Frau Lublonitsch. "She's gone to the market," Gertha said. "She's 11 be back in half an hour." 67. ______ "I shah tell Fran Chef, "she said. Something in her manner made me ask, "Has this ever happened before?" "Once or twice this year, "she said." I'll speak to Frau Chef. "And she added, with her music-hall grimace, "He was probably counting your eyelashes." 68. ______ For nearly an hour I sat patiently at the window. Herr Sroh rested his arm now and again, but he did not leave his seat. I could see him clearly, although I think I imagined the grin on his face as, from time to time, he raised the glasses to his eyes. There was no doubt that he could see, as if it were within an inch of his face, the fury on mine. It was too late now for one of us to give in, and I kept glancing down at the entrances to the hotel Stroh, expecting to see Fran Lublonitsch or perhaps one of her sons or the yard hands going across to deliver a protest. But no one from our de approached the Stroh premises. I continue to stare, and Herr continued to goggle through his glasses. Then he dropped them. It was as if they had been jerked out of his hands by an invisible nudge. He approached close to the window and gazed, but now he was gazing at a point above and slightly to the left of my room. After about two minutes, he turned and disappeared. 69. ______ "Did she telephone to his house?" "No, Frau Chef doesn't use the phone; it mixes her up." "Who protested, then.'?" "Fran Chef." "But she hasn't been across to see him. I've been watching the house." "No, Frau Chef doesn't visit with him. But don't worry, he known all right that he mustn't annoy our guests. ' When I looked out of the window again, I saw that the blind of Herr Stroh's room had been pulled down, and so it remainded for the rest of my stay. Meantime, I went out to post my letters in the box opposite our hotel, across the path. The sun had come out more strongly, and Herr Stroh stood in his doorway blinking up at the roof of the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. He was engrossed, he did not notice me at all. 70. ______ Like most of the roofs in that province, the Lublonitsch roof had a railed ledge running several inches above the eaves, for the purpose of preventing the snow from falling in heavy thumps during the winter. On this ledge, just below an attic window, stood the gold-and-rose ormolu clock that I had seen in Frau Lublonitsch's splendid bedroom. I turned the corner just as Herr Stroh gave up his gazing; he went indoors, sullen and bent. Two ear-loads of people who had moved into the hotel that morning were now moving out, shifting their baggage with speed and the signs of a glad departure. I know that his house was nearly empty. A. I didn't want to draw his attention by following the line of his gaze but I was curious as to what held him staring so trance-like up at our roof. On my way back from the post- box I saw what it was. B. I caught sight of a tiled stove contructed of mosaic files that were not a local type. I also noticed, standing upon the cabinet, a large ornamental clock; each curve and twirl in the case of this clock was overlaid with that gilded-bronze alloy which is known as ormolu. The clock twinkled in the sunlight which slanted between the window hangings. C. I looked up a few moments later, and this time Herr Stroh was seated on a chair a little way back from the window. He was facing me squarely and holding to his eyes a pair of field-glasses. D. I returned to my room. Herr Stroh still sat in position, the field-glasses in his hands resting on his knees. As soon as I came within view, he raised the glasses to his eyes, I decided to stare him out until such time as Frau Lublonitsch should return and take the matter in hand. E. Just then Gertha knocked at my door. "Frau Chef has protested, and you won't have any more trouble, "she said. F. So I lodged my complaint with Gertha.
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C
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F
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D
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E
5.
A
Part C Answer questions 71-80 about 4 American Writers in the following article. Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once. A = Halloween B — Christmas C = Thanksgiving Which holiday... ※ Was not celebrated for many generations 71. ______ ※ Was celebrated by dressing up in strange and 72. ______ frightening costumes ※ Is a family day 73. ______ ※ Was observed by the Pilgrims in 1621 74. ______ ※ Is celebrated with different names in many countries 75. ______ ※ Is observed by decorating a tree 76. ______ ※ Is a time when most Americans pause in 77. ______ tribute to the values of and fortitude in the face of adversity, hard work etc. ※ Is a time when children collect money for 78. ______ needy children ※ Is a time when a whole turkey is served at 79. ______ the table ※ Is not a religious or church holiday 80. ______ Halloween(October 31 ) This is a holiday widely celebrated with different names in many countries. Although it originated as a religious holiday, it has lost its religious connections in the United States. It is now celebrated largely as a children's day, and many American children look froward to it for days and weeks beforehand. The orange pumpkin is harvested at this time of year and is hollowed out, a funny face cut into it, and a candle placed inside as a decoration in the window. City folks, nowadays, sometimes use paper pumpkins for decorations. Some years ago, the holiday was celebrated by dressing up in strange and frightening costumes and playing tricks on one's neighbors and friends, such as ringing door bells, throwing bits of corn on the window panes, and in other ways making minor disturbances. More recently, children come to the door to have friends and neighbors admire their costumes and guess who they are behind the false faces and receive treats of candy, fruit or cookies. They say, "Trick or Treat", meaning, "I will play a trick on you if you will not give me a treat. "This practice has even-more recently developed into a significant international activity. Instead of or along with candy, the children collect money for UNICEF(United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund). This special collection of money by children for needy children throughout the world is known as "UNICEF" Trick or Treat". Begun only recently, it results in several million dollars each year contributed to UNICEF. The collection box is orange, reminiscent of the pumpkin. Christmas (December 25) This is the biggest holiday, and the holiday season extends from a few days before December 25th through New Year's Day. Although its origin is in the Christian religion, it is celebrated by almost everyone in the country in one way or another regardless of their religion. As a holiday within the church marking the birth of Christ. Christmas ranks with Easter. Non-Christian visitors who wish to observe a church service will find that churches are decorated more extensively than usual, traditional music sung only at Christmas can be heard, and midnight services on Christmas Eve are often held in candle light. Anyone of any faith is welcome to walk into such a service without a speical invitation. The earliest settlers of America did not celebrate Christmas for many generations. Some were too concerned with bare existence while others, such as the Puritans, considered any celebration too frivolous for those of a serious and religious disposition. With the subsequent settlement of large groups of German and Dutch people, traditional European folk observances of the Christmas season developed. From Germany came the Christmas tree and the tradition of a figure known as Kris Kringle who distributed gifts to children. From Holland came Sinterklaas, or St. Nicholas, the forebearer of the American Santa Claus. Today, families gather on Christmas, sometimes travelling considerable distances to be together. Gifts are exchanged on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day. Even families who do not have deep religious convictions decorate a Christmas tree and serve a traditional dinner—often a whole turkey carved at the table—and join wholeheartedly in the festivities of the Christmas season. On Christmas Eve, children go to bed early and await the coming of Santa Claus. Parents put up the tree, decorate it profusely, and place gaily wrapped presents under it. When the children awake the next morning, all the gifts, including the tree were presumably delivered by Santa Claus travelling from house to house through the sky in his sleigh pulled by reindeer. Thanksgiving(Fourth Thursday in November) The first Thanksgiving Day was observed by the Pilgrims at Plymouth colony in Massachusetts in 1621 to give thanks for the bountiful harvest and their triumph of survival over the wilderness. They shared their feast with the Indians. Throughout the early history of the United States, Presidents proclaimed Thanksgiving Day for special reasons: in 1778 for the return of peace after the Revolution; in 1789 George Washington declared Thanksgiving Day for the welfare of the nation. Now it is a time when most Americans pause in their striving in gratitude for the good life which they enjoy. In a sense they pause, too, in tribute to the values of courage and fortitude in the face of adversity, hard work, cooperation, suffering, and the willingness to die for a principle symbolized by the Pilgrims. Most churches hold services on Thanksgiving Day, but it is not a religious or church holiday as Christmas and Easter are for Christians or Hanukkah and Passover are for Jews. Thanksgiving is a family day—a time when married children and grandchildren observe the day with their parents. Roast turkey with stuffing and cranberry sauce, and for dessert, pumpkin or mincemeat pie are traditional. The carving of the whole bird at the table is a bit of ceremony which is also traditional.
1.
B
2.
A
3.
C
4.
C
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A
6.
B
7.
C
8.
A
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C
10.
C
Section Ⅳ Writing
1. You have read an article in a magazine which states, "We are surrounded by various inventions in our life: microwave, telephone, computer, rocket, and so on. They all have brought great change to the world and our daily life since the day they were invented. But what is the greatest invention? Almost everyone has his or her own idea about it." Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and draw a natural conclusion. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET2.
E-mail: The Greatest Invention in My Eyes [参考范文] Inventions have changed our life greatly. For example, computer improves our working efficiency, microwave makes cooking easier, television enrichs our leisure time, and telephone simplifies communication. Among various inventions, e-mail is the most important invention in my eyes for it has revolutionized communication. Firstly, such an innovation makes people closer in spatial, temporal and emotional dimensions. In the past, it's nearly impossible for people to communicate with others in distant area so conveniently. Letter is too slow, and telephone is too costly. With e-mail no matter where your friends are, you can keep in touch with each other frequently, which not only saves time and money, but more importantly, makes emotional exchange much easier. Secondly, such an invention makes communication more efficient. One piece of message can be sent to hundreds of others at the same time, so that many people can share the same thing simultaneously, which saves troubles of coping and sending many times. Thirdly, e-mail revolutionized communication also in that much and varied information can be conveyed by e-mail--letters, documents, video and audio files -- to meet people's various needs. I'm a college student. In the past years, c-mails constantly have passed me the warmth and care from my parents, the encouragement from friends, and the study materials I want from others. So it has become a good companion, a generous helper, and a close friend. To wind up my discussion, I want to restate my view: e-mail is the most important invention in my eyes.