1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[听力原文] UFOs There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. /The most popular one is that they may be visitors from other planets. /To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation, /because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft. /The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/from other planets who are studying life on earth. /It is even believed that several such aircrafts may have landed on earth/and the space visitors may be living among us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available. /Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily. /In many cases the observers might have made a mistake. /They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft. /Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground, /reflected on the clouds. /However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.
[听写提示] 本文的难点主要是表示推测的几个句子。第一段最后一句中several such aircrafts may have landed on earth和第二段第三、四、五句中的might have+V-ed可能会给听写造成困难,因为表示对过去的推测时have都轻读,[h]的读音省略,与前面的情态动词连读。如果不熟悉这一语音现象,错误很可能就会发生。补救的措施是进行快速的语法分析。
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
1. What's the relationship between the two speakers?
A.Friends.
B.A police officer and an investigator.
C.Two police officers.
D.A police officer and a program hostess.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]1-3 W: (1) Welcome to our program. M: Thank you. W: Sam, how long have you been a police officer? M: (3) I've been a police officer for thirty years. W: Thirty years. Sam, I think most people would say that being a police officer is a very stressful job. Would you agree? M: (2) Yes, it's definitely a stressful job. But it depends on your assignment. W: So, what's probably the most stressful assignment you can have? M: I'd say patrol is the most stressful assignment. W: What do you mean, Sam? M: Well, in patrol work, you don't know from moment to moment who you are talking to or what their reaction is going to be justifying your presence. Let's say, for example, a patrol officer stops someone for a traffic violation. It seems as though that would be a very low-stress situation. W: Yes, it is a very low-stress situation. M: But the truth is, there are more police officers injured during a routine stop. W: Really? M: Really! That's why all police officers are taught from the very beginning to be aware of their surroundings. So that's probably the most stressful time. W: I see. Let's take a break and then we'll move on to our next topic. M: All right.
2. 3. What does Sam mainly talk about?
[A] His job as a police officer.
[B] His personal life.
[C] How stressful patrol work is.
[D] How police officers are taught to deal with stress.
4. 5. Which of the following is NOT the reason that the man wants to go on a diet?
A. He is too heavy.
B. He doesn't feel good.
C. His doctor gave him that suggestion.
D. He is not healthy.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]8-10 W: What do you plan to order? M: I think I just have a salad and a cup of tea. W: Is that all? M: Yes, I'm on a diet. My doctor told me that I should lose some weight because I'm too heavy—and that's not healthy. W: How do you feel? M: (8) I feel fine. In fact, I've never felt better. Furthermore, some of my old clothes would fit me if I lost about 40 pounds. W: How long will that take you? M: Well, I've just started my diet, so it may take me six months to get down to my proper weight. W: Do you plan to eat nothing but salads for 6 months? M: No, (9) I'll be able to eat fruit and certain meats and dairy products. But, most important, I should not eat anything containing sugar. W: (10) Then you probably, won't want to try the delicious pastries they serve here; I know the head cook is an excellent pastry chef. M: Now that you mention it, I may have two or three of these delicious hot rolls. I usually have five or six.
5. According to the man, what kind of diet should he follow?
7. 8. What's the possible relationship between the two speakers?
[A] Legal consultant and client.
[B] Saleswoman and customer.
[C] Purchasing manager and clerk.
[D] Administrative officer and customer.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]8-10 W: Sound and Vision, Administrative Department, Eve Wheeler speaking. Can I help you? M: Good afternoon, madam. This is John Cruise. I wish to register a complaint about my video recorder. W: I see. I hope I can be of some help. Can you explain what the problem is, please? M: Well, the recorder has severely damaged two quite valuable tapes of mine. And you guaranteed that this machine is the best there is. I hope you understand that a simple repair is just not enough; I demand compensation for the lost tapes as well. W: I'm sorry; that's all very unfortunate. I'm sure something can be done. I will put you through to our legal consult-ant, Mrs. Schroder. One moment, please. (dialing sound... ) Hello, Mr. Cruise? Thank you for waiting. I'm aw-fully sorry, but Mrs. Schroder is having a meeting right now. Could she call you back later this afternoon? M: I hope you're not trying to get rid of me. W: Not at all, sir. I have noted your complaint and I will urge Mrs. Schroder to call you back as soon as possible. Could I have your phone number, please? M: Yes. It's 0181 945 8719. W: Thank you very much. Goodbye. M: Bye.
8. What is wrong with the video recorder?
A.It was slightly damaged.
B.It destroys video tapes.
C.Its compartment is broken.
D.It produces unclear visions.
A B C D
B
9. What does Mr. Cruise require of the woman?
A.An exchange of the video recorder for a new one.
B.A refund of the video recorder and two tapes.
C.A repair of the video recorder and compensation for his tapes.
D.An immediate apology for the service.
A B C D
C
SECTION B PASSAGES In this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Now, listen to the passage.
1. 11. What is the nationality of the researchers?
[A] French.
[B] Spanish.
[C] German.
[D] Russian.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]11-14 Happiness is associated with smiling. But do we always smile when we are happy? During the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, (11)Spanish researchers analyzed the facial expressions of 22 gold medal winners at the medal ceremonies. The researchers were surprised to see that these medal winners didn't smile very much. (12) In fact, throughout the different medal ceremonies, they only smiled about 10% of the time. (13) But during the brief moment when the gold medal was actually put around their neck, the medal winners grinned about 70% of the time. The researchers interviewed the athletes they had watched to find out how they felt. (14) All the winners interviewed said that they felt intensely happy throughout the ceremony. Despite the fact that they were profoundly happy, they didn't smile a great deal. The researchers concluded that smiling is not the automatic expression of happiness. The fact that the gold medal winners smiled much more when they were actually being given their medals can be explained because, according to the Spanish researchers, smiling is a form of communication between individuals. The happy athletes were smiling at the people who were giving them their gold medals.
2. How much of the time did the gold medal winners smile during the medal ceremonies?
A.10%.
B.20%.
C.70%.
D.30%.
A B C D
A
3. When did the athletes smile quite a lot?
A.When the chairman announced the name of the gold medal winners.
B.When the gold medal winners got the news that they had been the winners.
C.When they actually came to the awarding ceremony.
D.When the gold medal was actually put around the neck of the winners.
A B C D
D
4. How did the gold medal winners feel during the ceremony?
5. Why was the speed limit first reduced to 55 miles-per-hour?
A.The older people wanted it.
B.The voters decided on it.
C.It was decided that speeds above that were not safe.
D.The US had a fuel crisis.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]17-20 According to recent surveys, a large number of Americans favor increasing the present 55-mile-an-hour speed limit, The current speed limit was set in the early 1970' s when the US faced its first crucial oil shortage. Sixty-five percent of the persons surveyed said that the law was out of date. The debate is particularly important for those who live in the western states. Many of the large cities in the western part of the country are separated by thirty or forty hours of long, empty, straight roads. People from this area argue that the examples of countries like Australia and Germany should demonstrate that higher speeds are still safe and that speed is disproportionately blamed for traffic problems. Most professional truck drivers favor a higher speed limit. They argue that they can get their goods to the marketplace faster if the speed limit is higher, and that is good for the economy. Since the successful implementation of the turbo-charged engine in modern trucks, it is quite possible for trucks to reach speeds twice the legal limit which they are currently allowed to travel. In the end, economic issues may help make the final decision.
[点拨] 原文中有"The current speed limit was set in the early 1970's when the US faced its first crucial oil shortage"一句。
6. l8. Who is most likely to want a higher speed limit?
A.Drivers with turbo-charged vehicles.
B.Professional truck drivers.
C.Older people.
D.People from the Southern US.
A B C D
B
[点拨] 原文中有"Most professional truck drivers favor a higher speed limit"一句。
7. According to the survey, how many people felt the law was out of date?
A.More than half the people felt the law was out of date.
B.Less than half the people thought the law was out of date.
C.The average amount of people felt the law was out of date.
D.Some of the people felt the law was out of date.
A B C D
A
[点拨] 原文有"Sixty-five percent of the persons surveyed said that the law. was out of date."一句。
8. What evidence do people from the west give to show that a higher speed limit is safe?
A.The long roads between the cities.
B.The modern turbo-charged engine.
C.The economic advantage.
D.The current policies of Germany and Australia.
A B C D
D
[点拨] 原文有"People from this area argue that the examples of countries like Australia and Germany should demonstrate that higher speeds are still safe and that speed is disproportionately blamed for traffic problems" 一句。`
9. Which of the following titles is the best one for the passage?
A.Digging for gold.
B.Famers and his three sons.
C.Finding hidden gold.
D.Making wealth through adventure.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] 14-17 There was once a farmer who had a fine olive orchard. He was very hardworking, and the farm always prospered under his care. But he knew that his three sons despised the farm work, and were eager to make wealth, through adventure. When the farmer was old, and felt that his time had come to die, he told the three sons that there was a pot of gold hidden in the olive orchard. And he didn't tell them the exact place where the gold was hidden. After the farmer was dead, the sons went to work to find the pot of gold; They dug until they had turned up the soil from one end of the orchard to the other, But no pot of gold was to be found. The next olive season, the olive trees in the orchard bore more fruit than they had ever given; when it was sold, it gave the sons a whole pot of gold. And when they saw how much money had come from the orchard, they suddenly understood what the wise father had meant when he said, "There is gold hidden in the orchard. Dig for it, if you want it. "
10. The farmer let his sons dig the olive orchard in order to ______.
A.find a pot of gold
B.turn up the soil in the orchard
C.get the gold through their hard work
D.plant olive trees
A B C D
C
11. The farmer's three sons are ______.
A.hard-working
B.lazy bones
C.stupid
D.disappointing
A B C D
B
12. What does their father mean by "There is gold hidden in the orchard. Dig for it, if you wish it"?
A.The farmer buried a pot of gold in the orchard.
B.Three sons can dig gold if they need.
C.Three sons can find gold if they wish.
D.If three sons work hard in the orchard, it will bring a pot of gold in the harvest time.
A B C D
D
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Now, listen to the news.
1. The following countries are the rising stars in the aerospace industry EXCEPT
A.Russia.
B.India.
C.France.
D.China.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] 24-25 Critics say the United States is losing its competitive edge in the aerospace industry [24]to rising stars like China, India, and Russia. [25]The first National University Rocket Launch Competition is part of an effort to stay ahead of the game in the space race, by encouraging talented students to go into the engineering field to replace the aging work force. On a barren swath of Utah desert with the snow-covered La Salle Mountains visible in the distance, two rockets are being prepared for blast off into the atmosphere. The rival rockets were designed and built by college students from Utah State University and the University of Alabama. [解析] 新闻提到,和航空航天业新星中国、印度、俄罗斯相比,美国正失去其在航空航天业的竞争优势。故答案为C。 [点睛] 事实细节题。在预读题目时可利用航空航天常识来事先进行排除。
2. What does the news item mainly report about U.S.?
A.A competition is held to draw talented students to aerospace career.
B.It has the leading position in the space field.
C.A global rocket launch program is held by engineering students.
D.It is losing its competitive edge in the aerospace industry.
[听力原文] Britain is urging Iran not to take any steps that could jeopardize talks over Teheran's nuclear program. (28) The British foreign office said today it would be very difficult to continue the talks if Iran carries out its threat to restart work at its controversial facility. Earlier Iran said work of the plan would resume unless the European Union meets some Monday deadline for submitting a formal offer in the talks.
A.The U.S. Congress has ratified the agreement to normalize U. S. trade with Vietnam.
B.The agreement was negotiated in the last year.
C.President Bush wanted to normalize overall ties between U. S. and Vietnam.
D.The agreement has strong support among Vietnam War veterans.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] 21-22 President Bush has asked Congress to ratify an agreement to normalize U.S. trade with Vietnam. The president sent the agreement negotiated in the last year of the Clinton administration to Congress Friday. In his message to Congress, Mr. Bush said ratification will continue the historic process of normalizing overall ties between the former enemies. Mr. Bush noted that the agreement would increase opportunities for U. S. business by requiring Vietnam to remove a wide range of trade barriers. The agreement would 'also put Vietnamese exports oh the same tariff basis as the majority of U. S. trading partners. The president said the agreement has strong support in Congress and among Vietnam War veterans.
5. 27. What does the agreement require Vietnam to do?
A. To release war captures.
B. To cut down tariffs.
C. To export less.
D. To remove trade barriers.
A B C D
D
[试题分析] 本题是语义辨析题。 [详细解答] 布什提出该协议将会“increase opportunities for U. S. business by requiring Vietnam to remove a wide range of trade barriers”因此与美国增加商业机会的交换条件是要越南大范围地移除贸易壁垒,而不是其它要求。
6. According to U.S. Defense Secretary, President Obama ______.
A.will dispatch more troops to Afghanistan recently
B.won' t send as many troops as the U.S. commander in Afghanistan demands
C.will decide whether or not to send more troops according to the strategic review
D.will decide whether more troops should be dispatched before the strategic review comes out
A B C D
D
[听力原文] 21-22 U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates says President Obama will make a decision on additional U.S. troop deployments to Afghanistan in the "next few days", before a strategy review is completed. But the secretary says the orders may not involve all the troops the U. S. commander in Afghanistan wants, at least not immediately. Secretary Gates told a news conference, "The President has several options in front of him, and if he wants to send one more combat brigade to Afghanistan he will have to make the decision soon, before the conclusion of the strategic review, which could take two more months. " 推断题。录音中提到奥巴马要在未来几天内,趁战略审议尚未完成,决定要不要往阿富汗增派部队。因此D为正确选项。A、B都是可能发生的事情,国防部长尚不能确定。C表述错误,奥巴马的决定不依赖于策略检讨。
7. What may not happen according to the news item?
A.President Obama won' t send additional troops to Afghanistan.
B.President Obama will dispatch a combat brigade to Afghanistan.
C.It will take Obama several months to make a decision on troop deployments.
D.Obama will make other decisions instead of sending troops to Afghanistan.
[听力原文] 26-27 U. N. Security Council envoys pushing for an end to the Democratic Republic of Congo's almost three-year-old war are praising Congolese President Joseph Kabila for taking steps to resolve the conflict. Delegation chief Jean-David Levitte of France spoke to reporters after talks with the president Friday in Kinshasa. He said Mr. Kabila impressed the 12-member U. N. team with his statements and his answers to their questions. Ambassador Levitte also said Mr. Kabila's decision Thursdayto end a ban on political parties will help set up a national dialogue between Congolese political forces as called for in the Lusaka peace accords. Mr. Kabila became head of state in January, following the assassination of his father, then-President Laurent Kabila. Following the Kinshasa talks, the U. N. delegation left for Luanda for talks with Angolan President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos, who has given military backing to the Congolese government. Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi back the Congolese rebels while Namibia and Zimbabwe have joined Angola in supporting the Kinshasa government. On Thursday, the U. N. delegation was in South Africa for talks on the wars in Congo and Burundi.
10. 32. How many votes did Mr. Peres win in the parliament?
A. 120.
B. 86.
C. 15
D. 83
A B C D
B
[听力原文] 25-26 Shimon Peres, an 83-year-old Nobel Peace Prize winner, will be sworn in on July 15 for a seven-year term as Israel' s president, a largely ceremonial post that has come under a cloud of scandal in recent years. Mr. Peres, won 86 out of 120 parliamentary votes in the 2nd round of a secret ballot, after his own opponents withdrew when it became clear that he was the sentimental favorite for the position. Mr. Peres lost the last race for president in 2000, when in a stunning political surprise a prominent rabbi swung votes to a virtually unknown politician from the right- wing Likud Party, Moshe Katsav. Earlier this year, Israel' s attorney general said he planned to indict Mr. Katsav on charges of rape and abuse of power, based on sworn testimony from several women who worked in the president' s office. Mr. Katsav, who says he is innocent, has yet to be formally charged, but he stepped down from the presidency several months ago to fight the charges. 数字细节判断题。新闻提到:佩雷斯先生在会议的第二轮无记名投票中以120选票中的86票赢得选举。
11. Israel's attorney general planned to indict Mr. Katsav on charges of
A.bribery
B.cheating the voters
C.rape and abuse of power
D.racial discrimination
A B C D
C
细节判断题。新闻提到:今年年初,以色列检察长声称他打算以强奸和滥用权力的罪名起诉卡察夫先生。
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. All Americans are at least vaguely 1 with the plight of the American Indian. Cutbacks in federal programs for Indians have made their problems 2 more severe in recent years. Josephy reports, " 3 1981 it was estimated that cutbacks in federal programs for Indians totaled about $ 500 million" or more than ten times the cuts affecting their 4 fellow Americans. Additional cuts seem to be threatened in the future. This reduced funding is affecting almost all 5 of reservation life, 6 education. If the Indians could 7 their 8 problems, solutions to many of their other problems might not be far behind. In this paper the current status of Indian education will be described and 9 and some ways of improving this education will be proposed. Whether to 10 with the dominant American culture or to 11 Indian culture has been a longstanding issue in Indian education. After the Civil War full responsibility for Indian education was turned, over by the government to churches and missionary groups. The next fifty years became a period of 12 assimilation in all areas of Indian culture, but especially in religion and education. John Collier, a reformer who agitated 13 Indians and their culture 14 the early 1920s until his death in 1968, had a different idea. He believed that instead of effacing native culture, Indian schools should encourage and 15 it. Pressure to assimilate remains a potent force today, 16 . More and more Indians are graduating from high school and college and becoming 17 for jobs in the non-Indian society. " When Indians obtain the requisite skills, many of them enter the broader American society and succeed. " 18 approximately 90 percent of 'all Indian children are educated in state public school systems. How well these children compete with the members of the dominant society, 19 , is another 20 .
1. 34.
A. agreeable
B. regardless
C. familiar
D. sympathetic
A B C D
C
[试题分析] 此题考查形容词词义及与介词的搭配。 [详细解答] be familiar with(对……熟悉,了解)是固定搭配,符合本题题意。agreeable(宜人的,准备同意的)一般和介词to搭配;regardless(无论,不管)通常和介词of搭配;sympathetic有同情心的。因此C为正确选项。
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. A _______ of sympathy swept through Japan yesterday as people heard the shocking news of Obuchi's decent into a coma.
A.wave
B.tide
C.rush
D.shower
A B C D
A
[妙翻巧译] 昨天当人们听到小渊惠三陷入昏迷状态的惊人消息时,一阵同情席卷了日本。 [解析] wave表示情绪等的突发、高涨,例:a wave of anger (disgust,panic,sympathy) (一阵愤怒/厌恶/恐慌/同情)。
2. The customer expressed her ______ for that broad hat.
A.disapproval
B.distaste
C.dissatisfaction
D.dismay
A B C D
B
[解析] 固定搭配题。distaste for sth.表示“厌恶、讨厌某物”;disapproval一般与of连用,表示“不赞成”;dissatisfaction常与with或at连用,表示“不满意”;dismay表示“沮丧”。
3. Just as robbery is a kind of crime, gambling______.
A.as it is
B.so is
C.the same as
D.and so is
A B C D
B
固定搭酉己题。just as…,so…为固定结构,意为“正如……,……也……”。
4. ______ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.
A.It being
B.It is
C.There is
D.There being
A B C D
C
[解析] 考查there be句型。that引导的句子作evidence的同位语,因此需要选择主谓结构。又如:There was some evidence that the documents had been tampered with.(有某些证据说明文件已被篡改。)A和D都不是主谓结构,可先排除。误选B的同学可能认为it作that从句的形式主语,但是让作形式主语时,表语一般用形容词,而不是名词evidence。
5. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of ______ reality.
7. Michelle found it difficult to get his British jokes ______ to Australian audiences.
A.across
B.deal
C.over
D.down
A B C D
A
[试题分析] 此题考查动词短语的含义。 [详细解答] get sth. across to sb. 是固定搭配,意为“使某事被某人了解”,符合本题题意。get over则作“痊愈,恢复,淡忘”讲;get down意为“记录,记下”;get deal没有这个搭配,因此A为正确选项。
8. The court further ordered that ______ no soliciting of any information relating to her from herself, from staff, pupils or residents at any institution, or from any carer or relative.
13. John was young, ______, he was equal to this important task.
A.therefore
B.moreover
C.nevertheless
D.hence
A B C D
C
[精解] 题型:语法题。前后意思存在转折。nevertheless意为“然而,不过,仍然”,等同于nonetheless,可作副词和连词。e.g. He's stupid,but I like him nevertheless. 他是很笨,然而我喜欢他。thereby:因此;从而;由此e.g. He became a citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了公民,因此有投票权。moreover:而且:此外。hence:因此,所以:从此后,从今后。
14. In the sentence "I consider the book expensive", the italicized word is______.
16. Could you tell me ______ in the Russian alphabet?
A.how many letters are
B.how many letters are there
C.how many there are letters
D.how many letters there are
A B C D
D
[精解] 题型:语法题。根据句子结构,我们可以看出此处是宾语从句,而宾语从句中主谓不颠倒,如:I don't know where he has gone.我不知道他到哪里去了。所以只有D是正确答案。
17. He did nothing but ______ letters home all this afternoon.
A.to write
B.writing
C.write
D.wrote
A B C D
C
[答案详解] 本题考查非谓语。do nothing but后加动词原形,to省略。
18. I ought to ______them about the notice, but I forgot to do so.
A.remember telling
B.remember having told
C.have remembered to tell
D.have remembered telling
A B C D
C
我本该告诉他们这个通知的,但是我忘记了。 虚拟语气题。根据题干中的but I forgo to do so可知,我没有记住去做这件事,此处应该是对过去事实的一种虚拟假设,ought to have done“应该去做,但实际上并没有做”符合此处句意。remember to do sth.意为“记住去做某事(还没做)”,remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事(已做)”。显然[C]符合句意。
19. The lecturer made such a boring speech. But I wasn't bothered by the dullness ______ by his carelessness.
A.more than
B.so much as
C.than
D.as
A B C D
B
关联词辨析题。not so much as意思是“与其…不如…”,属于固定用法。
20. We are to ______ our house according to our financial capability.
22. With its own parliament and currency and a common ______ for peace, the European Union declared itself —in 11 official languages--open for business.
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
TEXT A To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid of 1860's to the mid of 1800's, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college's poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty. The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty -- five, son of a former treasure of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot's administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872~1873 and 1876~1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up: science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law.
1. Which of the following is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A.To present the history of Harvard College and compare it with that of Yale University.
B.To criticize the conditions of the U.S. universities in the 19th century.
C.To describe innovations in the U.S. higher education in the latter 1800's.
D.To introduce what was happening in major U. S. universities before the turn of the century.
[精解] 细节理解题。从哈佛大学改革的五项主要内容来看,改革前课程开设的数量及类别都有限,因此,改革要求:扩充课程设置(enlargement of the curriculum),建立选修制(elective system),增设职业培训(professional training)等。参考第二段第三句,另见第二段最后一句。A项意为:“资金短缺”.原文第一段第五句中所说的“贫穷”(poverty)并非指没有钱,而是指生源,课程等方面的贫乏,因此,需要开辟新的领域(new enterprise)。C项不对。文章第二段第五句是说纪律问题处理不得法,不利于学生自尊心或自信心的培养。并非是说过去对学生要求不严。
4. From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Harvard College before progressive changes occurred?
TEXT B Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a discreet corner via an "aroma box", a machine which blows warm, scented air into the environment. It can scent the area of an average high street shop with the smell of the chocolate, freshly-cut grass, or sea breezes, in fact any synthetic odors that can be made to smell like the real thing. Heathrow's move into "sensory" marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology--the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this "atmosphere"--using sounds or smells to manipulate consumer behavior. On Valentine's Day two years ago the chain of chemist's Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. The smell of chocolate is supposed to have the effect of reducing concentration and making customers relax. "Chocolate is associated with love", said a marketing spokeswoman, "We thought it would get people in the mood for romance." She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money. However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was identical. On the other hand, a coconut-scented suntan lotion was rated more effective than a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention, to visit the store again in the future. Music too bas long been used in supermarkets for marketing purposes. Supermarkets are aware, for example, that slow music causes customers to stay longer in the shop (and hopefully buy more things). At Leicester University psychologists have found that a specific kind of music can influence consumer behavior. In a supermarket French wine sold at the rate of 76% compared to 20% German wine when French accordion music was played. The same thing happened in reverse when German bierkeller music was played. In one American study people even bought more expensive wines when classical music was played instead of country music. Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotion, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to evoke emotion-filled memories. Research suggests however that this is a myth and that a photograph or a voice is just as likely to evoke a memory as a smell. Perhaps the reason for this myth is because smells, as opposed to sights and sounds, are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.
1. What is the use of "aroma box" at Heathrow airport?
A.It can send a lot of synthetic fragrance into the environment.
B.It is an air conditioner blowing with warm air.
C.It often pumps the smell of freshly-cut grass from a high-street shop.
D.It is a box which sends out not only aroma but also music.
A B C D
A
事实细节题。由第一段可知,aroma box(香气盒)是a machine which blows warm,scented air into the environment,即“向周围散发温暖芳香气味的机器”,本题问的正是aroma box在Heathrow机场的用途,因此选项[A]是正确的,其他三个选项都不符合原文。
2. Who might benefit most from "atmospherics" in "sensory" marketing?
A.Psychologists.
B.Customers.
C.Shop owners.
D.The research groups.
A B C D
C
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“…to help sell products”,第二句中的“…using sounds or smells to manipulate consumer behavior”等语句可知,sensory marketing的目的是促销商品,因此商店经营者获益最大。
3. Research into customer satisfaction with scented products showed that ______ .
A.the right smell made people think a product was better
B.people preferred the smell of lemon to coconut
C.certain smells could make people dislike a shop
D.customers rated the goods on sale as more inviting
A B C D
A
事实细节题。第三段第一句提到关于消费者对商品气味满意度的调查显示香味具有商业作用,但香味必须与商品匹配。第二句、第三句用柠檬味与椰子味的商品做比较,证实第一句的“it must be an appropriate smell”。由此可知[A]是正确的,[B]是对原文的曲解。选项[C]和[D]两项文中未提及。
TEXT C At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the Untied states by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense—a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms to deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment. Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and America's "gun culture" are responsible for America's high rate of murder. In Belleville's opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among Whites, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assumed gun and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesile's low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and has thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong. Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the public debate over gun ownership?
A.It has little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice network.
B.Neither supporters nor opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars.
C.The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it.
D.Many social science historians have so far failed to take part in it.
A B C D
C
事实细节题。文章第一段第三句只是说我们的影响力微乎其微,所以召开这次会议邀请社会历史科学家加盟,并未说这次会议的影响,所以排除[A];根据第一段第四句话:这些社会历史学者的观点is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control,说明无论支持者还是反对者都买他们的账,可排除选项[B];选项[D]文章没有提到;根据文章第一段第四句话It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians可知主流社会学家对枪支管制的影响很大,正确答案为[C]。
2. The author mentions Keleck, Lott, and Bellesiles mainly to ______.
A.illustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun control
B.refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimes
C.support the thesis that gun ownership leads to more violence
D.show the necessity of method improvement in the study of gun ownership history
3. The author's main criticism of John Lott is that he ______.
A.advocates private ownership of firearms
B.is not objective in his analysis
C.has analyzed a wrong period
D.has cited dubious statistics
A B C D
B
事实细节题。作者批评Lott并不是因为他主张呼吁个人拥有枪支(排除[A]),而是批评他的数据采集的任意性。根据第一段最后两句话:“He biases his results by confining his analysis to...”,“He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention...”,可知他仅仅选取能证明自己观点的资料,而舍弃了相反的资料,分析不客观。而选择哪个时期的资料无可厚非,选项[C]排除;他的资料并不模糊,只是很主观、很随意而已,所以排除选项[D];故正确答案为[B]。
4. With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree?
A.Gun control should be tightened.
B.Guns have little to do with murder.
C.Gun culture was the result of high homicide rates in America.
D.The statistics that earlier historians produced of gun ownership is reliable.
5. The term "abate" in Line 9, Para. 2 possibly means ______.
A.vanish
B.terminate
C.fall
D.flourish
A B C D
C
词汇语义题。上文提到,墨西哥战争和内战之后美国人拥有枪支的现象很普遍,获得尊重和保护财产的文化需求也刺激和激励了这种需求,所以枪杀案前所未有地增加,并且实际上一直并未下降过:“an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides”;并且根据后面一句“To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate”,可以推断应该是下降和减少的意思,故选[C]。选项 [D]正好相反;而选项[A]和[B]与现实不符,予以排除,因为无论到什么时候枪杀案都不会根除和终结。
TEXT D No big developed country has come out of the global recession looking stronger than Germany has. The economy minister, Rainer Bruderle, boasts of an "XL upswing". Exports are booming and unemployment is expected to fall to levels last seen in the early 1990s. The government is a stable, though sometimes fractious, coalition of three mainstream parties. The shrillest protest is aimed at a huge new railway project in Stuttgart. Amid the truculence and turmoil around it, Germany appears an oasis of tranquillity. To many of its friends and neighbours, though, the paragon is a disappointment. Its sharp-elbowed behaviour during the near-collapse of the euro earlier this year heightened concerns about Germany's role in the world that have been stirring ever since unification 20 years ago. A recent essay published by Bruegel, a Brussels think-tank, explains "why Germany fell out of love with Europe". Another, from the European Council on Foreign Relations, alleges that Germany is "going global alone". Jurgen Habermas, Germany's most distinguished living philosopher, accuses his country of pursuing an "inward-looking national policy". "How can you not ask Germany questions about its vision of the future of Europe?" wonders Jacques Delors, who was president of the European Commission when the Berlin Wall fell. Even a pacific and prosperous Germany causes international angst. The German question never dies. Instead, like a flu virus, it mutates. Even today's mild strain causes aches and pains, which afflict different regions in different ways. America's symptoms are mild. Central Europe seems to have acquired immunity. After unification 85% of Poles looked upon Germany as a threat, recalls Eugeniusz Smolar of the Centre for International Relations in Warsaw. Now just a fifth do. It is among Germany's long-standing west and south European partners that the German question feels debilitating, and where a dangerous flare-up still seems a possibility. Germany's answer to the question matters not only to them. It will shape Europe, and therefore the world. Germans have not forgotten that their country was the author of the horrors of the 1930s and 1940s, but, says Renate Kocher of Allensbach, a polling firm, they want to "draw a line under the past". That does not mean ignoring its lessons or neglecting to teach them to the next generation. A new exhibition on "Hitler and the Germans" at the German Historical Museum in Berlin is drawing blockbuster crowds. But Germans are no longer so ready to be put on the moral defensive or to view the Nazi era as the defining episode of their past. Even non-Germans seem willing to move on. Recent books like "Germania" and "The German Genius" suggest that English-language publishing may be entering a post-swastika phase. Germany still atones but now also preaches, usually on the evils of debt, the importance of nurturing industry and the superiority of long-term thinking in enterprise. Others are disposed to listen. "Everyone orients himself towards Germany," says John Kornblum, a former American ambassador.
1. The "XL upswing" of Germany out of the global recession is due to all the following EXCEPT ______.
A.a booming export
B.a falling unemployment rate
C.a stable government
D.a protest against a huge new railway project
A B C D
D
细节题。由第一段中的“Exports are booming and unemployment is expected to fall to levels last seen in the early 1990s. The government is a stable, though sometimes fractious, coalition of three mainstream parties.”可推出A、B、C三项正确。The protest against a huge new railway project.是德国需要解决的问题,不是全面复苏的表现,故选D。
2. We can infer from "To many of its friends and neighbours, though, the paragon is a disappointment" (in Paragraph 2) that ______.
A.Germany is going through ups and downs after the global recession
B.Germany has passed its peak
C.chances are it's heading towards "an outward-looking Germany"
D.its strength is posing a new threat to other countries
3. The "question" in "Germany's answer to the question matters not only to them. It will shape Europe, and therefore the world" (the third paragraph) refers to ______.
A.how to draw a lesson from the past of Germany
B.what role should Germany play in the world
C.what should be done to confront the global recession
D.how to avoid the truculence and turmoil beyond Europe
4. According to Paragraph 4, to "draw a line under the past" is to ______.
A.teach its lessons to the next generation
B.defend themselves morally
C.embrace a new era of peace and prosperity
D.remember to atone and preach
A B C D
C
细节题。第四段中的“draw a line under the past”意为德国希望“和过去划清界线”,但这并不意味着忘记教训或者忽视把这些教训传授给下一代。而后又提到德国人再也不准备在道德上为自己辩护或者把纳粹时代视为对他们的过去起决定作用的时期。其他国家的人似乎也更愿意向前看,由此可见德国希望开始新的后纳粹阶段(a post-swastika phase),更多得关注德国当下与未来的发展,所以C项正确。
5. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?
SECTION A COMPOSITION When people form opinions about someone or something, what affects them most is not substance but style. Is style more important than substance? Write a composition on this issue.
1. Is Telling the Truth Always Better Than Telling lies? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what 'you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result-in a loss of marks.
[参考范文] Is Telling the Truth Always Better Than Telling Lies? We are all taught to be honest since childhood. We were made aware that lying was morally wrong and that good people always told the truth. Of course, as a general rule, we should be honest and sincere with others in order to gain the trust from them. However, it is practically unwise to be honest all the time. In some special situations, we had better not tell the truth. Telling lies is often a way of appropriate communication with others. For example, when we meet someone for the first time, we say, "Nice to meet you!" Perhaps actually we are not pleased to meet them. But this kind of expression is indispensable to creating a friendly atmosphere. If we really speak out the true feeling to any one we dislike, I'm afraid that we would not have friends any more. So long as we don't hurt others, telling lies is an acceptable practice. That is why "white lie", telling a lie for good intention, exists in language. On the other hand, when we are dealing with dishonest people, to be dishonest with them does not hurt our credibility. In other words, telling the truth is not always better than telling lies. To sum up all the reasons mentioned above, it is not always reasonable to tell the truth. We should be flexible to the circumstances we live.
[审题] 这篇作文的中心意思是“说实话并不总是比说谎好”。虽然题目是疑问句,但很显然是引导考生就“Telling the truth is not always better than telling lies"进行论述。毕竟任何一个真理如果走向极端都是不正确的,诚实也是如此。文章可以首先肯定做人要诚实是正确的,同时指出“诚实并不是在任何时候都是明智的”。紧接着摆事实、讲道理,提出说谎是一种常见的社交行为,能够营造友好的氛围;而对不诚实的人说谎并不损害个人信誉,最后扣紧标题,总结出“说实话并不总是比说谎好”。如此,文章就紧凑严密,极富说服力。
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
1. 105. Tom has had an accident and is now in hospital. Write to express your concern and good wish. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
Dear Tom, I just can't tell you how sorry I was to learn of your accident. Your family tells me that you are progressing nicely, and that you'll be out of the hospital in about ten days. I'm certainly relieved to know that! In the next day or so you'll receive a little package from Margaret and me. I hope you like it, and that it will help to pass the time more pleasantly. With every good wish for your swift recovery.