Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet, NOT on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW, as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A You will hear a talk about a different culture. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You'll hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1-10.
1. The staff members of the restaurant don't share in decision-making.
对 错
B
[听力原文]1-10 W: I hope I'm not interrupting your work, Paul. You must be very busy at this time of the day. M: Not at all. Come in, come in, Mrs. Finch. I'm just tasting a few of the dishes we'll be serving this morning. W: Thai looks interesting. What exactly is it? M: Thai one is fish--in a special sauce. One of my new creations, actually. W: I'm looking forward to trying it. M: I do hope you've enjoyed your stay with us. W: Very much, indeed. We both find it very relaxing here. M: Well, I'm sure there's lots more you'd like to ask, so, please, go ahead. W: Thanks. I notice that you have a sort of team of helpers. How do you organize who does that? Surely, it's difficult with so many talented people? M: Everyone contributes ideas, of course, and to a certain extent shares in the decision-making. We all have our different specialties and different ways of doing things, but that's a great advantage in a place like this. If there is any disagreement, I have the final word. After all, I own the business and I'm the boss. But it happens rarely. I'm glad to say. W: Have you had them with you for long? M: Not all of them, no. Alan's been with me for about five years. I used to have a restaurant on the east coast. Then I got the offer to do a lecture tour of Australia and New Zealand, you know, with practical demonstrations, so I sold the business, and then Alan and I looked around for two young chefs to lake with us. Tom and Martin have been working for me ever since. Chefs are not a problem, but I'm having a lot of trouble at the moment finding good, reliable domestic staff. W: How long did the tour last? M: We were away for over two years in the end because more and more organizations wanted to see the show, anti one thing led to another. W: Had you been considering this present venture for long? M: For some time, yes. During the tour I began to think it might be interesting to combine the show idea with a permanent establishment, and so here we ate. W: And what made you choose this particular spot? M: Quite a few people have been surprised--you're not the first. It does seem a bit out of the way, I know, but I didn't want to start up in London. There's far too much competition. Then I decided to go for a different type of client altogether--the sort of person who wants to get away from it all; who loves peace and quiet, and beautiful scenery but also appreciates good food. When I saw the farmhouse I couldn't resist it. I was brought up not far from here so everything just felt into place. W: To go back to the food, Paul. Do you have a large selection of dishes to choose front or are you always looking for new ideas? M: Both. A lot of the dishes had already been created on the tour, but I encourage my staff to experiment whenever possible. I mean I can't keep serving the same dishes. The people who come here expect something unusual at every course, and some guests, I hope, will want to return. W: I know two who certainly will. M: It's very kind of you to say so. Is there anything you'd like to know? W: As a matter of fact, there is. Your grapefruit and ginger marmalade tasted delicious. Could you possibly give me the recipe? M: It isn't really my secret to give. It belongs to Alan, but I'm sure if you ask him he'll be glad to oblige you--as long as you promise not to print it in your magazine.
2. The owner, Paul, always has the final say when disagreement comes up.
对 错
A
3. Alan has been with Paul for fifteen years.
对 错
B
4. Paul once lectured on cooking with practical demonstrations in Australia and New Zealand.
对 错
A
5. His lecture had been very popular.
对 错
A
6. Paul once wanted to set up his business in a competitive place.
对 错
B
7. The restaurant used to be a farmhouse.
对 错
A
8. Paul feels all right keeping serving the same dishes.
对 错
B
9. Alan may not want to have his recipe publicized.
对 错
A
10. The woman is a journalist from a magazine.
对 错
A
Part B You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
1. How many constituencies is the country divided into for the General Election?
A.653
B.635
C.365
D.53
A B C D
B
[听力原文]14-16 The importance of parties and of the people in the British system of government can best be appreciated by seeing what happens at a General Election. At this, which must take place at least every five years, elections are held in every constituency in Britain to decide which individuals shall represent them in the House of Commons. For electoral purposes the country is divided into 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament. Each constituency contains, on the average, about 63,000 electors. Any citizen over the age of 18 can vote in the constituency where he usually resides; only criminals, lunatics, and members of the House of Lords are disqualified from voting. Similarly, any citizen can become a candidate for election to Parliament, though there are two conditions: he or she must get ten electors in the constiuency to nominate him as a candidate, and he must put down a deposit of 150 pounds which he forfeits if he gets less than one-eighth of all the votes cast in the constituency. On the day appointed for the election, voters go to the polling stations in their constituency and indicate, by marking a ballot form, which of the various candidates listed on the form they would like to have as their representative in the House of Commons. At the end of the day the ballot-boxes, into which the voters have put their marked forms, are sealed and taken to one center in the constituency, unlocked, and the votes counted in the presence of the candidates. The one who has the most votes (even if he has only more than his nearest opponent) is successful, and will go to Westminster as Member of Parliament for that constituency.
2. Which of the following are disqualified from voting in the House of Commons?
A.criminals, lunatics and beggars
B.criminals, insane people and members of the House of Lords
C.burglars, members of the House of Commons and lunatics
D.criminal, lawyers and lunatics
A B C D
B
3. On the day appointed for the election, where do voters have to go?
4. The hardware that Frank Drake used in his research was ______.
A.one Hectare Telescope
B.100 trillion times less effective than that wed in Puerto Rico
C.100 trillion times more effective than that used in SETI
D.much more effective than one Hectare Telescope
A B C D
B
[听力原文] 17-20 Since 1960, when Frank Drake made a pioneering search for alien signals, the hardware used for SETI has been steadily and swiftly beefed up. Our experiment here in Puerto Rico is reckoned to be 100 trillion times more effective than Drake's search. In five or six years, the SETI Institute hopes to be using its own search machine, the One Hectare Telescope(IHT). To put the possibilities of that telescope into perspective, we need to consider the following: Our experiment here at Arecibo is a first survey of our galaxy neighborhood, extending outward to roughly 100 light-years. It's exciting and groundbreaking. But the 1hT will allow a thorough mapping of the Milky Way out to 1,000 light-years. If, in the galaxy's complement of a halftrillion stars there are as many as 10,000 advanced societies, the 1hT will sample enough star real estate to find one. The search is more than simply sitting around with a hand on the nouse and an eye on the screen. It's more, even, than merely working out the technology of a new telescope. It's a constant, gnawing challenge. It is a voyage of discovery, but we are not clear what sort of ship we should use, or in which directions we should steer. This uncertainty occasionally prompts critics. Unlike Columbus, who knew that if he sailed far enough, he'd at least encounter something, a SET1 detection is not guaranteed. While many scientists engaged in the search predict a signal will turn up within a decade, no one can be sure.
5. What will the experiment at Arecibo focus on at next stage?
A.Beefing up the hardware for their equipment.
B.Assisting their telescope with a computer.
C.Making their own telescope.
D.Making a census of our galaxy neighborhood.
A B C D
D
6. The scientists who are engaged in the research project expect to do the following EXCEPT ______.
A.map the Milky Way out to 1 000 light-years
B.work out the technology of a new telescope
C.pick up alien signals within a decade
D.sample enough
A B C D
B
7. Which of the following is NOT true?
A.People have been updating equipment for the research ever since 1960.
B.Scientists are still unable to tell when they can find aliens.
C.Scientists believe there are a half-trillion stars in our galaxy.
D.The equipment scientists use for their research is assisted by a computer.
[听力原文] 17-20 W: Prof Schneider, you and three colleagues just published new research in the Proceedings of the National (US) Academy of Sciences. Could you explain what this tells us? M: Many current investigations into climate change rely on statistical or physical models--and all models rely on assumptions. We thought why not ask plants and animals directly if they have felt any climate changes lately? We wanted to find out if nature had more credible answers than models alone the animals and plants in nature can give us independent evidence of human induced global warming. So we looked at more than 130 different plant and bird species in the northern hemisphere--mainly in Northern America and Europe--to see how flowering and migration times have changed. And we compared our findings with a state-of-the-art climate model driven by natural forces like volcanic eruptions, human pressures like greenhouse gas emissions and the combination. Normally, such model-driven results are compared to temperature measurements such as thermometers, weather balloons, and satellites--all of which have controversies attached as to their reliability. So we just jumped over the controversy by using plants and animals as "surrogate" thermometers to see if a clear signal emerged. W: And what was the result? M: First of all, you can today clearly see how much earlier plants flower in spring--in the thirty years from 1970 to 2000, flowering has moved to an earlier moment by almost ten days. The best fit with the species records came from the computer model driven by the combination of natural and human pressures. In fact the strongest single factor is human forces like greenhouse gases and industrial hazes. Secondly you can see that this is in accordance with the climate model that we used a standard model on which many climate scientists rely. So the research shows once more that the general results of the model calculations actually are true--we can see the same basic things the model predicts going on in nature.
9. Which phenomena did they observe particularly?
A.Flowering and migration.
B.Volcanic eruption.
C.Greenhouse gas emissions.
D.Human activities.
A B C D
A
10. What did they compare their model-based results to?
1. Where did electronic commerce develop from?______.
electronic data interchange
[听力原文]21-30 A: When did the age of electronic commerce begin? B: Business-centered electronic commerce began more than two decades ago with the introduction of electronic data interchange (EDI) between firms (sending and receiving order, delivery and payment information, etc. ) Even consumer-oriented electronic commerce has a rather long history: each time you use automatic teller machines or present your credit cards, you transact business electronically. These EDI and ATM, however, operate in a closed system; they are of a more convenient communications medium, strictly between the Parties allowed in. The World Wide Web (WWW), the Internet's client-server, opened up a new age by combining the open Internet and the easy user interface. WWW was created at the CERN Lab for Particle Physics in Geneva in 1991(with its Mosaic, the predecessor of Netscape). It took two years for Mosaic to penetrate the Internet, and another two years before businesses and the general public took notice of its potential. A: Is EC here to stay? Will it be hero but gone tomorrow? B: EC, and the Internet, is not a fashion because of its widespread effects. Some may find it useless to open a web store; but web stores do not make electronic commerce or the digital economy. There will be new types of interfaces (browsers and protocols) and new (privatized) networks, but what the WWW represents is our march toward the digital economy and knowledge-based society. Technologies, the Web and other processes are but a means of achieving that goal. A: Will EC be limited because not many people can afford PCs and/or get access to the Internet? B: Today's EC processes are based on personal computers because of their origin within the Internet, a network of computers. First stage of EC expansion is that within the installed base of computer users (more "connected" users). The second wave will come when more people get access to computers (via lowered computer prices or cheaper devices). The third, and more important, expansion is predicted to be from those with non-computer access to the global network: through broadcast TVs, cable TVs, telephone networks and new appliances; A widespread use of these cheaper access media represents the phase of "bringing workplace computers into the living room". However, the affordability of these devices, the easiness of use or the mode we access the network is less of an issue than how we will use these devices. Turning the computer into a convenient device like a TV is a goat in itself. For example, the speech-to-text technology will eventually make manual imputting unnecessary. In terms of productivity, it is hard to convince that computer hardware and software have met our expectation for making our work and life easier or more productive during the last decade. But what will we do with new inventions when we get them? Delivering the same information but more conveniently? Selling the same entertainment and TV programs but with more efforts? The limiting factor will be our limited vision about the electronic future. A: Are there different kinds of e-money? B: Yes. In general, there are two distinct types of e-money: identified e-money and anonymous e-money (also known as digital cash). Identified e-money contains information revealing the identity of the person who originally withdrew the money from the bank. Also, in much the same manner as credit cards, identified e-money enables the bank to track the money as it moves through the economy. Anonymous e-money works just like real paper cash. Once anonymous e-money is withdrawn from an account, it can be spent or given away without leaving a transaction trail. You create anonymous e-money by using blind signatures rather than non-blind signatures. [To better understand blind signatures and their use with e-money, I highly recommend reading chapters 1-6 of Bruce Schneier's book Applied Cryptography. It is quite readable, even to the layman. He doesn't get into the heavy-duty math until later in the book. Bruce does a very good job of describing the wide variety of interesting things you can do when you combine computers, networks, and security. ] There are two varieties of e-money for each type: online e-money and offline e-money. Online means you need to interact with a bank (via modern or network) to conduct a transaction with a third party. Offline means you can conduct a transaction without having to directly involve a bank. Offline anonymous e-money (true digital cash) is the most complex form of e-money because of the double-spending problem.
2. When we use automatic teller machines, we are______.
transacting business electronically
3. Both electronic Data Interchange and automatic teller machine have a more______.
convenient communications medium
4. What kind of society is the web leading us into?______.
knowledge-based(society)
5. If people can get access to the global network through cheaper access media, electronic commerce is to______.
expand fully/have another expansion
6. Instead of the affordability of cheaper access media, scientists worry about the ability to______.
use these devices
7. What does the prospect of electronic commerce rely on?______.
our limited vision
8. What kind of e-money should you use if you do not want your identity revealed?______.
anonymous e-money
9. What kind of e-money should you use if you can't get access to network?______.
offline e-money
10. What risk does true digital cash face?______.
double-spending
Section Ⅱ Use of English Read the following text and fill each of the numbered space with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. You may say that the business of marking books is going to slow down your reading. 1 probably will. That's one of the 2 for doing it. Most of us have been taken in by the notion that speed of 3 is a measure of our intelligence. There is 4 such thing as the right 5 for intelligent reading. Some things should be 6 quickly and effortlessly, and some should be read 7 and even laboriously. The sign of intelligence 8 reading is the ability to read 9 thing differently according to their worth. In the 10 of good books, the point is not to see how many of them you can get through, 11 how many cart you get through-bow many you can 12 your own. A few friends are 13 than a thousand acquaintances. If this be your goal, 14 it should be, you will not be impatient if it takes more time and effort to read a great book than it 15 a newspaper. You may have another objection to 16 books. You can't lend them to your friends 17 nobody else can read them 18 being distracted by your notes. What's more, you won't want to lend them because a 19 copy is a kind of intellectual diary, and 20 it is almost like giving your mind away. If your friend hopes to read your "Shakespeare", or "The Federalist Papers", tell him, gently but firmly, to buy a copy. You will lend him your car or your coat-but your books are as much a part of you as your head or your heart.
1.
It
2.
reasons
3.
reading
4.
no
5.
speed
6.
read
7.
slowly
8.
in
9.
different
10.
case
11.
but
12.
make
13.
better
14.
as
15.
does
16.
mark
17.
because
18.
without
19.
marked
20.
lending
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Part A Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a financial-aid officer at a California University, knows all too well the daunting thing of paying for a college education. Last year the average yearly tuition at a private, four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than $17,000. The Harts have started saving, and figure they can afford a public university without a problem. But what if Katie applies to Princeton (she's threatening), where one year's tuition, room and board—almost $34, 000 in 2007—will cost more than some luxury cars? Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it's a little scary, especially since she'll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time. Paying for college has always been a hard endeavor. The good news: last year students collected $ 74 billion in financial aid, the most ever. Most families pay less than full freight. Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form of financial aid—mostly, these days, in the form of loans. But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families, because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid. Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they're throwing more aid at smarter kids—whether they need it or not. The best way to prepare is to start saving early. A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families. So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified education expenses" like tuition, room and board. The plans aren't for everyone. For tax reasons, some lower and middle income families may be better off choosing other investments. But saving is vital. When's the best time to start? "Sometime," says Jack Joyce of the College Board, "between the maternity ward and middle school. " Aid packages usually come in some combination of grants, loans and jobs. These days 60 percent of all aid comes in the form of low-interest loans. All students are eligible for "unsubsidized" federal Stafford loans, which let them defer interest payments until after graduation. Students who can demonstrate need can also qualify for federal Perkins loans or "subsidized" Staffords, where the government pays the interest during school. Fortunately, this is a borrower' s market. "Interest rates are at their lowest level in the history of student loans," says Mark Kantrowitz, publisher of Finaid. Kantrowitz expects rates to fall even further when they're reviewed this summer. Traditional scholarships, academic or athletic, are still a part of many families' planning. Mack Reiter, a 17-year-old national wrestling champion, gets so many recruiting letters he throws most away. He'll almost certainly get a free ride. Without it, "we would really be in a bind," says his mother, Janet. For everyone else, it's worth the effort to pick through local and national scholarship offerings, which can be found on Web sites like college-board, com.
1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the Harts?
A.The difficulty of paying the tuition.
B.The far-sight of the parents.
C.The promising future of Katie.
D.The increasing tuition in the university.
A B C D
A
[解析] 原文对应信息是:“Even…Tally admits it's a little scary,especially since she'll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time.”意为“面临自己将要退休,同时孩子要上大学,这确实有点令人害怕。”我们可知Tally对支付自己女儿的学费有点害怕。B、C、D均不是作者想要表达的原因。所以本题应选A。
2. What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A.Some families are too poor to pay the full amount of the tuition.
B.The parents do not favor the form of loans.
C.Paying the tuition makes the parents feel humble.
D.Those who are in great need may not get what they need.
A B C D
D
[解析] 原文对应信息是:“Eager to boost their magazine rankings,which are based in part on the test scores Of entering freshmen.they're throwing more aid at smarter kids—whether they need it or not.”该句话说明“学校为了提高其杂志排名,就给那些比较聪明的孩子经济上给予较大的帮助,不管他们需不需要帮助”。由此可以看出,急需帮助的学生并不一定就能获得帮助。所以A、B、C均不符合题意。所以本题应选D。
3. The last paragraph suggests that ______.
A.many recruiting letters failed to provide Mack Reiter with scholarships
B.mack Reiter wanted to help his family go out of the trouble
C.traditional scholarships are a good solution to the tuition problems in some families
D.mack Reiter was very proud of his national wrestling championship
A B C D
C
[解析] 原文对应信息是:“Traditional scholarships,academic or athletic, are still a part of many families' planning.”意为“许多家庭还在依赖传统的奖学金,不管是学习上的还是体育上的。”所以本题应选C。
4. What does the author mean by "better off" ( Line 4, Paragraph 3)?
Text 2 Paul Straussmann, retired vice president of Xerox,, indicates in his book Information Pay-off that" almost half of the U. S. information workers are in executive, managerial, administrative and professional positions. " He further states that "managers and professionals spend more than half of their time in communicating with each other. " In other words ,people are a corporation's most expensive resource. For a typical office, over 90 percent of the operating budget is for salaries, benefits and over head. With this investment, is it any wonder that managers are focusing more and more attention on employee productivity? They realize that the paper jungle cannot be tamed simply by hiring more people. To receive a return on their investment, wise corporate executive officers are realizing what industrialists and agriculturists learned long ago--efficient tools are essential for increased productivity. A direct relationship exists between efficient flow of information and the quality and speed of the output of the end product. For those companies using technology, the per document cost of information processing is only a fraction of what it was a few years ago. The decreasing cost of computers and peripherals( equipment tied to the computer) will continue to make technology a cost-effective tool in the future. An example of this type of saving is illustrated in the case of the Western Division of General Telephone and Electronics Company(GTE). By making a one-time investment of $10 million to automate its facilities, management estimates an annual saving of $ 8.5 million for the company. This savings is gained mainly through the elimination of support people once needed for proposal projects. Through a telecommunications network that supports 150 computer terminals with good graphics capabilities, the engineers who conceptualize the projects are now direct participants. They use the graphics capacities of the computer rather than rely on drafters to prepare drawings, they enter their own text rather than employ typists, and they use the network to track project progress rather than conducting meetings.
1. In the first paragraph,the author quotes Straussmann's words in order to make clear
A.the importance of communicative capability in business
B.the need for people of higher positions in a company
C.the importance of assigning people to proper positions
D.the necessity for people in higher positions to know information science
A B C D
A
[解析] 由短文第一段最后一句“…managers and professionals spend more than half of their time in communicating with each other.”可知,作者引用Straussmann的话主要是为了表明交流能力的重要性。
2. Today's corporate executive officers resemble the industrialists and agriculturists in the past in their realization of______.
A.the essential roles of the workers in turning out more products
B.the importance of information to a company's development
C.the importance of technology leading to high employee productivity
D.the necessity of providing employees with a comfortable environment
A B C D
C
[解析] 由第二段最后一句“To receive a return on their investment,wise corporate executive officers are realizing what industrialists and agriculturists learned long ago—efficient tools are essential for increased productivity.”可知。
3. Which of the following might be the result from the use of efficient technology in corporations?
A.The quantity of products will be considerably increased.
B.The cost of computers will be decreased.
C.The per document cost of information processing will be reduced.
D.The newest information will be easier to obtain.
A B C D
C
[解析] 由第三段中的“For those companies using technology,the per document cost of information processing is only a fraction of what it was a few years ago.”可知。
4. The GTE's example shows that ______.
A.efficient technology is cost-effective
B.many meetings in a company are unnecessary
C.many positions like that of a typist can be done away with
D.it doesn't cost much to automate the facilities of a company
A B C D
A
[解析] 由第三段中所举的GTE的例子可知“efficient technology is cost-effective”。
5. According to this passage,what is the most expensive resource in a corporation?
A.Product.
B.Human resource.
C.Raw materials.
D.Clients of the corporation.
A B C D
B
[解析] 文中提到,在一家企业中,最昂贵的资源是人力资源。
Text 3 Banking is about money; and no other familiar commodity arouses such excesses of passion and dislike. Nor is here any other about which more nonsense is talked. The type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called economies, which is inexact rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all sciences are at the point where they try to predict people's behavior and its consequences. Indeed most social sciences and, for example, medicine could probably be described in the same way. However, it is common to hear assertions of the kind "if you were left alone on a desert island a few seed potatoes would be more useful to you than a million pounds" as though this proved something important about money except the undeniable fact that it would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves. Money in fact is a token or symbolic object, exchangeable on demand by its holders for goods and services. Its use for these purposes is universal except within a small number of primitive agricultural communities. Money and the price mechanism, i. e., the changes in prices expressed in money terms of different goods and services, are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand and supply for these things. Especially important are the relative changes in price of different goods and services compared with each other, To take random examples: the price of house building has over the past five years risen a good deal faster than that of domestic appliances like refrigerators, but slower than that of motor insurance or French Impressionist paintings. This fact has complex implications for students of the industry, trade unionism, town planning, insurance companies, fine-art auctions, and politics. Unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implications for hankers are quite different. In general, in modern industrialized societies, prices of services or goods produced in a context requiring a high service-content (e. g. a meal in a restaurant) are likely to rise in price more rapidly than goods capable of mass-production on a large scale. It is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers employed in service industries tends to rise and that of workers employed in manufacturing to fall. The discomfort this truth causes has been an important source of tension in western political life for many years and is likely to remain so for many more.
1. According to the passage, economies is ______.
A.similar to other social sciences because a lot of nonsense is talked about it
B.different from social sciences which try to forecast the way people behave
C.similar to other social sciences because it can foretell the tomorrow
D.different from sciences such as medicine
A B C D
C
细节题。文章第一段第三句的后一分句说明了经济学与其他科学的共同点:... only in the same way as all sciences are... try to predict people's behavior and its consequences,即它们都试图预测人们的行为和行为的后果,也就是说它们都能预测未来,选[C]。
2. In the writer's view, the assertion that money would be useless on a desert island ______.
A.illustrates one limitation to the importance of money
B.is only of importance to people stranded in such places
C.proves that there are many situations in which money is irrelevant
D.tells us that money is no longer significant in a certain situation
A B C D
D
细节题。文章第二段第一句引用一种说法,然后在后一分句中说明了这种说法的真正含意:... it would not be much use... to find ourselves,即钱在某种特定的情况下会没有任何用处,与[D]一致。本题由常识也可推知答案。
3. Modern societies control supply and demand ______.
A.by direct intervention in the pricing of goods and services
B.by means of money and the price mechanism
C.by keeping a watchful eye on relative price changes
D.by fixing prices in specific industries
A B C D
B
细节题。答案是第三段第一句:Money and the price mechanism... are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand and supply,即现代社会调节供需的方式是货币和价格机制。
4. The writer suggests that economics is concerned with ______.
A.explaining to bankers the price changes
B.understanding the effect of relative price changes
C.trying to understand why some prices rise fast
D.the same financial considerations as banking
A B C D
B
细节题。文章第三段最后一句指出:Unpacking these implications is what economics is about,其中的unpacking指的是“揭示”,而these implications指的则是前文中所说的相对价格变化所带来的可能影响,因此本题答案选[B]。
5. In developed economies, service industries ______.
A.tend to employ an increasing number of people
B.employ more people than manufacturing industries do
C.cause problems for the white-collar unions
D.try to reduce their employees to combat rising costs
It's 1997, and it's raining and you'll have to walk to work again. Any given subway train breaks down one morning out of five. The buses are gone, and on a day like today, bicycles slosh and slide. Luckily you have a job in demolition. It's slow and dirty work but steady. The fading structures of a decaying city are the great mineral mines and hardware shops of the nation. Break them down and reuse the parts. Coal is too difficult to dig up and transport to give us energy in the amounts we need, nuclear fission is judged to be too dangerous, the technical breakthrough toward nuclear fusion that we hoped for never took place, and solar batteries are too expensive to maintain on the earth's surface in sufficient quantity. 67. ______. There are many advantages, if you want to look for them. Our 1997 newspapers continually point them out. The air is cleaner and there seem to be fewer colds. Against predictions, the crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive (and too easy a target), policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king in the cities of 1997, and people walk everywhere far into the night. Even the parks are full, and there is mutual protection in crowds. If the weather isn't too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air-conditioning they get. And at least the street lights still burn. Indoors, electricity is scarce, and few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. 68. ______. There is some consolation in the city that it is worse in the suburbs. The suburbs were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. One way out for the suburbanites is to form associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Pushcarts creak from house to house along the suburban roads, and every bad snow-storm is a disaster. It isn't easy to hoard enough food to last till the roads are open. There is not much in the way of refrigeration except for the snowbanks, and then the dogs must be fought off. 69. ______. And then, of course, energy must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. We can huddle together when there is a lack of warmth, fan ourselves should there be no cooling breezes, sleep or make love at such times as there is a lack of light — but nothing will for long ameliorate a lack of food. The American population isn't going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of distribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export so that we can pay for some trickle of oil and for other resources. 70. ______. All tile statistics point to a rapidly declining rate of population increase, but that is coming about chiefly through a high infant mortality; the first and most helpless victims of starvation are babies, after their mothers have gone dry. A strong current of American opinion, as reflected in the newspapers (some of which still produce their eight pages of bad news), holds that it is just as well. It serves to reduce the population, doesn't it? Others point out that it's more than just starvation. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that proves to be not enough for the brain. It is estimated that there are now nearly 2 billion people in the world who are alive but who are permanently brain-damaged by undernutrition, and the number is growing year by year. It has already occurred to some that it would be "realistic" to wipe them out quietly and rid the earth of an encumbering menace. The American newspapers of 1997 do not report that this is actually being done anywhere, but some travelers bring back horror-tales. 71. ______. Energy continues to decline, and machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours and there is less leisure; but then, with electric lighting restricted, television for only three hours a night, movies three evenings a week, new books few and printed in small editions, what is there to do with leisure? Work, sleep and eating are the great trinity of 1997, and only the first two are guaranteed.
[A] At least the armies are gone — no one can afford to keep those expensive, energy-gobbling monstrosities. Some soldiers in uniform and with rifles are present in almost every still functioning nation.
[B] Where will it end? It must end in a return to the days before 1800, to the days before the fossil fuels powered a vast machine industry and technology. It must end in subsistence farming and in a world population reduced by starvation, disease and violence to less than a billion.
[C] The rest of the world, of course, is not as lucky as we are. Some cynics say that it is the knowledge of this that helps keep America from despair. They're starving out there, because earth's population has continued to go up. The population on earth is 5.5 billion, and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time.
[D] As for the winter — well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn; but sweaters are popular indoor wear and showers are not an everyday luxury. Lukewarm sponge baths will do, and if the air is not always very fragrant in the human vicinity, the automobile fumes are gone.
[E] What energy is left cannot be directed into personal comfort. The nation must survive until new energy sources are found, so it is the railroads and subways that are receiving major attention. The railroads must move the coal that is the immediate hope, and the subways can best move the people.
[F] Anyone older than ten can remember automobiles. They dwindled. At first the price of gasoline climbed — way up. Finally only the well-to-do drove, and that was too clear an indication that they were filthy rich, so any automobile that dared show itself on a city street was overturned and burned.
本题前面一段后面两句提到了美国的人口增长和食品问题,后面一段涉及的则是全世界人口的情况。选项[C]涉及的是世界其他地区,the rest of the world与前面的America形成对比和衔接,而该项最后一句中的5.5 billion、one in five等则与下一段第一句中的statistics(统计数据)形成衔接,选[C]。
Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C. Some choices may be required more than once. A =Section A B =Section B C =Section C
Lessening the effect of the epidemic upon sustainable development is one of the issues USAID will get down to in the future.
72.______
The multinational cooperation is the best way to stop HIV/AIDS from spreading among the mobile population.
73.______
The effective way to deal with HIV/AIDS transmission trom mother to child.
74.______
USAID is trying to work out ways to work out ways to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to child.
75.______
In the past eight years USAID has experimented with and improved various methods to slow the spread of HIV/AIDS.
76.______
USAID will strengthen women's ability to resist HIV/AIDS.
77.______
Women and children are those who are very easy to be infected HIV/AIDS.
78.______
USAID will put the prevention method into effect.
79.______
The epidemic has been spreading very fast over the past eight years.
80.______
The integration of prevention and cure is the most efficient way of preventing HIV/AIDS.
81.______
Section A Since the US Agency for International Development (USAID) began its first HIV/AIDS prevention efforts eight years ago, the epidemic has changed dramatically. HIV has spread to every region of the world. Millions of people infected with HIV during the first decade of the epidemic are developing opportunistic infections and other AIDS-related illnesses, and many are dying. Women and children are among those most vulnerable to HIV infection. As HIV prevalence and AIDS mortality soar, millions of children will lose their parents. HIV/AIDS is having a devastating impact on the health and well-being of families, communities and nations worldwide. The epidemic's effects on the structure of societies and the productivity of their members undermine efforts to promote sustainable development around the globe. USAID's approach to slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS relies on strategies tested and refined over the past eight years. At the same time, the Agency is moving forward to address new challenges posed by the evolving epidemic. One of the important lessons learned during the past decade is that an effective response to HIV/AIDS requires the full participation of people and communities affected by the virus. Although people living with HIV/AIDS are among the most successful advocates and communicators for prevention, too often their voices are not heard or heeded. Greater involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS is essential to creating the supportive political, legal and social environments needed to control the epidemic. Section B In December 1994 at the Paris AIDS Summit, representatives of 42 governments adopted resolution pledging greater support for networks of people living with HIV/AIDS. Before and during the summit, members of these networks worked with government and multilateral organizations, including USAID, to develop a plan for translating the words of the resolution into concrete action. The Agency is committed to ensuring that people living with HIV/AIDS are accepted in full partnership with governments, international organizations and the private sector in developing, implementing and evaluating HIV/AIDS policies and programs. People living with HIV/AIDS and community-based organizations have been at the forefront of efforts to draw attention to the connection between compassionate AIDS care and effective HIV prevention. In the absence of a vaccine or cure, USAID continues to emphasize HIV/AIDS prevention. But as the number of people suffering from AIDS-related illness begins to increase dramatically, the Agency is also exploring ways to reduce the social impact of AIDS and enhance prevention efforts by integrating prevention and care. The Agency will also continue to pioneer regional approaches to an epidemic that does not recognize national boundaries. Crossborder interventions throughout the world will target mobile populations, including migrant workers, tourists, traders, transport workers and people displaced by war and, social disruption. Results from USAID-supported research on preventing HIV/AIDS in women, from microbiocide development to behavioral research on communication between men and women, will play a key role in slowing the rapid spread of the epidemic in the future. The Agency will continue to support research designed to strengthen programs for women and will move quickly to incorporate promising prevention methods into field activities. USAID will also work to reduce women's vulnerability to HIV prevention by promoting multisectoral efforts to improve their economic and social status. Section C Recognizing the growing threat HIV/AIDS poses to child survival, the Agency will support efforts to identify and test methods of preventing transmission from mother to child, such as Vitamin A supplements and other promising interventions. In addition, USAID will expand efforts to reduce HIV/AIDS among women and children by integrating prevention interventions into its family planning and child survival programs. Effective use of integrated interventions is critical for HIV/AIDS prevention because the virus affects people who are most active in the development process. Decades of progress in health and development are jeopardized by the social and economic impact of the epidmic. Without careful planning, development activities, in trun, can promote the spread of HIV/AIDS by encouraging migration and the separation of workers from their families. Most integration efforts to date have been in health and family planning, but other development sectors have an important role to play in HIV/AIDS prevention. In the future, the Agency will pursue opportunities for reducing HIV transmission and mitigating the impact of the epidemic on sustainable development through its programs in education, agriculture, and human resource and micro-enterprise development. USAID's approach to HIV/AIDS has evolved along with the epidemic. To meet the challenges ahead, the Agency will continue to adapt its strategies and programs in order to benefit from lessons from the field and new opportunities for building effective partnerships. Given the epidemic's profound implications for health, economic growth and social stability, USAID's investment in HIV/AIDS prevention will save millions of lives and promote sustainable development throughout the world.
1.
C
2.
B
3.
A
4.
C
5.
A
6.
B
7.
A
8.
B
9.
A
10.
B
Section Ⅳ Writing
1. You have read an article in a magazine which is carrying on a discussion on "How to solve the problem of traffic jams in big cities in China: to develop mass transit systems or to develop private cars?" Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this is- sue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and include an example. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.
[参考范文] Mass Transit System Is a Better Choice The problem of traffic jams in big cities in China has always been a headache. As to how to solve this problem, people maintain different opinions. Some suggest that we give priority to the development of private ears, others argue that mass transit systems should be put in the first place. I am for the latter solution. Firstly, well-established mass transit systems are far more efficient and economical than private ears. Let's take bus for example. One ear holds at most five people but one bus can hold 40 to 50—eight to ten times as many as a ear. To move the same number of people from one place to another, we need much more vehicles if we use private ears. The more vehicles on the roads, the more chances for traffic jams to happen. Secondly, land is rare in cities and parking places for private ears occupy much more land than buses do. In order to provide enough parking lots for private ears, municipal governments have to cut the budget for roads. It is obvious that with less private ears we can certainly have more money and land to build better and wider roads to reduce traffic jams. Finally, many traffic jams are caused by traffic accidents. With more vehicles in big cities, the probability for accidents is higher and hence more traffic jams. Mass transit reduces private cars and hence there are less vehicles. The result is obvious: less traffic accidents, less traffic jams. Therefore, my conclusion is: to solve the problem of traffic jams in big cities in China, mass transit systems are a better choice.