1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[听力原文] The Historical Significance of American Revolution The American Revolution represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modern England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modern Europe at the end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have had to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American colonies could a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new nation. Here, in the popular rising against a "tyrannical" government, the fruits were more than the securing of a freer constitution. They included the growth of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, for the first time, a nation was born, not in the dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
1. Who will select the Best Actress nominees for Academy Awards?
A.A group of learned film producers.
B.A group of established directors.
C.A group of enthusiastic audience.
D.A group of well-known actors.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]1-3 H: Hey. Have you ever heard of Academy Awards, or Oscars? S: Well, I should say I've done more than hearing of it. I know it quite well. Academy Awards or Oscars are given every year in the United States by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for excellence in the creation and production of motion pictures. First presented in 1929, Oscars are among the film industry's most desired prizes. H: That seems very interesting. I wonder whether you know the principal categories for Academy Awards winners. S: They include Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Foreign Language Film, Best Special Effect, Best Sound, Best Musical Score, etc. H: Oh, it seems quite inclusive. S: But not many can get one during the whole life. And for most award categories, a maximum of five entrants are first nominated by the academy members who are in that particular field. That is, actors select actors; directors select directors and so on. From among these nominees, all academy members select the winner by secret ballot. The winners are publicly announced at a formal ceremony each spring. H: Yeah. That's really competitive, but what will each winner get? A certain amount of bonus? S: No. Actually, a gold plated bronze human figure created by American sculptor George Stanley will be awarded to each winner. H: Oh, I see. Thank you for your explanation. How do you manage to know all these? S: Well, last semester I took a course in the history of films.
4. According to this conversation, which is not included in order to live a longer life?
A.To do exercise and keep a healthy diet.
B.To follow the doctors' advice strictly.
C.To have more positive attitudes towards life and stay optimistic.
D.To stay mentally active.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] 4-7 M: Hey! Jenny, do you want to live a longer life? F: Why? Of course! Everybody hopes so. M: Look, here is some advice given by experts on how to live a longer and happier life. They tell people to do exercise and keep a healthy diet. They say 30 minutes of mild exercise a day will increase your life span. You can do things like walking, gardening or taking exercise classes. F: But everybody knows that. M: Come on! I think there is some valuable advice. For example, they say you should enjoy people more, join some social clubs or groups so that you share your life's joys and sorrows with them and fight depression and stress. F: That makes sense. In this way, we can have more positive attitudes towards life and stay optimistic because we feel we're not alone. What else does the article say? M: You should stay mentally active. Because the decline of our brain power will shorten our lives, too. So read the newspaper, visit the public library, balance your checkbook without using a calculator, do crossword puzzles and so on. F: I think this advice is for old people. M: Not necessarily. Because it also persuades young people like us to do regular checkups and prevent illness like cancer, high blood pressure which threaten our longevity. F: All right, I don't mean to argue with you. Are you going to follow every piece of advice listed there? M: I'll try my best.
[点拨] 原文并没有提及要严格遵从医生建议。
5. How long one should take mild exercise a day to increase one's life span?
A.Half an hour.
B.One hour.
C.Two hours.
D.45 minutes.
A B C D
A
[点拨] 原文中有“They say 30 minutes of mild exercise a day will increase your life span...”一句。
6. To stay mentally active, which is not advocated?
A.To read the newspaper.
B.To balance one's checkbook with a calculator.
C.To visit the public library.
D.To do crossword puzzles.
A B C D
B
[点拨] 原文中有“balance your checkbook without using a calculator...”一句。
7. According to the conversation, what is the advice for young people?
A.To keep a healthy diet.
B.To join some social clubs or groups.
C.To do regular checkups.
D.To stay optimistic about life.
A B C D
C
[点拨] 原文中有“it also persuades young people like us to do regular checkups...”一句。
8. What is the woman's purpose to have such a conversation?
A.To ask for advice for her rock-climbing program.
B.To persuade the man to take a rock-climbing course.
C.To make preparation for the training course.
D.To share her idea with of the rock-climbing with the man.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]8-10 W: Philip, have you chosen a physical education class yet for this semester? M: No. Why? W: You've got to take rock-climbing. We just had the first class and it looks like it is going to be great. M: You think I should take rock-climbing? You've got to be kidding. Besides, how can they teach rock-climbing when it's completely flat around here? W: It really does matter. You cannot just start climbing without any training. You had to get in shape, learn how to use the ropes, the belts, and the buckles. There's a lot of preparation first. M: You don't think it is just a little bit dangerous? W: Not at all if you know how to use the safety equipment, which is by the way, pretty hi-tech. The ropes are made of elastic fabrics that stretch a little, the shoes have special grapes on the bottom and the helmets are made of some kind of special plastic. You have to learn how to use all these before you do any real climbing. M: Well, what's the appeal? We will spend the whole semester studying something we do not actually get to do. W: We will take a climbing trip during spring break. M: OK, it is not my cup of tea. You just go ahead. Wish you enjoy your training and your sightseeing.
9. What can we know from the conversation about rock-climbing at their college?
A.There is no qualified coach at their college.
B.The college does not have any equipment for rock-climbing.
C.There are no appropriate places for rock-climbing nearby.
D.Little preparation is needed for the real climbing.
A B C D
C
10. Why is the woman so keen on the rock climbing?
A.Climbers can develop skills useful in other activities.
B.Climbing is not as expensive as other sports.
C.Learning to climb does not take very long time.
D.Climbers have the opportunity to be outside and enjoy the scenery.
A B C D
D
SECTION B PASSAGES In this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
[听力原文]14-16 (14)We've become alarmed over the health center by the number of students who are experiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basics about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. (16) The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured by decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound the average person can hear. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful. That's noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels may hurt your hearing. (15) Once you are up to 140 decibels, that's like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. Those are sure sign that your hearing's at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you.
2. What kind of sounds is harmful for your hearing?
A.Traffic on a busy street.
B.Jet plane taking off.
C.Sound that the average person can hear.
D.Sounds up to 80 decibels.
A B C D
B
3. According to the passage, what is the main cause of preventable hearing loss?
[听力原文] 14-17 Some people say radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi of Italy. Marconi sent the first radio communication signals through the air in eighteen ninety-five15. In fact, no one person can be called the inventor of radio. Many people, including several Americans, helped to develop radio14. De Forest developed some of the technology used in early radio. During his lifetime, he invented hundreds of devices that were used in telephones, shortwave radio broadcasts, and similar technology. His most famous invention was the vacuum tube, or electron tube16. In nineteen-0-six, the electron tube was considered the single most important development in electronics. The device made it possible to strengthen radio signals and to send them over long distances. It was a major reason for the fast growth of the electronics and communications industries in. the early part of the twentieth century. Edwin Armstrong was another American inventor who was important in the development of electronics and radio communication. Armstrong developed technology that helped to improve radio reception17. He discovered ways to limit unwanted radio signals. Edwin Armstrong also was a leader in using radio to reproduce sounds clearly. This process became known as frequency modulation, or FM radio. FM radio provided better sound reproduction and less noise or interference than traditional AM radio. Armstrong also developed radio receivers that became widely used.
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了三个在收音机发展史上的重要人物。
5. What was Marconi known for?
A.Inventing the first radio communication device.
B.Developing the technology used in early radio.
C.Discovering the ways of sending radio signals,
D.Sending the first radio communication signals.
A B C D
D
细节题。从“Marconi sent the first radio communication signals through the air in eighteen ninety-five.”可知。
6. What was De Forest's most famous device?
A.Telephones.
B.Electron tube.
C.Long wave radio broadcasts.
D.Shortwave radio broadcasts.
A B C D
B
细节题。从“His most famous invention was the vacuum tube, or electron tube.”可知。
7. What was Edwin Armstrong's greatest contribution?
A.Developing technology to improve radio reception.
B.Discovering innovative ways to limit radio signals.
C.Using radio to produce sounds clearly.
D.Pioneering in communications industries.
A B C D
A
细节题。从“Armstrong developed technology that helped to improve radio reception.”可知。
C.the size of a person's brain and his intelligence.
D.the intelligence of the elephant.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]18-20 We know that, for the most part, the bigger a man's muscles are, the stronger he is. Can it be claimed, then, that the larger the brain a man possesses, the smarter he is? The answer is no. There are only two animals that have larger brains than man, the whale and the elephant. Yet, in proportion to his size, man's brain is larger. Man's usually weighs about three pounds or a little more, and this is about one-fortieth of the weight of his whole body. The whale's body, on the other hand, is a thousand times heavier than its brain, while the elephant's body is about five hundred times as heavy. But a man who has a large brain is not necessarily more intelligent than one whose brain is smaller. We know that geniuses have existed who have had very large brains, but there have been others whose brains were rather small. Idiots have been known to have very large brains. We do not understand precisely why some people are more intelligent than others. Whether our brains are relatively large or small is less important than that we try to do our very best.
[解析] [A]和[D]跟动物有关,而[B]和[C]与人有关,根据第20题的问题可知,本篇短文的主题应与人有关,故[B]和[C]其中之一为答案。此外,短文开头部分提到了...the larger the brain a man possesses...The answer is no,其后又介绍了人脑的体积和重量,最后谈到了人的智力,故答案为[C]。
9. Just like the author stated here,
A.the brain of an elephant accounts for 1/50 of his total weight.
B.many kinds of animals have brains larger than men have.
C.man's brain seldom weighs much over three pounds.
D.in proportion to his total weight, man's brain is the largest of animal brains.
A B C D
C
[解析] [B]、[C]、[D]都提到了人,而[A]说的是动物,故很可能不是答案。再由文中Man's usually weighs about three pounds or a little more...可知答案为[C]。
10. What is man's intelligence decided by?
A.A large brain,
B.A small brain.
C.The environment.
D.Not precisely mentioned here.
A B C D
D
[解析] 题目问的是人类的智力是由什么决定的,根据原文中的...why some people are more intelligent than others可知答案为[D]。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
A.The Philharmonic orchestra performed in South Korea's capital this week.
B.It's the first time that an American symphony orchestra performs in this country.
C.This event can be seen on TV, radio, but not on Internet.
D.All the top leaders of government attend this event.
A B C D
B
[听力原文]21-22 The New York Philharmonic orchestra performed in North Korea's capital, Pyongyang, this week. (21) It was the first performance by an American symphony orchestra in the communist state. (22) More than one hundred performers made the trip to Pyongyang, led by the Philharmonic's musical director, Lorin Maazel. The historic event was broadcast live on television and radio in North Korea. It can also be seen on the Internet. More than one thousand North Koreans attended the concert Tuesday night. North Korean leader Kim Jong-il did not attend. However, other top North Korean officials did.
2. According to this news, about how many performers in Philharmonic orchestra were in this trip?
A.50.
B.100.
C.200.
D.1,000.
A B C D
B
3. Where was the U. S. soldier killed two days earlier?
[听力原文] A British journalist has been shot dead in Baghdad just hours after a remote-controlled bomb killed seven recruits from a new U. S.-backed Iraqi police force. The shooting victim, a freelance journalist, was hit outside the Iraqi National Museum, (30) the spot where a U. S. soldier was shot dead by a sniper two days earlier. The seven police recruits were killed in the town of Ramadi, west of Baghdad, at a graduation ceremony.
[听力原文]21-23 For years now, the world's fastest trains, operating in Japan and France, .have been stuck at a maximum operating speed of around three hundred kilometers an hour--in fact the latest Japanese bullet trains travel a bit slower than their predecessors, the emphasis of the designers being more on smoothness and economy. Now JR East, the country's largest railway company, has unveiled a much faster train, capable of sustained speeds of around 360 kilometers an hour. The new train, which has been displayed in a dazzling teal color, looks very similar to the streamlined models already running on Japan's high-speed railways, except for one unusual feature--extra emergency brakes in the form of cat's ears--this, a response to the derailment of a bullet train after an earthquake last year.
5. The newly designed trains lay JR East ______ .
A.can run at a speed of 360 kilometers an hour
B.shine with a dazzling silver color
C.took very different from the streamlined models
D.have their brakes like dog's ears
A B C D
A
6. The unusual feature of JR East new train is to ______ .
[听力原文] 23-25 The United Nations will host a major conference on the long-term recovery efforts for Iraq today at its main headquarters in New York. (23) UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon will co-chair the ministerial session with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. (24) Representatives from 20 nations will participate in the conference including many Iraq's neighbors such as Iran, Kuwait and Syria. (25) The meeting will focus on a resolution adopted by the General Assembly last month to expand the UN's presence in Iraq, Also on the agenda is the international compact on Iraq of five-year economic and political recovery strategy.
8. The representatives will come from the following countries EXCEPF
A.Iran.
B.Kuwait.
C.Syria.
D.Russia.
A B C D
D
9. What's the resolution adopted by the General Assembly mainly about?
10. Why is most Palestinians' economic situation worsening?
A.Because domestic conflicts are more intensive.
B.Because the wars with Israel are increasing.
C.Because aid from western countries is suspended.
D.Because Hamas rejects foreign countries' help.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] 24-25 The major mediating powers involved in the middle east have agreed on a European Union plan to provide some aid to the Palestinians, many of whom have been suffering severe economic hardship as a result of the suspension of western aid following the victory of Hamas in the Palestinian election. The plan aims to release European Union funds through channels other than the Humus government which is refusing to recognize Israel. The European Union, the United States, the United Nations and Russia collectively known as the quarter said their plan would provide support for local health services, guarantee fuel supplies and provide the basic needs of poor Palestinians, but they stressed the plan was limited in scope and duration. 细节判断题。本题的正确答案是C,因为它抓住了原因的关键所在,即在巴勒斯坦大选中哈马斯获胜,但是这引起了西方主要国家对它未来走向的怀疑,因此就出现了西方国家延误对他们的援救。其他选项在不同程度上符合实情,但是不是新闻中的观点,故不选。
11. Which aspect is not involved in the plan agreed by the major mediating powers?
[听力原文] A British journalist has been shot dead in Baghdad just hours after a remote-controlled bomb killed seven recruits from a new U. S. -backed Iraqi police force. The shooting victim, a freelance journalist, was hit outside the Iraqi National Museum, the spot where a U.S. soldier was shot dead by a sniper two days earlier. The seven police recruits were killed in the town of Ramadi, west of Baghdad, at a graduation ceremony.
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully 1 only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, 2 embarrassed. You have only to 3 a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most usual. 4 , there is here an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, 5 broken, makes the person immediately the object of 6 . It is a well-known fact that the English have a 7 for the discussion of their weather and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it 8 . Some people argue that it is because English weather 9 forecast and hence is a source of interest and 10 to everyone. This may be so. 11 Englishmen cannot have much 12 in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 13 a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate--or as inaccurate--as the weathermen in his 14 . The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references 15 weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are 16 by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it? Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?". 17 the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. 18 he wants to start a conversation with an Englishman but is 19 to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will 20 an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.
[试题分析] 名词辨析题。 [详细解答] 根据上下文,本句填入suspicion (n. 猜疑,怀疑)切题,若填入opposition或attack在意思上太过了,不符合实际,不能选。正确答案应为A。
7.
A.passion
B.fancy
C.necessity
D.judgement
A B C D
A
[试题分析] 名词辨析题。 [详细解答] 根据上下文,所填词和have构成短语表示“有什么的喜好”,所以填入passion (n. 激情,热情),符合句意,A应为正确答案。fancy n. 爱好,迷恋,想象力一般用于take a fancy to结构;necessity n. 必要性,需要,必需品;judgement n. 审判,判决,判断力。
8.
A.at length
B.to a great extent
C.from their heart
D.by all means
A B C D
A
[试题分析] 副词短语辨析题。 [详细解答] at length详细地;to a great extent很大程度上,非常;from their heart从心底里地;by all means尽一切办法。根据下文内容,可以判断这里填入at length符合句意。故答案为A。
[试题分析] 名词辨析题。 [详细解答] contribution n. 捐献,贡献,投稿;deduction n. 减除,扣除,减除额,推论,演绎;contemplation n. 注视,沉思,预期,企图,打算;speculation n. 思索。根据句意,显然填入speculation切题,故答案为D。
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. It was requested that all of the equipment ________ in the agreed time.
10. We may often be puzzled by ways of expression that the native speaker of English does not even have to ______, as English is not our first language.
11. Henry read the letter again lest he ______ anything important.
A.should miss
B.has missed
C.would miss
D.might have missed
A B C D
A
[解析] 情态动词题。should用于if, lest或in case之后,表示语气较强的假设,某事不太可能发生。比如:If you should change your mind, please let me know.(万一你要改变主意,请告诉我。)故选[A]。
12. So many students ______ , the teacher threw the textbook in a fit of anger.
A.were absent-minded
B.be absent-minded
C.been absent-minded
D.being absent-minded
A B C D
D
独立主格结构题。在没有连词连接的情况下,可以用独立主格结构作为分句来表达与主句间的关系,本题中独立主格结构的主语为so many students,谓语为be absent-minded,由于主语与谓语是主动关系,故用-ing形式。
13. I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______.
A.was not invited
B.am not invited
C.was not being invited
D.will not be invited
A B C D
A
[试题分析] 本题是句型结构题。 [详细解答] 此处but结构可看成是通过上下文来表示假设的情况,but后面表示的是过去的一个事实。but I was not invited相当于If I had been invited,表示与过去事实相反的假设,它与主句should like to have gone所表示的“过去想去而未能去成”相呼应。如果but前面的句子表示与现在事实相反,则but句子中的谓语须用一般现在时。
这道题考查有关effect的动词词组。take effect“(法律)生效, (药物)产生作用”:carry into effect“实现”;put into effect“实行,使……生效”;have effect on sth.“对……有影响”。
23. The young couple ______the child to the care of their neighbour for evening schools.
A.trusted
B.entrusted
C.distrusted
D.mistrusted
A B C D
B
年轻夫妇把孩子托付给邻居照管去上夜校。 动词辨析题。trust意为“信任”,用于trust sb. 或者接that从句;entrust意为“托付,委托”,通常用于entrust sth. to sb. 结构,表示“将……托付给某人”;distrust意为“怀疑;不信”;mistrust意为“不信任;怀疑,猜疑”,常用于distrust sb. /sth.或者mistrust sb./sth.。根据句意,答案为[B]。
24. One possible reason for the lack of ______ within her class could be attributed to tasks not being sufficiently challenging for some pupils.
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
TEXT A There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. In a market system individual economic units are free to interact with each other. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money. An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each kind of goods and services should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by government shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example or complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy. In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain groups of caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve and therefore a stagnant society may result.
1. The main purpose of the passage is______.
A.to outline contrasting types of the economic system
B.to explain the science of economics
C.to compare barter and money-exchange markets
D.to argue for the superiority of one economic system
A B C D
A
主旨题。文章第一段最后一句便点明了三种不同类型的经济体系“the market system, the administered system and the traditional system”。接下来的三段分别具体介绍上述三种体系。纵观全文,作者并未解释经济学方面的知识,也没暗示哪种经济体系更为优越。由此可先排除B、C两项。而D选项虽涉及市场体系中两种形式的比较,但并不能概括整篇文章的大意。故A为正确答案。
2. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to______.
A.inflation
B.misunderstandings
C.rapid speed of transactions
D.difficulty for the traders
A B C D
D
细节题。将题干关键词“a barter economy”定位到文章第二段第三行“In a barter economy,…each other.”注意紧随该句的信号词“Obviously”,答案便可从其后的“finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task”一句得出:实物交换的经济模式会给商人带来许多麻烦,而C选项中提到的加快交易速度与此相悖。A、B选项原文并未提及,不可能是物物交换带来的结果。故选D。
3. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?
A.Individual households.
B.Major corporations.
C.Small businesses.
D.The government.
A B C D
D
推断题。第三段第一句“An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions.”指出管理经济模式通常是由某个机构来调控所有的经济活动。本段第三句和第四句,作者进一步说明在这种管理经济模式需制定一个核心的计划,而政府就是这个计划的制定者,通过主导中央计划来管理控制一切经济活动。由此可推断在管理经济体制中,政府拥有最大限度的控制权。故D为正确选项。
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person's place in a traditional society?
A.Family background..
B.Custom.
C.Age.
D.Religious belief.
A B C D
C
细节题。利用题干关键词“a person's place”将该题定位到文章最后一段首句:“every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom”可见,家庭出身、宗教信仰和文化习俗是衡量个人在传统社会中地位的三大标准,逐一比对四个选项,A项虽未直接使用“parentage(出身、家世)”,但属同义转换或解释,只有C未涉及。故C符合题意。
TEXT B Jesus once famously said, "I am the Truth. " Christianity at its best embodies this provocative idea and has long been committed to preserving, expanding and sharing truth. Most of the great universities of the world were founded by Christians committed to the truth—in all its forms—and to training new generations to carry it forward. When science began in the 17th century, Christians eagerly applied the new knowledge to alleviate suffering and improve living conditions. But when it comes to the truth of evolution, many Christians feel compelled to look the other way. They hold on to a particular interpretation of an ancient story in Genesis that they have fashioned into a modern account of origins—a story that began as an oral tradition for a wandering tribe of Jews thousands of years ago. This is the view on display in a $ 27 million Creation Museum in Kentucky. It inspired the Institute for Creation Research, which purports to offer scientific support for creationism. And it's hardly a fringe view. A 2010 Gallup poll indicated that 4 in 10 Americans think that God created human beings pretty much in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years or so. While Genesis contains wonderful insights into the relationship between God and the creation, it simply does not contain scientific ideas about the origin of the universe, the age of the earth or the development of life. For more than two centuries, careful scientific research, much of it done by Christians, has demonstrated clearly that the earth is billions years old, not mere thousands, as many creationists argue. We now know that the human race began millions of years ago in Africa—not thousands of years ago in the Middle East, as the story in Genesis suggests. And all life forms are related to each other through evolution. These are important truths that science has discovered through careful research. They are not "opinions" that can be set aside if you don't like them. Anyone who values truth must take these ideas seriously, for they have been established as true beyond any reasonable doubt. There is much evidence for evolution. The most compelling comes from the study of genes, especially now that the Human Genome Project has been completed and the genomes of many other species being constantly mapped. In particular, humans share an unfortunate "broken gene" with many other primates, including chimpanzees, orangutans, and macaques. This gene, which works fine in most mammals, enables the production of Vitamin C. Species with broken versions of the gene can't make Vitamin C and must get it from foods like oranges and lemons. Thousands of hapless sailors died painful deaths scurvy during the age of exploration because their "Vitamin C" gene was broken. How can different species have identical broken genes7 The only reasonable explanation is that they inherited it from a common ancestor. Not surprisingly, evolution since the time of Darwin has claimed that humans, orangutans, chimpanzees, and macaques evolved recently from a common ancestor. The new evidence from genetics corroborates this. Such evidence proves common ancestry with a level of certainty comparable to the evidence that the earth goes around the sun. This is but one of many, many evidences that support the truth of evolution—that make it a "sacred fact" that Christians must embrace in the name of truth. And they should embrace this truth with enthusiasm, for this is the world that God created. Christians must come to welcome—rather than fear—the ideas of evolution. Truths about Nature are sacred, for they speak of our Creator. Such truths constitute "God's second book" for Christians to read alongside the Bible. In the 17th century, Galileo used the metaphor of the "two books" to help Christians of his generation understand the sacred truth that the earth moves about the sun. "The Bible," he liked to say, "tells us how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go. " To understand how the heavens go we must read the book of Nature, not the Bible. The book of Nature reveals the truth that God created the world through gradual processes over billions of years, rather than over the course of six days, as many creationists believe. Evolution does not contradict the Bible unless you force an unreasonable interpretation on that ancient book. To suppose, as the so-called young earth creationists do, that God dictated modern scientific ideas to ancient and uncomprehending scribes is to distort the biblical message beyond recognition. Modern science was not in the worldview of the biblical authors and it is not in the Bible. Science is not a sinister enterprise aimed at destroying faith. It's an honest exploration of the wonderful world that God created. We are often asked to think about what Jesus would do, if he lived among us today. Who would Jesus vote for? What car would he drive? To these questions we should add "What would Jesus believe about origins?" And the answer? Jesus would believe evolution, of course. He cares for the Truth.
1. Which of the following statements concerning Christians is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.Christians have long been committed to preserving, expanding and sharing truth.
B.Christians founded most of the great universities of the world.
C.Christians applied the new knowledge to lead an increasingly simpler life than ever.
D.Christians radically differ from evolutionists 'in interpreting the world origin.
A B C D
C
第二自然段中“When science began in the 17th century,Christians eagerly applied the new knowledge to alleviate suffering and improve living conditions”这句表明,基督徒应用新知识减轻痛苦改善生活条件,而不是使得生活变得越来越简单。
2. The author thinks modern scientific researches ______.
A.go against with the story in Genesis
B.offer ample support for creationism
C.render creationism meaningless
D.are all conducted by non-Christians
A B C D
A
第二自然段中“But when it comes to the truth of evolution,many Christians feel compelled to look the other way”这句表明,在进化论方面很多基督徒不得不采用另外的视角,说明基督徒所信奉的创世纪理论是和现代科学研究背道而驰的。
3. According to the passage, the Human Genome Project provides evidence for ______.
A.creationism
B.naturalism
C.evolutionism
D.inheritance
A B C D
C
第三自然段中“There is much evidence for evolution.The most compelling comes from the study of genes”这句,人类基因组研究为进化论提供了证据。
4. In the sentence "Science is not a sinister enterprise aimed at destroying faith", the word "sinister" most probably means ______.
5. The author proposes that there be a(n) ______ relationship between Christianity and science.
A.alternative
B.complementary
C.incompatible
D.inclusive
A B C D
B
第四自然段中“Evolution does not contradict the Bible unless you force an unreasonable interpretation on that ancient book”这句表明,作者认为基督教的圣经思想和现代进化论思想本质上不相冲突,而应该是互补的,即圣经书和自然书是两本互补的书。
TEXT C The National Trust in Britain, together with similar voluntary organizations, plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government, supported by public taxes. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and the ancient sites to preserve them for the permanent enjoyment of the public. It is a charity, which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. It has 160,000 members in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who pay a small subscription each year, and its primary duties are to protect the places of great natural beauty and historical interest and preserve them from the dangers of modern development and extinction. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the late Lord Lothian, who in 1935 said that, as a result of taxation and estate duty, most of these ancient houses were under sentence of death, ① When he died he left his great seventh century house and all its contents to the Trust Together with 4,500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and it started the Trust's "Country House Scheme". Under the scheme, with the cooperation of the government and thanks to the generosity of the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses, together with often very valuable contents. Whenever possible, the Trust seeks to maintain continuity and to preserve these as living realities rather than as dead museums. It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them make the best possible curators. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, gardens, Roman antiquities, farms and small villages, cultural parks, as well as complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment and all houses completely maintain their original sixteenth-century style. The public definitely has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. The preservation was part of history of Britain, and is now practiced by its organization, certainly will be carried on in the future, therefore, those cultural and historical relics will exist forever as long as people care for the environment in which they are living, both natural and cultural, ②
1. What is the possible meaning of "subscription" in the first paragraph?
A.The donation by the citizens.
B.The fee paid by the person with the membership of the Trust.
C.The money used to repair the ancient houses.
D.Support granted by the government.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。根据文章第一段第二句话,虽然它接受政府物质和精神上的支持,但由于靠税收支持的政府不富裕,所以the National Trust成了一个靠公众自愿支持的慈善机构。根据本段最后一句话可以判断选项[B]为正确答案。[A]为干扰项,过于宽泛,排除;选项[C]、[D]不符题意。
2. In what kind of conditions are the great old houses and castles nowadays?
A.They are under the threat of modern technology.
B.Less and less support is got for their repair and maintenance.
C.Heavy taxation and estate duty caused their being deserted.
D.They are more dynamic, vigorous and valuable than before.
3. Who will take up the responsible managerial work of the old houses?
A.The directors of the local branches of the Trust.
B.The men who enjoy the prestige in the local places.
C.The members of the organization.
D.The ex-owners of the structure.
A B C D
D
事实细节题。文章第二段的最后一句话“It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them makes the best possible curators.”信托机构认为把古建筑捐给国家的家庭是最好的馆长,他们可以照管老宅。选项[A]信托机构的地方机构负责具体的事务;选项[B]“当地名流”,文中没有提及;机构会员只是捐款,所以排除选项[C]。
4. Which of the following may be NOT allowed to be done by a visitor?
A.Taking pictures of the scenes.
B.Having a discussion with his/her partner(s).
C.Doing some work for the improvement of the garden.
TEXT D Study confirms that moderate drinking reduces stroke risk. Similar to the way a drink or two a day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumption wards off strokes, a new study found. The study also found that the type of alcohol consumed—beer, wine or liquor—was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination was protective, researchers reported in today's journal of the American Medical Association. "No study has shown benefit in recommending alcohol to those who do not drink", cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data support the guidelines of the National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers may protect themselves from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said. The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacks is well established, but the data had been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the authors said. The new study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanics benefit as well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other groups, such as Asian, who past study suggested may get no stroke protection from alcohol or may even be put at greater risk. Among the groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in levels of so-called "good" cholesterol, the authors said. They speculated alcohol might protect against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood clots that can cause strokes. ① The researchers studied 677 New York residents who lived in the northern part of Manhattan and had strokes between July 1,1993 and June 30,1997. After taking into account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic drinks daily were only half as likely to have suffered clot-type strokes as nondrinkers. ②Clot-type strokes account for 80% of all strokes, a leading cause of the US deaths and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day, risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers. An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn't be interpreted to mean,“ I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol,” said Dr. Edgar J. Kenton, an associate professor of clinical neurology at Thomas Jefferson University Medical College in Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable risk factors for stroke.
1. According to Dr. Sacco,______.
A.different wines work differently on drinkers at stroke risk
B.nondrinkers should also consume a moderate amount of alcohol
C.drinkers should keep to one kind of alcohol to ward off strokes
D.moderate alcohol consumption protects against strokes
SECTION A COMPOSITION When people form opinions about someone or something, what affects them most is not substance but style. Is style more important than substance? Write a composition on this issue.
1.
The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller
You are to write in three parts. In the first part state what you think is the best way. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller
The world is getting smaller and smaller. Most of us may have such experiences: when you go to some place far away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there ,you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street. Perhaps both of you would cry out, "What a small world!" Why is the world getting smaller and smaller? For one thing, faster and safer means of transport have greatly reduced distance. In the past it took people eight weeks to cross the Pacific Ocean ,but now an air journey from Shanghai to New York only takes eight hours. For another, the quickening pace of modern society creates more opportunities for people to visit each other. For example, business activities and cultural exchange have brought peoples into constant contact with the world. So we may safely draw the conclusion that the more advanced a society and technology is, the smaller the world will be.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
1. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50 -60 words based on the following situation: Your friend, Jim, wants to look up for some material in the reference room of your college. Tell him the location of the reference room, the available time and the relative procedure. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
[参考范文] Dear jim, April 2,2011 I'm glad to know that the reference material① of my college could be helpful to your paper. The reference room is in Room 302 of the second teaching building②. It is open during working hours③ from Monday to Friday. Don't forget to take your student card④together with you if you want to borrow some hooks. Yours sincerely, Tom