1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[听力原文] The tradition of exchanging gifts at Christmas is practiced differently in different families. In my family, for example, we exchange wrapped presents on Christmas Eve after dinner. On Christmas Day there are also gifts from Santa Claus under the tree for my sister and me. Santa Claus has been bringing such gifts to our house since I was a child, and my sister and I like the tradition so well that even though we' re now grown-ups, we' ve asked him never to stop. In my best friend Jane' s family, on the other hand, the gifts are not opened on Christmas Eve but on Christmas Day. Santa Claus stopped coming by their house once the children became teenagers. Their gifts to each other, however, are not labeled, so you never know who gives what. Nevertheless, one thing stays the same: both families enjoy the spirit of Christmas equally, although in their own way.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
A.The man wants to get authorization for a room change.
B.The man is worried about his friendship with his roommate.
C.Then man needs a scholarship to continue living in the dormitory.
D.The man wants the head resident to talk to David for him.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] 8-10 M: Are you the head resident? W: Yes. M: I'm Bill Miller. I'm here because I want to change roommates. W: Really? That surprises me. I thought that you and David were good friends. M: We were. You see, we knew each other before. We are from the same home town, but it looks like we had different reasons for coming to college. W: How so? M: Well, David is really into having fun, which is great. But he has so many people in our room all the time that I can't study. And the stereo is on constantly. W: Have you talked to him about it? M: "Yes, but he just doesn't take me seriously. W: I see. M: Miss Todd, I have to study. I'm on scholarship. David isn't. W: Okay. Here's what we can do. Let me talk to David, and then you see how it goes. Just one week.
[试题分析] 本题考查的是会话的目的。需要从整体上把握。 [详细解答] 会话中有问题,会话的目的就是解决问题。关键词可以给出提示。依据“I'm here because I want to change roommates”可以做出判断。
2. Why is the man worried about the course?
A.That David is not a serious student.
B.That David doesn't need to worry because he has a scholarship.
C.That David won't speak with him.
D.That David wants to move back to his home town.
A B C D
A
[试题分析] 本题是细节题。 [详细解答] 先看题支,再有针对性的认真听。依据会话中提到的“David is really into having fun”“I'm on scholarship. David isn't”可以做出判断。
3. What is the man's problem?
A.His roommate is noisy.
B.He isn't speaking to his roommate.
C.He does not like his roommate.
D.He doesn't know his roommate very well.
A B C D
A
[试题分析] 本题是推理题。需要先把握大意。然后做出推理。 [详细解答] 一般来讲,此类题目,几个选项都具有很强的迷惑性,一定要正确理解。关键词可以给出提示。依据会话中提到的“but he has so many people in our loom all the time that I can't study. And the stereo is on constantly”可以做出推理。
[听力原文] 7-10 W: Good morning! Housing Office. How can I help you? M: Hi, I am calling about the new subsidized low cost housing for graduate students. W: Are you aware that it is available to married graduate students and their families? M: Yes. I think my wife and I may qualify since she is still in graduate school. But I was wondering whether there were any other requirements. W: Well, unless you have more than one child, you have to have combined annual income that' s less than $ 15,000. M: I' m working as a part-time research assistant, so that' s no problem. But right now we are living with my wife' s parents. Does that mean we have to include their income too? W: Not necessarily. Why don't you stop by our office, so I can give you some forms to fill out and explain everything in more detail? M: That sounds like a good idea. Will tomorrow morning be all right? W: OK. M: Is there anyone special I should ask for? W: You can ask for me, Susan Davis or my assistant Bill Brown. 推断题,问男士给女士打电话的原因。对话一开始男士就说calling about the new subsidized low cost housing for graduate students,故答案是B。
5. Where does the man live?
A.With his grandparents.
B.In student housing.
C.With his wife's parents.
D.In his own apartment.
A B C D
C
细节题,问男士目前的居住状况。从right now we are living with my wife's parents可以看出,目前男士夫妇住在岳父母家,故答案是C。
6. Why does the man believe he is eligible for low cost housing?
A.He has more than one child.
B.His wife is a graduate student.
C.He is a full-time student.
D.He works at the university housing office.
A B C D
B
推断题,问男士为何觉得他们满足公寓人住条件。从she is still in graduate school可以得知,答案是B。
7. What can be inferred about the man?
A.He earns less than $15,000 a year.
B.He's looking for a full-time job.
C.He thinks his rent is too high.
D.He plans to go back to graduate school.
A B C D
A
推断题,问有关男士的一些别的方面的信息。从女士提到收入要求是年收入须少于$ 15,000,男士的回答I'm working as a part-time research assistant, so that's no problem可以看出他的收入状况,故答案是A。
8. What does the man think is the biggest change of families9
A.The number of the only-child families is increasing.
B.More young persons seldom stay at home.
C.Relatives seldom live in the same place.
D.The family members live in the same place.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] 7-10 W: Do you think Chinese families have changed much in the last 50 years? M: I think families everywhere have changed a lot in the last 5 decades. W: (7)What do you think is the biggest change? M: (7)Well, in the past, three or four generations would live together under the same roof. Nowadays, relatives living in the same city become rare. W: That's true. You know, some husbands and wives don't even live in the same city any more. M: Would you ever consider having your parents live with you when they get older? W: (8) I guess I'm a bit old-fashioned. I'd rather have my parents live with me than live in a retirement room. M: That's very respectable, (9) but I could never live with my parents. I usually only see them at our Christmas celebration—and that's enough! W: How about Your other brothers and sisters? Do they spend a lot of time with your parents? M: Two of my sisters still live at home; even they have already graduated from university and have jobs. (9) They enjoy spending their free time with my parents. I guess in that respect, I'm the black sheep of the family. W: I see. Do your parents ever ask you to come home to visit them more often? M: They're always asking me to come home, but I think our relationship is better if we keep a distance from each other. (10) Whenever we see each other, all we do is fight. W: Well, you know what they say. You can choose your friends, not your family.
9. What does the woman hope when her parents get older?
A.She hopes her parents live with her.
B.She hopes her parents live with their relatives.
C.She hopes her parents live in a retirement room.
D.She hopes her parents live with her sisters.
A B C D
A
10. Why does the man say he is the black sheep of the family?
A.Because he is always in trouble at home.
B.Because he doesn't live with his parents.
C.Because he often fights with other persons.
D.Because he wouldn't study hard.
A B C D
B
11. Why wouldn't the man come home more often?
A.Because he likes living alone.
B.Because his house is far from his parents' house.
C.Because he often gets on business.
D.Because he always quarrels with his parents.
A B C D
D
SECTION B PASSAGES In this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
[听力原文]11-13 Most people know what a hotdog is. It's a sausage in a roll. But do you know why it's called a hotdog? (11) Well, the long red sausage which goes into a hotdog is called a frankfurter. It got its name from the German town Frankfurt. The sausages were very popular, but hot frankfurters were difficult to sell in crowds. (12) One man, Harry Stevens, had the job of feeding the crowds in baseball games. He had an idea. Why not put the frankfurters in long, hot bread rolls? This made them easy to sell. The "red hot" had a hot and attractive taste and became very popular. (13) But in 1903, an American cartoonist drew a long German sausage dog in place of the frankfurter so a frankfurter in a roll soon became known as a "hot dog". It was a joke, but some people really thought the sausages contained dog meat. For a while, sales of hotdogs failed, but not for long.
2. What was Harry, Stevens’ job?
A.He sold fast food.
B.He raised dogs.
C.He was a cook.
D.He was a cartoonist.
A B C D
C
3. Why did sales of hotdogs decrease for some time?
A.Because the Americans found they were from Germany.
C.generally like snuggling up to their mothers for warmth
D.are not happy wallowing in the mud
A B C D
A
[听力原文]14-16 Piglets may be happy wallowing in the mud, but they get a much better start in life if they are nurtured on a warm waterbed. Instead of snuggling up to their mothers for warmth in their cold pigsty and running the risk of being crushed--a common cause of early death--German scientists said waterbeds could be a safer alternative. When Martin Ziron and researchers at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics in Giessen, Germany tested various heating methods on 1,400 piglets during their first weeks of life, waterbeds won hands down. "Around 99 percent of the piglets preferred warm waterbeds to any of the alternatives, spending well over half the day lounging about on them and only getting up to feed or play," New Scientist said Wednesday. The scientists compared the number of injures, which usually occur while scrambling for a feeding position, and the weight gain of the piglets which were provided with plastic plates, foam mats waterbeds, straw or concrete. Piglets on the waterbeds had fewer injuries and gained much more weight than the animals kept on concrete. According to the magazine, the waterbeds are made from a tough plastic membrane and can be heated from underneath by an electric mat or from above by infrared lamps.
5. What is NOT the benefit the piglets getting from sleeping on the waterbeds than otherwise?
A.They can get much more weight.
B.They suffer many potential injuries.
C.Avoid the risk of possible early death.
D.They can eat much more than otherwise.
A B C D
D
6. Which one is NOT true about the waterbeds?
A.They can be heated by electric mat or infrared lamps.
B.They are made from tough plastic membrane.
C.They are the best choice in the scientific test.
D.They are much safer for the piglets but hard to control.
[听力原文]14-16 Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. (14) Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it was much different. (15) Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. (16) In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.
8. What did the first magazine NOT focus on?
A.News events.
B.Domestic issues.
C.Policies of the government.
D.Articles.
A B C D
A
9. What was NOT included in the magazine Tattler?
A.Economy analysis.
B.Political analysis.
C.Philosophical essays.
D.News.
A B C D
A
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
1. The World Health Organization reported the environmental health risks, NOT including
A.pollution, dangers in the workplace.
B.ultraviolet radiation, noise.
C.unsafe agricultural methods, climate change.
D.wars between countries.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]21-23 This week, the World Health Organization released its first country-by-country look at environmental health risks. (21) These include pollution, dangers in the workplace and ultraviolet radiation from the sun. They also include risks like noise, unsafe agricultural methods, climate change and people's behavior. (23) The report says making environmental conditions healthier could prevent thirteen million deaths each year. Research on close to two hundred countries found that the worst affected include Angola, Burkina Faso, Mali and Afghanistan. The study found that two major environmental risks cause more than ten percent of the deaths in twenty three countries. (22) These risks are unsafe water and indoor air pollution from burning wood, coal or animal waste for fuel.
2. What makes the indoor air pollution?
A.Unsafe water.
B.Wood, animal waste.
C.Burning wood, coal or animal waste for fuel.
D.People's behavior.
A B C D
C
3. How many people's life can be saved by making the environmental conditions healthier?
4. Castro attended a Catholic Cathedral service______.
A.to mourn the death of the Pope
B.to make a speech
C.to comfort the church officials
D.to make a break of the tradition
A B C D
A
[听力原文]21-22 (21) The President of Cuba Fidel Castro has attended a service of the Catholic Cathedral in Havana to mourn the death of Pope John Paul. A church official says it's the first time the Communist leader, has entered the building since 1959. It's not until 1992 that Cuba officially did not believe in the existence of God. President Castro said the (22)Pope was always a good friend of Cuba. To John Paul II. Rest in peace. (22)Tireless fighter for the peace of nations, enemy of war and friend of the poor. It was vain for those who wanted to use your prestige against the just cause of people.
5. Which one is NOT the Pope's image in the President's eyes?
6. Why did the Congress establish the United States Botanic Garden?
A.For scientific research on the growing things.
B.For make a center of beauty.
C.For attracting more children to visit.
D.For improving the environmental conditions.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]26-28 The United States Botanic Garden is America's plant museum. Congress established the Botanic Garden as a center for the science of growing things. But the Garden is also a center of beauty. The Botanic Garden has twenty-five thousand plants in its collection. Visitors can see many of them in the Garden's public Conservatory. It is a large stone and glass structure near the United States Capitol building. There is a titan arum plant at the U.S. Botanic Garden. It is called the "corpse plant" because its flower smells something like a dead body. Everywhere you look in the Conservatory, something appeals to your eyes. A visitor can move seemingly from one part of Earth to another in just a few seconds. A short walk takes you from desert to thick forest. The Conservatory offers examples of plants that provide the makings of medicine. It also has plants of special interest to children. Rare and endangered plants occupy a place all their own.
7. According to this passage, what is the "large stone and glass structure"?
A.The United States Capitol building.
B.The Garden's public Conservatory.
C.Corpse plant.
D.The United States Botanic Garden.
A B C D
B
8. Which of the following items is NOT true?
A.The Botanic Garden has twenty-five thousand plants in total.
B.The Botanic Garden provides medicine for the visitors.
C.A visitor can move seemingly from one part of Earth to another in just a few seconds,
D.It has rare and endangered plants, too.
A B C D
B
9. Why is there rapid growth in global air travel in the UK?
A.The aviation fuel is less harmful to the environment.
B.The aviation fuel is cheaper and safer than other fuels.
C.The ticket prices are getting low and people's incomes are rising.
D.The number of British traveling places is more than double in the next quarter of a century.
[听力原文] Falling ticket prices and rising incomes are leading to rapid growth in global air travel. According to the British government, the number of British air passengers, for example, will more than double in the next quarter Of a century. Increases of such an order would mean much more aviation fuel being burned and aviation fuel may be more harmful to the environment than other fuels because the resulting smoke is emitted at high altitudes.
[听力原文] 25-26 Zaire Foreign Minister Mpinga Kasenda was feared dead when the plane he was traveling in crashed near Kinshasa's main airport early on Sunday.Two Tunisian diplomats,including a presidential envoy,were confirmed to have died,the Tunisian foreign ministry said.(Q25)Rescuers who went to the crash site said they recovered nine bodies and found no survivors.(Q26)They said rescue parties,who waited for first light.found the aircraft in two pieces in marshland three kilometers from the aimer.
本题测试对细节内容的直接判断能力。根据文中信息“Rescuers who went to the crash site said they recovered nine bodies and found no survivors.” ,从而找出正确答案是C。
11. Where was the crashed airplane found?
A.At Kinshasa airport.
B.In a forest.
C.In a river.
D.In a marshland.
A B C D
D
本题测试对地点细节的判断能力。根据文中信息“They said rescue parties, who waited for first light,found the aircraft in two pieces in marshland three kilometers from the airport.”,我们可以得知失事的飞机是在离机场三公里远的沼泽中找到的,从而找出正确答案为D。
12. Why is online bill pay safer than traditional methods?
A.Because paper bill is usually easily stolen.
B.Because paper bill is not secret.
C.Because online bill is faster.
D.Because online bill is more convenient.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] 29-30 Many people may be nervous about using online bill pay. But a new report says it can be safer than using traditional methods. The Story posted on internet news, com reports, Javelin Strategy and Research says, eliminating paper bills makes it harder for thieves to steal information, often done by searching a person' s mail. The report claims that by simply buying into the high-tech approach, customers can save $ 4.8 billion in fraud costs each year. The group also says people who use internet banking or bill pay are more likely to monitor their transactions on a regular basis. One of the snags, though, most companies do charge a monthly fee for the online services. 细节判断题。在对比在线支付和传统支付两种方式哪一种更为安全时,新闻中这样描述:“由于窃贼通常用私人信件的方式来窃取资料,消灭纸质账单将使窃贼更难得逞。”本题问的是在线支付的好处,选项A变换角度作答,没有违背原意,是最佳答案。
13. What will be barriers for the development of online bill pay?
A.Online bill is not safe enough.
B.The technology is not mature.
C.Online-bill-pay services charge fee.
D.Most companies are not willing to accept it.
A B C D
C
细节复现题。新闻在最后直接说明了发展在线服务存在的障碍之一就是收费问题,而且为了加强语气,还特意在charge a monthly fee前面使用了do这个词,注意到这点,选出正确答案C就不难了。
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. 1 adaptation is to be light in color, and to 2 rather than absorb the sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a 3 body temperature. 4 trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, 5 would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever 6 , and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in gazelles (瞪羚羊). Another strategy 7 large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point 8 would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight 9 water without harm to itseff, 10 human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent oftheir body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to 11 this water loss 12 onedrink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to 13 over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, 14 , cannot drink enoughwater to rehydrate at one 15 , because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a toorapid 16 of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The 17 of water loss is ofobvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain 18 a water hole but can obtain food from gazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the 19 ability to feednormally when extremely dehydrated; it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even 20 conditions of moderate thirst.
[解析] 根据本句中的advantage可知本句主语是沙漠动物相对于其他动物的优势,本段首句中的to tolerate the loss of body water正是优势,此处的意思与它相似,故tolerate的名词形式tolerance符合句意。 [点睛] 语义逻辑题。permittance这个词是不存在的;allowance的意思是“津贴,补助”;endurance表示“耐力,持久力”。
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. ______, she led a life of complete seclusion, and almost isolated from the outside.
A.Being disgraced
B.Disgraced
C.Disgracing
D.She was disgraced
A B C D
B
非谓语动词题。disgraced在这里是过去分词作状语,表示伴随状态。
2. I understand ______ preparation that the staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.
无论她贫穷还是富贵,我都会娶她为妻。 状语从句题。在开放式条件句和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果if省略,系动词be与主语的位置要倒装。又如:If any person is guilty of a crime, the court shah have the right to appeal.(任何人犯罪,法院都有权起诉。)但如果把引导词去掉,我们就要用倒装句,上句可变为:Be any person guilty of a crime,the court shall have the right to appeal.而选项[D]中出现倒装,不正确。
5. I was very interested in ______she told me.
A.all that
B.all which
C.all what
D.that
A B C D
A
定语从句题。本句主句的宾语是a11。而that she told me是a11的定语从句。当先行词是不定代词,如 anything,nothing,the one,a11,much,few,any,little等时,只能用that,不用which引导定语从句。
6. Fond of singing as she is, she is ______ a good singer by profession.
A.everything but
B.anything but
C.nothing but
D.something but
A B C D
B
[答案详解] 让步状语从句与固定结构。Fond of singing as she is这个句子是让步状语从句,相当于Though she is fond of singing。anything but(不是)用来否定后边部分。
7. After seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.
12. Fat can change into muscle ______ muscle changes into fat.
A.any more than
B.no more than
C.no less than
D.much more than
A B C D
B
[解析] 考查类比结构。连词no more than连接两个句子,可构成一个类比结构,表示“正如……,不是……也不是”。另外,no more than相当于not...any more than,本句也可以写成:Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.
13. Communication is the process of ______ a message from a source to an audience via a channel.
16. Air is composed of ______ gas including hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
A.varied
B.variant
C.variable
D.various
A B C D
D
[精解] 题型:语法题。本题的大意是空气是由氢气、氧气和二氧化碳等各种各样的气体组成的。题意为:空气由不同气体混合组成。varied:consisting of or including many different kinds of things or people,especially in a way that seems interesting. 各种各样的:具有或由许多种类和形式组成的。variant (n. adi);something that is slightly different from the usual form of something. 指同常规事物有些许差异的,变异的。variable:易变的:可能变化或改变的;服从变化的;可变的;反复无常的;无常的various指的是种类不同的,不一样的,各式各样的。
17. Come on, Jack, tell me story. Don't keep me in______
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
TEXT A When I was a child in Bra in Italy, hardly any mothers had a job, grandmothers lived with their children and grandchildren, and lunch and dinner were rites (仪式) you couldn't miss. Even if the world was collapsing around you, you would go home at a set time, sit down at the table and eat a full meal fondly prepared by the women of the house. Most ingredients came from local markets, though a lot of the vegetables were grown directly in our allotments, and meat came from animals raised by friends or acquaintances. The most "exotic" foods were bought at the neighborhood grocer's shop. This typically Italian family scene has changed radically. In the 1960s and 1970s, the advent of supermarkets and cheap, mass-produced food swathed community-based economies. The boom years brought new freedom and money to spend, on food but also on leisure. Women were emancipated at last and started to go out to work. Convenience foods were all the rage. Home-baked cakes and handmade pasta were out; factory-produced replicas were in. In the late 1980s, food processing became an out-and-out revolution. In the subsequent loss of domestic and artisanal (手工制作的) savoir-faire, traditional produce and biodiversity were threatened. The food production revolution that transformed Europe and North America meant more and cheaper food for all. But there were negative effects, too: environmental harm and a loss of cultural identity. Now that emerging nations are following in our footsteps, the downside is evident. If we can't force those countries who are starting to glimpse emancipation from poverty to avoid our bad examples, we can at least propose more sustainable models of producing food. It is important to trigger the virtuous processes that lead to food that tastes great, is ecologically benign, and is produced and consumed in a way that is fair to all. We must look to the past. We need to learn from what we have forgotten or set aside in the name of modernity. The values of rural societies are the values we have to restore to our food, and hence to our culture. These values teach us that food is better when it is fresh and seasonal, when it is produced close to home, and when it is eaten with the people we love. I'm not advocating a return to the family scene of my childhood; such environments were often indicative of poverty and social backwardness. And going back to the old days would force women back into the kitchen. But we can find ideas in the past that we might apply in our increasingly complex society, and so ensure a serene future for ourselves and the earth. Food is central to our lives. It would be wrong to turn it into nothing more than a fuel enabling us to move faster, hence accelerating the consumption of the earth and its resources. In fact, it would be the worst mistake we could ever make.
1. We can learn from the beginning of the passage
A.women were not willing to go out for work in the past.
B.families ate lunch at a fixed time at home.
C.most of the vegetables people ate were produced by themselves.
D.foods sold in the grocer's shop were rare and fresh.
TEXT B American hopes that pressure from the US will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade barriers are almost certain to evaporate in disappointment. The fact is that Washington faces an obstacle far more formidable than a few power brokers in Tokyo's government offices. It's not in line with the centuries-old, deep-ingrained Japanese customs. To move the Japanese government, Washington government must move an entire nation. So far the US has had only limited success despite congressional threats to retaliate. In an April 9 nationwide broadcast, Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone urged the Japanese to buy more imported goods and unveiled a long-awaited three-year plan to ease import restrictions. But this program was far short of what Washington hoped to see. White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan said the Japanese offered "few new or immediate measures." While the plan did promise fewer shackles on imports of telecommunications gear, medicine and medical equipment, it offered no relief for American forest products—which are among the most contentious trade issues. Nakasone gives every sign of being secure in his desire to reduce a Japanese surplus in trade with the US that hit 36.8 billion dollars in 1984 and could soon top billion. Yet to rely on any Japanese political leader, no matter how popular he is at home, to reverse trade policies is to underestimate the culture and traditions that weigh heavily against a breakthrough. Big business and dozens of anonymous bureaucrats have as much power as Japan's top elected leaders. "The whole concept that we can turn this around right now is obviously ridiculous," says an American trader who has lived and worked here since 1952. "The vested interests are being shaken and slowly moved, but at a pace too slow for the eye to follow." That view is echoed by a US diplomat closely involved in the efforts to open the Japanese market to American goods, Washington's main solution to the ballooning trade ambulance. "Japan is a relationship society rather than a transactional one," he says. "You cannot alter that kind of a system with a television speech or a few general proposals, no matter how well-intended they are." Beyond specific tariffs or other official barriers to imports, experts here say that the US faces these obstacles. Nearly total domination of the Japanese market by a few dozen giant conglomerates that strongly oppose even token competition—be it from abroad or emerging domestic firms. An elite, thickly layered bureaucracy that historically has drafted laws and regulations as well as enforced them, and both of these powers would be threatened by trade reforms. A longtime relationship between business and government that critics say fosters collusion and hinders foreign entry into domestic markets.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Trade War between Japan and the US
B.It's time to Remove Japanese Trade Barrier
C.The US Desires to Reduce a Japanese Surplus in Trade
3. It can be inferred from the text, the Japanese Prime Minister's plan to relieve import restrictions would ______.
A.offer no relief for all of the American products in the near future
B.probably fall far short of the US businessman's expectation
C.allow American goods to enter the Japanese trade markets quickly
D.succeed considerably in breaking down the Japanese trade barriers
A B C D
B
推理判断题。根据第一段第七句话“But this program was far short of what Washington hoped to see”和第八句话“it offered no relief for American forest products”,以及第二段第四句中一位美国商人的话“The whole concept that we can turn this around right now is obviously ridiculous”可以看出日本首相试图减轻进口限制的努力很难达到美国的期望。
4. According to the text, the main factor working against any immediate entry into Japanese market is ______.
A.the rapid development of the Japanese economy
B.tradition, culture, and a deeply rooted bureaucracy
C.the Japanese determination to keep up its surplus
D.the Japanese political intentions and their trade policies
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the trade obstacles in the text?
A.Resistance from a large number of big enterprises against foreign competition.
B.Hindrance of business and government to imported goods that threaten domestic markets.
C.Finn support for import restrictions among Japanese workers, one of the powerful political forces.
D.Historically formed bureaucracy which makes laws and regulations and enforces them.
A B C D
C
事实细节题。在第三段可以看出选项[A]、[B]和[D]都提到了,由第二句话“...giant conglomerates strongly oppose even token competition”,日本市场被大联合企业财团把持,他们反对竞争;第三句话“An elite, bureaucracy has drafted laws and regulations... and these powers would be threatened by trade reforms”,精英政治和官僚体系制定法规反对贸易,因为这会影响他们的统治;第四句话“A longtime relationship... fosters collusion and hinders foreign entry into domestic markets”。所以可以确定选项[C]为正确答案。
TEXT C The average young American now spends practically every waking minute—except for the time in school, though reluctantly—using a smart phone, computer, television or other electronic devices, according to a new study. Those ages 8 to 18 spend seven and a half hours a day with such devices, compared with less than six and a half hours five years ago. And that does not count the hour and a half that youths spend texting, or the half hour they talk on their cellphones. And because so many of them are multitasking—say, surfing the Internet while listening to music—they pack on average nearly 11 hours of media content into that seven and a half hours. The study's findings shocked its authors, who had concluded in 2005 that use could not possibly grow further, and confirmed the fears of many parents whose children are constantly tethered to media devices. ① It found, moreover, that heavy media use is associated with several negatives, including behavior problems and lower grades. Dr. Michael Rich, a pediatrician at Children's Hospital Boston who directs the Center on Media and Child Health, said that with media use so ubiquitous, it was time to stop arguing over whether it was good or bad and accept it as part of children's environment, "like the air they breathe, the water they drink and the food they eat. " Contrary to popular wisdom, the heaviest media users reported spending a similar amount of time exercising as the light media users. Nonetheless, other studies have established a link between screen time and obesity. While most of the young people in the study got good grades, 47 percent of the heaviest media users—those who consumed at least 16 hours a day—had mostly C's or lower, compared with 23 percent of those who typically consumed media three hours a day or less. The heaviest media users were also more likely than the lightest users to report that they were bored or sad, or that they got into trouble, did not get along well with their parents and were not happy at school. The study could not say whether the media use causes problems, or, rather, whether troubled youths turn to heavy media use. "This is a stunner," said Donald F. Roberts, one of the authors of the study. "In the second report, I remember writing a paragraph saying we've hit a ceiling on media use, since there just aren't enough hours in the day to increase the time children spend on media.② But now it's up an hour. "
1. It can be inferred that young Americans probably ______.
A.are not allowed to use electronic devices in school.
B.prefer a smart phone to a computer or television.
C.want to buy the newest electronic devices.
D.are all very good at sending texting.
A B C D
A
推断题。由题目中的young Americans定位至首段首句,句中的reluctantly表明学生们不是自愿这样做的,可以推断出可能是被迫所为,故[A]为答案。首段首句提到“using a smart phone, computer, television or other electronic devices”,但并未比较它们之间的受欢迎程度,排除[B];这里也没有提到学生对新的电子产品的态度,[C]无依据,排除;[D]项为绝对项,直接排除。
2. As to the time youngsters spend on electronic devices, they spend ______hours a day altogether.
A.6,5
B.7.5
C.9.5
D.11
A B C D
C
细节题。由选项中的内容定位至第二段。首句和第二句说明学生花在使用电子设备上的总的时间是7.5+1.5+0.5=9.5小时,故[C]为答案。“compared with less than six and a half hours five years ago”表明6.5小时是5年前的数字,排除[A];而7.5小时是第二段首句提到的时间,但是没有包括发送短信以及通电话的时间,题干中的altogether表明这是总时间,排除[B];末句表明是11个小时的内容,但实际未花11个小时,排除[D]。
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.The researchers' prediction several yeas ago proved to be wrong.
B.The overuse of media devices can do harm to youngsters.
C.Many children became addicted to media devices in 2005.
D.Many parents worried about their children's use of media devices.
4. The word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 4 is close in meaning to______.
A.prevailing
B.obvious
C.notorious
D.disastrous
A B C D
A
语义题。由题目定位至第四段。这一段表明.media use已经成为日常生活中的常见现象了,再结合前面的数据可以得出prevailing“普遍的”与ubiquitous语义接近,故[A]为答案。“it was time to stop arguing over whether it was good or bad and accept it as part of children's environment”表明说话者对media use认同,觉得无需反对,故[C]notorious“臭名昭彰的”和[D]disastrous“灾难的”不符合此处语境,均排除;而[B]obvious意为“明显的”,干扰性较强,但“like the air they breathe, the water they drink and the food they eat”表明media use的普及程度,而并非是否显而易见,排除[B]。
5. It can be inferred from the passage that generally people believe that______.
A.the more time people spend on media use, the less time they spend on exercising
B.the lightest media users spend more time in studying, exercising and sleeping
C.the heaviest media users are more likely to suffer healthy problems
D.the heaviest media users are more likely to have emotional problems
A B C D
A
推断题。由选项中的the heaviest media users定位至第五段。首句中的reported表明“花大量时间使用媒体设备和花较少时间使用媒体设备的人锻炼时间相差无几”是研究得出的结论,而这个结论是“Contrary to popular wisdom”的,可见大众观点是[A]项内容,故为答案。此处只提到两种人在锻炼时间上差不多,没有涉及学习和睡眠时间,[B]无依据,排除;第五段最后一句表明使用媒体设备和肥胖之间有联系,但这是other-studies的研究成果,没有说是大众看法,排除[C];同理,第六段第二句是本次的研究结论,不是大众看法,排除[D]。
6. It seems that the time children spend on media______.
A.has been unexpectedly increasing
B.is sure to be on the decline soon
C.is not able to increase any more
D.is reported to reach its climax
A B C D
A
推断题。由题干定位至末段。最后两句表明现在的情况和Donald以前的预期不一样,孩子们花在使用媒体设备上的时间又增加了一个小时,故[A]为答案。[B]和[C]与“But now it's up an hour.”矛盾,排除;[D]项是对“saying we've hit a ceiling on media use”的同义转述,但这是他以前研究报告中的观点,不是这次的研究结果,排除。
TEXT D Stress is a word commonly found in today's vocabulary, and is often used to describe modern working and living patterns, especially in big cities. Yet stress has been a part of daily life since time immemorial. Thus it would be more pertinent to define stress as the way in which the human body deals with all kinds of threatening situations, from confrontations with wild, vicious animals, to struggling through a crowded subway station during the early-morning rush hour: the effects on the body being universal. When confronted with a stressful situation the body reacts by releasing a hormone known as ACTH from the posterior pituitary gland situated at the base of the brain. The hormone, traveling through the network of arteries that make up the primary blood supply route, reaches the kidneys, or more specifically, glands situated on the peripheries, where it stimulates the release of adrenaline. This has an antagonistic effect on various bodily functions. That is to say it stimulates a response in certain organs, whilst inhibiting action in others. In other words a type of trade-off is reached, whereby energy saved by shutting down one function is thus used to enhance the performance of a neighbor. In this way, the body can prepare itself fully for the oncoming danger by using, primarily, the same given amount of energy, giving rise to what is known as the fight or flight response. When the fight or flight response is activated, with the release of adrenaline, blood is directed away from non-vital functions such as the skin and digestion, and redirected to the essential organs such as the brain to facilitate thought, the large muscle groups to facilitate speed, and the lungs to increase the amount of oxygen uptake into the bloodstream, whilst the heart beats faster to pump the blood round the body at an increased rate of speed, and raising the blood pressure. Once the stressful situation has passed the opposite occurs, resulting in what is known as the sympathetic rebound. The heart slows down and blood is redirected away from the lungs, brain and muscles, flowing, once more, to every part of the body, whilst digestion resumes. It is, however, the sympathetic rebound, or more specifically, the effects of the sympathetic rebound that lead to the myriad of modern stress-related diseases. Stress, in fact, has been linked to many more common diseases, such as cancer and even the common cold. The reason for this is that during the fight or flight response the body's immune system that fights disease is also shut down, leaving the person more vulnerable to illness, and is, indeed, one of the commonest forms of stress-related problems. Unfortunately, however, modern life is packed full of stressful situations, and costs industry, thus the economy, millions of dollars each year in lost revenue. Traveling to work in the morning, meeting tight deadlines whilst at work, studying to further one's qualifications, paying the mortgage or children's school fees are but a few. Thus, it transpires that stress is a modern day epidemic that urgently needs addressing.
1. The word "pertinent" in Line 3, Para. 1 can be replaced by
2. Facing stress, ______ in the brain releases a hormone to cope with that situation.
A.ACTH
B.the network of arteries
C.pituitary gland
D.the peripheries
A B C D
C
细节题。根据关键词brain releases a hormone在文中的定位,可知文中第二段第一句话里包含答案。“…releasing a hormone known as ACTH from the posterior pituitary gland situated at the base of the brain.”题干中句子只是文中句子的同义解释。所以答案为[C] ,其余为干扰项。
3. Modern stress-related illnesses are believed to be caused by
A.being under constant stress.
B.the aftereffects of stress.
C.modern life styles.
D.the release of adrenaline.
A B C D
B
推断题。根据题干中stress-related illnesses与caused在文中定位到第三段。最后一句“the effects of the sympathetic rebound that lead to the myriad of modem stress-related diseases.”可知身体在对压力的反应的基础上,导致现代与压力相关的疾病的发生。选项[A] 和[C] 在本段中没有提及,[D] 为无用信息,可以排除。
4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the stressful situation in modern life?
A.To pay the mortgage.
B.To commute to the office.
C.To further one's qualifications.
D.To resume digestion.
A B C D
D
细节题。题干中提及the stressful life,由此可以在文中定位到最后段第三句“modem life is packed full of stressful situations,”其后举例介绍了多种压力大的生活,通过排除法,除[D] 外,其余三个选项都与有压力的生活一致,故选[D]
5. The best title for this passage is
A.Stress and the Human Immune System.
B.Stress and the Human Body.
C.Stress and the illness.
D.Stress and the Response of Immune System.
A B C D
B
主旨题。通过扫描文章各段的主题句,文章主要阐述压力及身体对压力所产生的反应,可以推断文章的标题应为[B] Stress和the Human Immune System以及Illness只不过是论述中细化分析的部分,不能作为文章的标题。
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION When people form opinions about someone or something, what affects them most is not substance but style. Is style more important than substance? Write a composition on this issue.
1. Hot controversy has been aroused on the report that at an American spoken English training center for children, students were taught a lot of rude English words. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: SHOULD BAD LANGUAGE BE TAUGHT IN THE ENGLISH CLASS? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your idea is. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Sample 1 [1]Teaching bad language may be considered to be "cool", [2]but I strongly believe that this is not the sort of teaching students need to learn in the classroom. [3]Using bad language in everyday life is already impolite, let alone inside the classroom! [4]Teaching young children "bad language" is most un- suitable for them and teachers should never encourage any students to use bad language. [5]Although the curse words exist in American life and some of them are frequently used, such as in the movies and TV programs, the question is whether students should learn them on purpose. [6]Each language and culture consists of good aspects, which we should absorb, and some repulsive and offensive ones, which we should distinguish. When we learn our mother tongue in the first stage, [7] we are taught to be decent and polite rather than how to curse. So why should we learn purposefully to say dirty words just because they are in English? There are plenty of good words students need to learn. Anyhow, a good teacher who is really suitable for a teaching job should avoid using bad language. [8]I think teachers must not teach any students something bad, especially to children.
Sample 2 Bad language surrounds us in most of our daily routines—films, TV programs and interaction between people. As students, we should be able to understand them. [1]I personaily think it is necessary to deal with bad language and discuss its appropriate use in the classroom. [2]Children have plenty of opportunities to find examples of "bad language", especially in films, If a student feels curious about it, the teacher should provide some information and help students understand it. [3]Second language learners acquire language from many other sources as well as from the classroom. Active learners will seek opportunities to try out new language. [4]However, non-native speakers cannot really know how offensive the swear words can be to native speakers. [5]It is the teacher who should help pupils be aware of the fact that the use of swear words is usually considered as more inappropriate when used by foreigners.[6]In addition, it is the teacher's duty to ensure that students are able to understand—and react to—bad language used against them. [7]Children are naturally curious about swear words. [8]I believe it's better to just tell them what they mean. Students need to know and understand these phrases and expressions but never use them.
Analysis 1 [1] 点明自己的立场:课堂上不应该回避脏话。副词personally和形容词ap- propriate起到限制范围的作用,使表达客观。 [2] 学生在日常生活中经常会接触到一些脏话。plenty of是语言亮点。 [3] as well as用作并列连词时,着重点是它前面的词。 [4] However表转折,起承,亡启下的作用, offensive是关键词。 [5] 用It is...who强调句型说明老师应该起到的作用,即老师应该让学生了解脏话的意义以及使用时的忌讳。 [6] In addition表示意思递进。 [7] 副词naturally使表达贴切。 [8] 用I believe重申观点:学生了解脏话无可厚非,它毕竟是语言的一部分,但是老师不应该教学生使用它。 Analysis 2 [1] [2]用他人看法引出自己的立场:强烈反对在课堂上教授粗俗的语言。strongly表明态度坚决。 [3] let alone是亮点词汇,意为“更不用说”。 [4] 用most和never强调立场:不应该在课堂上教孩子学脏话。 [5] Although引导让步状语从句。 [6] repulsive and offensive是语言亮点。 [7] 论述应该教孩子学习语言中的精华而非糟粕。要教会孩子如何礼貌用语,而非出口成“脏”。 [8] 结论:教师应该教孩子学好。
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
1. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Write to your friend David/Amy and invite him/her to your 20th birthday party at your home. You should tell him/her who are invited and something about the party. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
[范文] Oct. 20th Dear David, I'm writing to invite you to join my 20th birthday party at my home at 6 pm on Sunday, October 29. I have invited many of my classmates, some of whom you have met before. There will be lots of entertainments and plenty of food and drink. You can be dressed casually. I do hope to see you at my birthday party. Affectionately, Lin Qiang