Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Ability and Good Looks. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
Left-behind Children in the Countryside Every year, millions of people from rural areas ①pour into cities to find jobs. ①And the phenomenon of left-behind children is prevalent. ②Left-behind children are suffering a series of problems. They are not taken good care of by their parents because of the distance. Therefore, many of them are rather weak physically and psychologically. Besides, they are easily led astray due to the absence of parental love and guidance. ③In my opinion, measures should be taken to solve the problem. Firstly, both people in the Cities and countryside should endeavor to offer love and concern to these children. The parents in particular should not make money③at the sacrifice of ignorance of their children. Secondly, policies should be implemented so that children from countryside can also ③have access to educational opportunities, medical care and other services in the city. Finally, it is urgent to develop economy in the rural areas, so that people can get well-paid jobs near their homes.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Ways to Take It to the Next Level' No matter what you're doing, there comes a time when you are going to want to take things up a notch. Maybe it's your career--even if things are going along fine right now, ultimately you'd like to get a promotion, increase your client base, or reach a larger audience. Or maybe it's a hobby that you think you'd like to turn into a career. Getting started with anything can be a struggle, but once you reach a certain level of success, it can be hard to figure out how to make whatever it is you do truly remarkable. The things we do have' a way of developing their own inertia, and if we're not careful, we get carried along in the routine without ever realizing the full potential of what we and our lives can be. How can you shake things up a bit? What do you have to do to take your project, your career, your product, or your life to the next level? Read on... 1. Build Your Brand The strength of your brand is how well you are associated with whatever you do. When people hear the word "lifehack", they think of personal productivity, and when they hear "personal productivity" they think of lifehack. It's a pretty strong brand. Some people have equally strong brands: when you hear about permission marketing, chances are you think of Seth Godin. How strongly is your name linked with what you do? What could you do to link them more strongly? Some things to consider: · Traditional marketing: Commercials, print ads, billboards, bus wraps--anything that gets your name and message in people's faces. There are a few problems, though: people might mistake .your message, linking you with the wrong specialty; people tend to tune out a lot of advertising as a survival mechanism; people often respond negatively to blatant (炫耀的) branding efforts; it's quite expensive. · blogging: A blog is a conversation with your audience, and can help build up a loyal following that actually cares about what you do. · Word-of-mouth: Hard to create and hard to fake, but very effective. Seek out people with a great deal of influence and focus on convincing them of your value. If Seth Godin wrote on his blog that you were the best web writer he knew of, we can bet that within the day your career would be at the next level (maybe the level after that, even!). 2. Build Your Audience Make a concerted effort to increase the number of people who know about you. Branding is part of this, but it's not all of it. Give something away, find a new outlet, tell everyone you meet what-you do, hand out cards wherever you go, show up at conferences and exhibitions, go to your kids' classrooms and talk about what you do ( and make it interesting enough that they tell their parents). Make yourself useful so people have a compelling reason to pay attention. 3. Increase Your Output Give your audience, whoever that is, more of what they expect from you. Double, triple, or sextuple your output. If you're a writer, write twice as much. If you're an actor, get into more plays. If you're a filmmaker, pledge to produce four short films this year instead of one. Make a painting a day. Aim to top your sales quotas by 50% every month. Do whatever it takes to make yourself more productive. Learn to do whatever you do in half the time--then halve it again. 4. Improve Your Output Make whatever you make twice as well. Improve the quality of your work until people have no choice but to stop and gape(目瞪口呆). Create standards for your output, and aim to top them every single time. Take classes, read book, follow a mentor, practice twice as much, commit yourself to doing what it takes to master your craft or profession. 5. Expand Your Niche (合适的位置、职业) Do what you do now but with a wider outlook. If you write about dogs, start writing about pets in general. If you sell widgets, get into the widget case business. If you're a musician, learn how to produce. Think about the people whose needs you aren't meeting, and figure out how to meet them. Don't try to create a new niche altogether, just look for ways to complement and leverage (影响) the work you're already doing. 6. Restrict Your Niche Or, do the opposite. Focus yourself on a narrow part of your niche until you're the only one doing it. If you write about sports, write about baseball, then write about left-handed pitchers. If you make household appliances, make appliances for college students (and then for left-handed college students, maybe). If you paint landscapes, paint trees. If you do marketing consulting, offer viral marketing techniques that work with teenage boys. Become the person people have to go to when they have very specialized needs, because you're the only one that does it. 7. Cross-Develop Figure out how to use what you know in an entirely different way. If you coach little leaguers, write a book about coaching. If you offer one-on-one organization coaching, work with a developer to create home organization software. If you're a TV camera operator, tutor middle schoolers in video podcasting. Find a new way to challenge yourself and put your knowledge to the test--while developing new knowledge and skills. 8. Expand Your Network Your audience are the people who buy, read, or otherwise use your product; your network are the people that help you make it, market it, or distribute it. Focus on building strong relationships with a variety of people both in and out of your profession. Don't try to fake it--strong relationships have to be genuine or they won't last. Join a social networking site like Linked In and work it like mad. Go to trade shows, conferences, and exhibitions and talk to every exhibitor and every presenter. Make a list of 20 people in your field you want to know and e-mail them introductions. Build relationships with your 10 best clients. Build relationships with someone from your top competitors (if that's legal). Join a professional organization and run for an office. Obviously these are not all exclusive--you can and sometimes have to do more than one at the same time. And they're not all necessary--some even contradict others. But all of them shake up your routines and make people pay attention to you, whether those people are potential clients, potential customers, or potential partners. None of these are keys to instant success. All of them require hard work and time to show any effect. If you're ready to take it to the next level--and you're ready to put in the work and commitment that entails--then go through the list and ask yourself how each item could help get you there.
1. According to the author, the brand you use apparently reveals your social status and personalities.
N
[定位] 由题干中the brand可定位到第一个小标题下首段首句The strength of your brand is how well you are associated with whatever you do。 [精解] 段首处设题。本题考查对自我标榜的认识。根据原句可知,自我标榜是指自我与自我作为的联系程度,因此题干中说自我标榜解释了自身的社会地位和个性的说法与原文不符。
2. Traditional strategy of making oneself advertised may sometimes bring unexpected negative effect apart from high cost.
Y
[定位] 根据unexpected negative effect 和 high cost可定位到第一个小标题下第二段列举的第一点中末句最后部分...people often respond negatively to blatant branding efforts;it's quite expensive. [精解] 复杂句及特殊标点符号处设题。本题考查大众对自我标榜的态度。原文未句主干部分谈到自我标榜会带来问题,之后冒号内部分将问题具体罗列,该句最后罗列的内容respond negatively 和 it's quite expensive与题干对应,因此题干说法与原文相符。
3. To build your audience, you'd better catch the opportunities to be acquainted with people and try to catch their attention on you.
Y
[定位] 由题干中acquainted with people 和 attention 可分别定位到第二个小标题下首句Make a concerted effort to increase the number of people who know about you 和末句Make yourself useful so people have a compelling reason to pay attention. [精解] 段落首尾处设题。本题考查争取听众的方法、手段。第二个小标题下首句部分与题干中catch the opportunities to be acquainted with people相符;末句与题干中catch their attention on you相符,闪此题干的说法是正确的。
4. Increasing one's output turns out to be the most important strategy in fulfilling the self-improvement.
NG
[定位] 由题干中increase your output可定位到第三个小标题下。 [精解] 段落中心大意处设题。本题考查多产与个人发展的关系。根据原文第一个小标题下内容大意可知,该段主要陈述了多产的目的和方法,并未将该策略在个人发展中的重要性排列,题干说法在文中并未提及。
5. To improve your output, you'd better create a standard for your output and are determined to overtake it
every single time
[定位] 由题干中output和standard 可定位到第四个小标题第三句Create standards for your output,and aim to top them every single time. [精解] 此处要求填入状语,来修饰全句。本题考查提高工作质量的方法。第四个小标题第三句说要想提高质量就要为自己工作制定标准,而后每次都要超越原有标准。因此原句中every single time符合题干的要求,即为答案。
6. It's advised to extend your professional interests to fields that complement and leverage the work
you're already doing
[定位] 由题干中complement和leverage可定位到第五个小标题下末句Don't try to create a new niche altogether,just look for ways to complement and leverage the work you're already doing. [精解] 此处要求填入部分修饰前面名词the work。本题考查扩大视野与目前工作的关系。根据原句中look for ways to complement(做的事要与目前工作相互补充)及leverage the work you're already doing(所做之事要对目前工作产生巨大影响)可判断you're already doing符合要求。
7. If you are outstanding in certain field, you are more likely to be relied on when people have
very specialized needs
[定位] 由题干中certain field可定位到第六个小标题下末句Become the person people have to go to when they have very specialized needs,because you're the only one that does it. 此处,certain field 和 specialized needs呼应。 [精解] 此处要求填入名词性短语,作have的宾语。本题考查精于专业知识的意义。根据原句可知,精于专业知识,当人们有这方面的专门需求时,便会受人青睐。因此原句中when引导的状语从句宾语即为本题答案。
8. Using what you know in other fields offers you the chance not only to test the knowledge but also to develop ______.
new knowledge and skills
[定位] 由题干中test the knowledge可定位到第七个小标题下末句Find a new way to challenge yourself and put your knowledge to the test—while developing new knowledge and skills. [精解] 此处要求填入名词性短语作develop的宾语。本题考查在某一领域内的知识在其他领域的应用情况,原句破折号后部分是对原有知识运用的进一步阐释,可知developing new knowledge and skills是原有知识发展的结果,故可得答案new knowledge and skills。
9. It's necessary for you to build sincere relationships with people in your profession as well as those ______.
out of your profession
[定位] 由题干中your profession可定位到第八个小标题下首段第二句Focus on building strong relationships with a variety of people both in and out of your profession. [精解] 本题考查应与何人建立真诚的关系。根据题干as well as短语可判断,其后部分应与前面的in your profession并列。原句中介词短语out of your profession符合文意,且满足题干语法需要,即为答案。
10. People as potential clients, customers, or partners help you to be noticed by others and to _____.
shake up your routines
[定位] 由题干中potential clients,customers,or partners可定位到第八个小标题下第二段第三句But all of them shake up...to you,whether those...,potential customers,or potential partners. [精解] 此处要求填入动词短语与and前的动词不定式短语并列。本题考查潜在的客户、合作伙伴等对个人的发展所起的作用,根据原文意思,原句中与make people pay attention to you并列的shake up your routines即为本题答案。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
B.The artist's unexpected tragedy is a great pity.
C.The artist's paintings are actually worthless.
D.People should've recognized the artist's value earlier.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: I really like Van Gore's work. I can feel a kind of uncontrollable passion in his paintings. And his masterpieces are really invaluable now. M: Yes, I know. The national museum has a collection of his paintings, but I wonder why people accepted him only after his death. Q: What does the man mean?
[听力原文] M: I'm sorry I missed the football game, but I had a terrible cold. W: You didn't miss anything. We couldn't have played worse. Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] 分析选项可知,对话与足球比赛有关。男士说“真遗憾,因为感冒我错过了足球比赛。”女士回答说“你什么也没错过,我们队踢得不能再差了。”故答案为[B]。couldn't have 意为“不能再…”。
3.
A.He is very forgetful.
B.He likes to play tricks.
C.His tests are difficult.
D.It is easy to pass his course.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] W: Do you know anything about Prof. Smith's class? M: If you are looking for an easy course, forget it. Prof. Smith writes the trickiest exams in the department. Q: What do we learn about Prof. Smith?
D.He doesn't have enough money to buy a printer now.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: Have you saved enough money to buy that new printer for your computer yet? M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket recently. Let's just wait and see. Maybe next month. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] 选项表明,对话可能与男士买打印机有关。对话中男士用burning a hole in my pocket 形象地说自己花钱很多。由此可知男士没有足够的钱再买打印机,故答案为[D]。
5.
A.Fuel cannot be transported to the northeastern states.
B.There are too few houses in the northeast.
C.People in the northeast are inexperienced in dealing with snow.
D.Cold weather in the northeast has increased the demand for fuel.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: The northeast is experiencing a really terrible winter. Fuel supplies are running low and a lot of people can't even keep their houses adequately heated. M: I guess that's why fuel prices have gone up across the nation. Q: What do we know from the conversation?
D.The donkeys will carry the woman's personal items.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] W: I'm really looking forward to this trip with our geology class. But I'm not certain I have the strength to carry a backpack up and down the mountain, especially when it's full of tools. M: They are taking two donkeys to carry the tools. We just have to carry our personal items, the clothing and sleeping bags. Q: What does the man mean?
[听力原文] W: I still can't get over the show last Saturday evening. I keep haying nightmares all night. M: So, next time before you walk into a theatre, make sure what you are going to see. I don't want to hear your complaints again and it is kind of wasting money, too. Q: What can we infer from this conversation?
[听力原文] W: Why are you so tired and upset? M: I've been taking the history course this term. But the trouble is that I'll never get through the reading list. Q: Why is the man worried?
D.Having a good rest will help Mike with the exam.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] . M: Mike said he's going to stay up all night studying for his geography exam tomorrow morning. W: Wouldn't he be better off getting a good night sleep so he'll feel fresh in the morning? Q: What does the woman mean? [一点即通] 女士反问男士,晚上睡个好觉第二天上午精神饱满,是不是更好一些。可见女士认为好好休息一下将对Mike第二天上午的考试很有好处,故选D项。
10.
A.Take the wallet to the reception desk.
B.Look for the owner of the wallet in the company.
C.Ask the receptionist for help.
D.Put the wallet back in the elevator.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] M: On my way up to our company I found this wallet in the elevator. What do you think I should do? W: As far as I am concerned, there is no other option than to take it to the receptionist. The lost-and-found box's there. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? [一点即通] 女士说没有比把钱包送到前台接待处更好的办法了,并且建议放到失物招领的箱子里。故选A项。
11.
A.Professor Smith will help Mary to take the course simultaneously.
B.Mary will probably postpone taking the course of statistics.
C.Mary will require taking the accounting course first.
D.Mary will take the course of Professor Smith.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] W: Mary wants to take statistics this year, but according to the requirements, she has to take the accounting course first. M: She may ask Professor Lee Smith if she could take them simultaneously. But I think all he can do is to say no. Q: What can you learn from the conversation? [一点即通] 女士提到,根据规定,玛丽必须先选会计学;男士认为玛丽可以询问李·史密斯教授能否同时选修两门课,但李·史密斯教授也只能给以否定回答,因此玛丽可能会推迟选修统计学。故选B项。
12.
A.To try playing a new game.
B.Not to worry about his grades.
C.To spend more time on his studies.
D.To teach them how to play the games.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] M: I'm getting worried about our son. All he talks about these days is the games and all he does is practice. W: His grades will fall for sure. Let's have a talk with him when he's back and talk some sense into him. Q: What are the speakers probably going to tell their son? [一点即通] 男士提到儿子最近沉湎于玩游戏,女士认为这肯定会使他的成绩下降,应该在儿子回来后给他讲讲道理。可见这对父母是想让他们的儿子多花点时间学习,而非游戏。故选C项。
13.
A.He is not interested in the competition.
B.He doesn't know if the super girl was successful.
C.He can't follow the state competition.
D.He thinks the super girl of last week was eliminated.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] W: Do you know whether the super girl of last week was promoted to the state competition or got eliminated? M: Actually, I haven't been following her progress this week. Q: What does the man imply? [一点即通] 男士回答,他这个周根本就没关注超级女生的比赛进展情况,可知他根本就不知道那名超级女生是否顺利晋级全国比赛。故选B项。
14.
A.In a library.
B.In a cinema.
C.In a literature class.
D.In a history class.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] W: Could you please tell me where I can find Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe? M: Sure. It should be over there with all the novels. They are arranged alphabetically by group. Q: Where is the conversation probably taking place? [一点即通] 男士询问《鲁滨逊漂流记》的所在,女士回答它与其他的小说按字母序分组放在那边。由此推断,对话可能发生在图书馆,故选A项。
15.
A.She will be absent in the next class.
B.She will help the professor hand out the course outline.
C.She will copy the outline by herself.
D.She will go to the office of the professor.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: Excuse me, Professor Anderson. I was absent from the last class and I heard that's when you handed out the course outline. Do you have an extra copy? M: I don't have anyone with me now. But there may be a few left in my office. Why don't you stop by after the class? Q: What will the woman probably do? [一点即通] 男土回答可能有剩余的课程大纲放在办公室里.并建议女士下课后顺便去办公室去取,因此女士可能会去男士的办公室。故选D项。
16.
A.Her brother wants to rent a room with another person.
B.Her brother can take the man to the picnic.
C.Her brother wants to share his room with another person.
D.Her brother wants someone else to go to the picnic with him.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] M: I feel like going for a picnic by the lake this weekend, but my car is at the garage to be fixed. W: My brother is going too. I think his SUV has room for another person. Q: What does the woman mean? [一点即通] 男士说想去野餐,但是汽车在修理店等待维修,女士回答她他哥哥也要去,并认为他车上还可以容纳一人,可见女士想告诉男士她哥哥可以开车带男士去野餐。故选B项。
[听力原文]22-25 W: I think if you want to get some excitement in your life you ought to become a leader. M: Yes. I feel a totally different life when I have our company. W: Could you give me some suggestions on how to be a good leader? M: I think the biggest mistake many people have is that they don't realize there are two parts of leadership. I think leadership comprises visionary direction and implementation. W: What are they exactly? M: [22] Visionary direction part is where we are going. What are we trying to accomplish? And the leaders have to take a major role in setting those. And once the goals are clear, [23] the second part of leadership is how to get there. W: What's your outlook on those who want to lead and organize their own businesses? M: Well, I think [24] first of all you have to find something you love to do. Then you have to find out how you can make a business out of that. Then come the big issues in running a business. W: That is the thing I am most concerned. M: Not to be eliminated, you need a good finance. You need to have some people to help get off the ground and then you gradually learn about managing and leading people. W: Say I am someone who is just now entering the work force. I am excited and passionate about what I have chosen to do but somehow I have to keep the passion. How can I maintain that 'kind of excitement so that I can excel? M: I think [25] the best advice is that when you go to a iob, find somebody who is older than you, who has more experience than you and ask him if he would be your counselor. 22. What is the visionary direction for being a leader?. [解析] 听到领导能力有两方面时就应该注意下文的具体解释。本题为第一方面,答案为原文的同义表达。 [点睛] 抓住选项的中心名词进行听音。
18.
A.The rewards for the leader.
B.The reputation of a leader.
C.The approach to achieving goals.
D.The payment of employees.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What is the implementation for being a leader? [解析] 本题为领导能力的第二方面,答案也是原文的同义表达。 [点睛] 并列结构应该一一记录,同等重视。
19.
A.Find something you are passionate about.
B.Learn how to run a business.
C.Make a business Out of something.
D.Learn how to manage and lead people.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What is the first thing to do if someone wants to open his own business? [解析] 动词原形表建议,注意听原文中这类信息。当被问及对于自己想开公司的人的看法时,男士的第一条建议就是“热爱”自己要做的事,即A中的 passionate。 [点睛] 对话中有人发问时要注意另外一个人的回答。First,last这类词后面的信息往往是考查之处。
20.
A.Avoid the difficult part in the job.
B.Ask the company for help.
C.Learn hard by working extra hours.
D.Find a more experienced counselor.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] How to maintain the excitement when you just enter a job? [解析] 最后一条建议的关键词是experience和counselor,均体现在D中。 [点睛] 出现了最高级的地方:the best advice,往往是命题所在,需要格外留意。
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
[听力原文]26-28 Sales of laptop computers passed desktops in the U. S. for the first time ever this fall, according to market-research firm IDC. But that's bad news for backs, necks and shoulders. "Theoretically, laptops are not healthy for human bodiesunless you're 2 feet tall," says physician Norman J. Marcus, a muscle-pain specialist in New York City. (26) When you work at a computer, the keyboard should be at elbow height, so your upper and lower arms form an angle of 90 degrees or more and your forearms are supported by armrests. The monitor should be roughly at eye level so you can lean back in a chair with back support. But most users simply set their laptops on a desk or table. The keyboard is too high, which makes your arms reach up, your shoulders hunch and your wrists bend down. The monitor is too low, which pulls your head and neck forward and down and puts a strain on your back. That's OK if you use your laptop occasionally, for short periods. (27)But if you use one for hours at a stretch--as do millions of college students, business travelers, telecommuters, video-garners and growing numbers of office workers--you're setting yourself up for muscle problems that can make your entire upper body hurt. A wrong position can cause pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, back and arms, as well as headaches. (28) There are simple ways to make a laptop healthier. And the key is to separate the keyboard and the monitor, so each can be placed at the proper height. 26.What is the main idea of this passage?
[听力原文] 26-28 The winter gift-giving season is responsible for twenty percent of all retail spending at American businesses. But how and when people buy holiday gifts is changing. Record numbers of Americans are turning to the Internet. More than 100 million people are expected to buy something online this holiday season. Traditionally, the biggest shopping day of the year was in late November on the day after Thanksgiving. People still call it "Black Friday." The idea was that it could push businesses "into the black"-the traditional color for recording profits. Red is for debts. But now the busiest days are right before Christmas. Many people wait for last-minute price reductions. With the rise of the Internet, the National Retail Federation came up with a new term. "Cyber Monday" is the Monday after Thanksgiving. The idea is that many people look in stores over the weekend. Then, to save time, they order online using the Internet at their jobs when they return back to work. Cyber Monday is a big day online. But market researchers at ComScore Networks reported that the biggest day of the holiday season so far was December thirteenth. The company said people spent almost 670 million dollars at American sites that day. That did not include travel sites. ComScore estimates that online spending during this holiday season will reach almost 25 billion dollars that is 25 percent over last year. Online selling makes it easier for businesses to react to changing conditions. It costs less to change the advertising on a Web site than in stores. [解析] 短文说,传统上来说,一年当中最大的购物日是在11月底,也就是Thanksgiving的后一天,称之为“黑色星期五”。故答案是C。 [点睛] 从选项的提示词day,猜测题目与某个重要的日子有关。根据原文,black指的是商家账本上记录利润的颜色,应该是lucky而不是unlucky,故排除A。传统上最忙的购物日是Black Friday,但现在变为Christmas的前几天,故排除B和D。
[听力原文] 30-32 Early in tbe age of richness that followed World War Ⅱ,an American retailing analyst proclaimed that our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life,that we seek our spiritual satisfaction,our own satisfaction,in consumption.We need things consumed,burned up,worn out,replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate. (30)Americans have responded to his call and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central task of life in industrial lands and is become one of the social values. Over consumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth.The exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or inevitably spoil forests,soils,water,air and climate. Ironically,high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms,too.(31)The time-honored values of integrity of character,good work,friendship,family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—misled by a consumerist culture,they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social.psychological and spiritual needs with material things. Of course,the opposite of overconsunlption—poverty—is no solution tO either environmental or human problems.It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too.The poor peasants burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America,and hungry farmers turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland,reducing it to desert. (32)If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much,we are left to wonder how much is enough.What level of consumption can the earth support? What did the emergence of the rich society after World War Ⅱ lead to? [听前预测] 选项都是名词性短语,推断问题可能与某个社会现象或者文章主旨大意有关。 [答案详解] 事实细节题【考频:87】。文章开头捕写了二战后美国经济迅速发展,经济分析家号召人们尽情消费,并接着指出所有美国人都响应这一号召,甚至整个世界都开始尽情消费,掀起了商品消费的热潮。
8.
A.Because poverty still exists in an rich society.
B.Because over consumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.
C.Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.
D.Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.
A B C D
C
Why does the author say high corlsumption is a mixed blessing? [听前预测] 通过选项可知本题询问某件事情的消极原因。听录音时注意问题涉及的事件内容。 [答案详解] 推理判断题【考频:41】。文中指出,人们为了追求财富.不惜牺牲历史悠久的种种优良传统,如正直的品质、良好的工作、友谊、家庭和社区等等.所以说追求高消费的现象是件忧喜参半的事。
9.
A.Human spiritual needs should match material richness.
B.Whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue.
C.How to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem.
D.There is never an end to satisfying people's material needs.
A B C D
C
What can be inferred from the passage? [听前预测] 选项内容概述的是社会当中有关消费现象的一个客观事实,问题可能涉及对文章内容的概括或归纳。 [答案详解] 推理判断题【考频:41】。文章最后提出人类对物质的过度的需求会造成环境的彻底毁灭。作者还提出了两个问题:人类到底想要多少?地球能够承受的消费水平到底是怎样的?因此可推断出,人类还不知道到底怎样才能将自己的消费控制在合理的范同内。
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. A researcher says lead in the environment could be a major cause of violence by young people. Doctor Herbert Needleman is a professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania. He says the 1 of lead in the brain changes the neurons that control actions and that can cause a person to act in antisocial and 2 ways. Lead is a metal that is 3 dangerous to babies and young children. They can get it into their bodies by breathing or 4 lead dust, or by eating soil or pieces of lead paint. Children with high levels of lead can 5 brain and nervous system damage, learning 6 , slow growth, headaches and hearing loss. In the 19th century, Doctor Needleman found lower scores on 7 tests even in children who did not have such signs of lead 8 . After that, lead was removed from gasoline and paint in the United States. Yet many homes still have old lead paint. Lead was also used in older water pipes. In fact, 9 . The newest research shows that even very small amounts of lead in bones can affect brain development. 10 . In 2008, such tests were done on 190 young people who were in jail and the findings showed that their average levels were higher than normal. And, in 2002, 11 . Yet these levels were still considered safe by the government.
[听力原文]36-46 A researcher says lead in the environment could be a major cause of violence by young people. Doctor Herbert Needleman is a professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania. He says the presence of lead in the brain changes the neurons that control actions and that can cause a person to act in antisocial and criminal ways. Lead is a metal that is especially dangerous to babies and young children. They can get it into their bodies by breathing or swallowing lead dust, or by eating soil or pieces of lead paint. Children with high levels of lead can suffer brain and nervous system damage, learning disabilities , slow growth, headaches and hearing loss. In the 19th century, Doctor Needleman found lower scores on intelligence tests even in children who did not have such signs of lead poisoning. After that, lead was removed from gasoline and paint in the United States. Yet many homes still have old lead paint. Lead was also used in older water pipes. In fact,officials just announced stronger testing and reporting requirements as from next year for lead in American drinking water.The newest research shows that even very small amounts of lead in bones can affect brain development.A simple blood test can measure lead except that an X-ray process is needed to measure levels in bone. In 2008, such tests were done on 190 young people who were in jail and the findings showed that their average levels were higher than normal. And, in 2002,300 children were studied and the test scores showed higher levels of aggression and learning problems, in those with increased levels of lead. Yet these levels were still considered safe by the government.
officials just announced stronger testing and reporting requirements as from next year for lead in American drinking water
[听音关键] officials, announced, stronger testing and reporting requirements, next year, lead in drinking water [答案重构] officials announced stronger testing and reporting requirements from next year on lead in American drinking water [画龙点睛] 注意原文中的比较级stronger,as from相当于from,意为“从……起”。
10.
A simple blood test can measure lead except that an X-ray process is needed to measure levels in bone
[听音关键] blood test, measure, lead, except, X-ray process,levels in bone [答案重构] A simple blood test can measure lead, but an X-ray process is needed to measure levels in bone [画龙点睛] except that意为“只可惜”,表示转折,可用but来代替。
11.
300 children were studied and the test scores showed higher levels of aggression and learning problems, in those with increased levels of lead
[听音关键] 300 children,test scores,higher levels of aggression, learning problems, increased levels of lead [答案重构] 300 children were studied and the test scores showed more aggression and learning problem in those with increased levels of lead [画龙点睛] 这句较长,可用more代替higher 1evels of进行简化。
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2. Something weird is happening in the once marginal world of environmentalism. The green cause is no longer th9 preserve of woolly-minded liberals and fringe activists. Its tenets are being actively pursued by business leaders, stockholders and investment managers. In the popular mind-set, natural disasters such as New Orleans' Hurricane Katrina and floods in Eastern Europe are now linked to a change in climate that threatens our way of life and our grand-children's future. Environmental concerns have grown so widespread that conservative politicians once skeptical of the green movement have been reacting to the pressure. The most startling turnaround, however, is among business leaders. Corporations are giving themselves green makeovers to improve efficiency, save money and look more attractive to investors and the public. According to a recent report from the Climate Group, an international environmental charity,43 multinationals--including Bayer, BT and DuPont-saved a combined $11.6 billion last year by improving energy efficiency, reducing waste output and harnessing solar power. General Electric's Ecomagination campaign to cut carbon emissions, partly by selling low-emissions products ranging from power plants to fluorescent light bulbs, raked in $ 10.1 billion last year, up from $ 6.2 billion in 2004. Their slogan: "Green is green", as in the color of American dollar bills. Investment analysts are starting to see the environmental awareness of managers as a barometer of the likely long-term success of their companies. Green policies, they say, tend to indicate hands-on management, high consumer confidence and good corporate governance. HSBC won't do deals with companies on projects, like oil pipelines through Russia, that don't measure up to the environmental, social and governance standards. The world's two largest insurance companies, Swiss Re and Munich Re, are now taking companies' policies on climate change into consideration when determining risk. "We believe that operating in a sustainable fashion is a proxy (代理人) for good management practices overall, "says Chris Walker, head of sustainable business development at Swiss Re. "They're the type of companies we're more comfortable doing business with."
1. The green cause has ceased to be the exclusive domain of ______.
liberals and activists
[定位] 根据题干中的the green cause定位到原文第一段第二句The green cause is no longer the preserve of woolly-minded liberals and fringe activists. [精解] 原文意为“环保事业再也不是头脑混乱的自由主义者和偏执的活动家们的专属领地了”。题干中has ceased to be the exclusive domain of意为“已不再是……的专属领域”,是对原文中is no longer the preserve of的同义转述,故答案为liberals and activists。
2. The most astonishing change of attitudes on green movement has taken place amid ______.
business leaders
[定位] 根据题干中的green movement和the most astonishing定位到第二段前两句Environmental concerns have grown so widespread that conservative politicians once skeptical of the green movement have been reacting to the pressure. The most starting turnaround,however,is among business leaders. [精解] 原文第二段第一句提到政治家们在环保问题上的态度发生了变化,但是第二句指出,然而最令人惊奇的态度转变发生在商业领袖中间,题干中的the most astonishing change of attitude是对the most starling turnaround的同义转述,amid是among的同义词,故答案为business leaders。
3. The Ecomagination campaign contributes to carbon emission reduction by ______.
selling low-emission products
[定位] 根据题干中的Ecomagination campaign定位到原文第二段倒数第二句General Electric's Ecomagination campaign to cut carbon emissions,partly by selling low-emissions products ranging from power plants to fluorescent light bulbs... [精解] 题目问的是Ecomagination“绿色创想”活动如何促进碳排放的减少,分析倒数第二句的句子结构,partly by selling...作伴随状语修饰to cut carbon emissions,该句意为“绿色创想”活动通过出售低碳产品以减少碳排放,题干中的carbon emission reduction是原文to cut carbon emissions的同义转述,故答案为selling low-emission products。
4. HSBC would reject a project if it fails to meet ______.
the environmental,social and governance standards
[定位] 根据题干中的HSBC定位到第三段第三句HSBC won't do deals with companies on projects,like oil pipelines through Russia,that don't measure up to the environmental,social and governance standards. [精解] 题干意为“如果某项目不符合……那么汇丰银行将会拒绝考虑该项目”。原文意为“如果公司的项目不符合相关的环境、社会,管理标准,汇丰银行将不会与之进行该项目的合作”。题干中的reject是对原文won't do deals with companies on projects的同义转述,meet是对measure up to的同义转述,后接名词或代词作宾语,故答案为the environmental,social and governance standards。
5. According to Munich Re, risk assessment now also depends on ______.
Companies’ policies on climate change
[定位] 根据题干中的Munich Re定位到第三段第四句The world's two largest insurance companies,Swiss Re and Munich Re.are now taking companies' policies on climate change into consideration when determining risk. [精解] 原文意为“瑞士再保险公司和Munich Re慕尼黑再保险公司在进行风险评估时会把企业的环保政策也考虑在内。”题干中的depends on是对原文taking...into consideration的转述,risk assessment是对determining risk的同义转述,故答案为companies' policies on climate change。
Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is "yes", then you are either extremely permissive. If your answer is "no", then you are exercising your right as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as a censor yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong case for censorship. Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents' responsibility to provide it. But what about adults ? Aren't they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but don't make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like you. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, censorship contributes to the common good. Some people think that it is disgraceful that a censor should interfere with works of art. Who is this person, they say, to ban this great book or cut that great film? No one can set himself up as a superior being. But we must remember two things. Firstly, where genuine works of art are concerned, modern censors are extremely liberal in their views-often far more liberal than a large section of the public. Artistic merit is something which censors clearly recognize. And secondly, we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being "works of art". When discussing censorship, therefore, we should not confine our attention to great masterpieces, but should consider the vast numbers of publications and films which make up the bulk of the entertainment industry. When censorship laws are relaxed, immoral people are given a license to produce virtually anything in the name of "art". There is an increasing tendency to equate artistic with "pornographic". The vast market for pornography would rapidly be exploited. One of the great things that censorship docs is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue in favor of absolute freedom is to argue in favor of anarchy. Society would really be the poorer if it deprived itself of the wise counsel and the restraining influence which a censor provides.
1. Permissive parents would ______.
A.let their children read any books they like to
B.not let their children see any films they like to
C.not let their children read any books without first checking their contents
D.let their children see the films with their first checking
Passage Two Genetically Modified (转基因的) crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops and products are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Farmers' representatives say that supplies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused entry at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material. Under Europe's "zero-tolerance" laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out an entire shipment. The animal feed industry says that the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given today's global supply chain. "Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we don't understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade," says Pekka Pesonen, secretary general of Copa-Cogeca, a federation of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He claims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard -say 0.5 percent beneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says such "tolerances" operate for other pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world? Last year 200 000 tons of conventional animal feed mainly soy and corn—were refused entry to the EU when they were found to contain small amounts of GM corn varieties. Then flax (亚麻) from Canada was found to contain traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejected tonnage is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments. Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen, owing to natural disaster in South America and a growing market for American farmers selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Increasing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, but that is predicted to double twice by 2015, making screening more difficult than ever. A further conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed imports have already taken place. "Once the new commission is established, it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter," she says.
1. European laws against GM products ______.
A.manage to function
B.bring troubles to farmers
C.help farmers to get safe animal feed
D.allow food with insignificant amount of GM
A B C D
B
[定位] 由题干中European,laws和GM定位到第一段第二句It seems even in Europe,strict laws…instead are posing problems for the EU. [精析] 细节辨认题[考频:55] 。第一段第二句中posing problems“把问题强加给”,含有负面意义。文中提到,农民代表说家禽和生猪的饲料供应,只要被发现含有微量的转基因成分就被禁止进入欧洲港口,由此可见欧盟针对转基因产品的法律给农民带来了麻烦,所以B)为正确答案。 避错 第一段第二句中提到strict laws…are not working,因此A)“成功有效”与之相悖;由同一句中的not working和posing problems可知,C)“有助于农民得到安全的动物饲料”与原文内容不符;第一段最后一句提到“含有微量的转基因成分就被禁止进入欧洲港口”,D)“允许含微量的转基因食品”与此相悖,故排除。
2. Taking nowadays supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that ______.
A.GM material is universal
B.European laws are impractical
C.only the international supply chain can work out
D.goods should be prohibited once any GM stuff is found
A B C D
B
[定位] 由题干supply chain,the animal feed industry定位到第二段第二句The animal feed industry says that the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable,given today's global supply chain. [精析] 细节推断题[考频:99] 。题干中的take…into account意为“考虑到”,与原文中的given是同义替换。第一段第二句中提到,动物饲料业者认为当今的全球供应链使得转基因原料几乎无法避免,由此可见他们认为这种政策并不可行。B)中impractical“不实用”与原文中unworkable“行不通”意思相符,因此选B)。 避错 A)“转基因作物无处不在”,在文中首句就提到,但这是事实,而非“动物饲料业者”的想法;文中提到,是全球供应链使得转基因原料几乎无法避免,所以国际供应链不能解决问题,故C)错误;D)“一旦发现转基因食品一律禁止”是“零容忍”政策的规定,而非“动物饲料业者”的想法,故排除。
3. In European farmers' eyes, ______.
A.it's reasonable for people to worry about GM effect
B.it's understandable to set an absolute limit on GM products
C.they will be broken if EU helps them to limit GM effect
D.0.5 percent is too high a standard
A B C D
A
[定位] 由题干中European farmers' eyes定位到第二段第三句…says Pekka Pesonen,…representing 15 million EU farmers in total. [精析] 同义转述题[考频:8] 。根据第二段第三句中秘书长Pekka Pesonen所说:“我们可以理解欧洲消费者的担心,但不能理解零容忍政策,它会毁了整个行业。”而A)“人们担心转基因的影响是有道理的”是对秘书长Pekka Pesonen说话内容的同义表达,因此为正确答案。 避错 第二段第三句明确指出“不能理解零容忍政策”,所以B)错误;第二段第四句说欧盟应采取较为实际的审查方法以便使弄明不破产。由此可以说明C)错误;第二段第四句中秘书长Pekka Pesonen提到,除非设定一个标准(如50%),低于这个标准的转基因可以容忍,否则农民会破产,说明这个标准是可接受的,因此D)错误。
4. After some shipments are refused to be imported, ______.
A.trade is going down all the way
B.people sign trade on time
C.goods are getting more expensive
D.merchants try risking trading again.
A B C D
C
[定位] 由题干中shipments,refused,imported定位到第三段最后两句The rejected tonnage…leads to delays to subsequent contracts,higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments. [精析] 细节推断题[考频:99] 。第三段倒数第三句说明自亚麻禁令发布之后。一百多艘船的饲料遭拒。最后一句指小此事件导致之后的合同签署延迟、价格上涨及进口商不愿再冒险进口。而C)“货物变得更贵”与此句意思相符,故为正确答案。 避错 第三段第三句“贸易正在慢慢恢复”,A)“贸易一直在下滑”与原文意思相悖;第三段最后一句提到“合同签署延迟”,排除B)“按时签订合同”;第三段最后一句提到“进口商不愿再冒险进口”,D)“进货商再次冒险进口”与其意思相悖。
5. In the near future, ______.
A.some officials concerned will leave their positions
B.it will be possible to reach an agreement on GE
C.the commission will be refreshed
D.the new commission will consider more significant matters
A B C D
C
[定位] 由题干中near future定位到第五段第一句A further conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. [精析] 综合判断题[考频:66] 。第五段第一句中due意为“到期,期满”,replace意为“代替,换人”,该句意思是“由于所有欧洲的官员在二月份就要换届更新,更大的矛盾出现了。”而C)“委员会将会换届更新”与之相符,因此为正确答案。 避错 A)中some与第五段第一句中all内容不符,因此错误;第五段最后两句中…intensive discussion on feed imports have already taken place…和it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter…说明分歧严重,因此近期不大可能达成协议,因此B)错误;第五段最后一句中…it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter…可以说明D)错误。
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank, lf you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wonder whether 67. ______ they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, but 68. ______ others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have being planning and looking 69. ______ forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy (怀 孕) was an accident what both husband and wife have accepted willingly 70. ______ or unwillingly. What the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift 71. ______ from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunate, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this 72. ______ resocialization process. Although numerous books have been written on American mothers, only recently have literature focused on the role of a 73. ______ father. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make for the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a 74. ______ complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative (创新的) adaptation, on the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. However, even as we mentioned the fact that growing 75. ______ numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many the breadwinner in the household. 76. ______
[解析] the fact that...outside the home是我们在日常生活中曾经提到过的,为过去时态,因此mentioned使用过去式。immediate与demanding共同修饰the father's role,表示“向父亲这个角色转换不是那么苛刻,也不是很迅速”。由However和even推断,该句应含有转折意味,而as只表示原因或伴随,且很少与even搭配;even if/though意为“虽然,尽管”,可以引导让步状语从句,表转折。故将as改为if或though。
10.
many∧the—as
[解析] many可以作名词,相当于the many,意为“多数人”。breadwinner意为“挣钱养家的人”。be thought as意为“被看作是…”,相似的用法还有be considered/seen/regarded as等。
Part Ⅵ Translation Directions:Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
1. The soldiers____________(由于没有休息一直向前走而感到非常疲惫)in a blizzard.
are very exhausted for they have advanced forward without rest
本句首先考查的是“疲惫”的表达方法exhausted,例句:I am exhausted! (累死我了!)它还有另一个意思是“耗尽”,例句:Your deposit is exhausted. (你的存款支净了。)其次考查的是advance forward“向前走”这个短语,例句:They advanced forward despite difficulty or opposition. (他们奋勇向前不顾困难和反对。)同时在这里for表示原因,引导原因状语从句,He was late for school for he got up late this morning. (今早他因为晚起而迟到了。)
2. It must have been the lifeguard ______ (在危险关头给出了信号).
who gave the signal in time of danger
[解析] 本题考查强调句的用法。强调句的固定句型是It is...that/who,本题强调主语the lifeguard,因而用who引导。整个句子发生在过去,故用过去时。“给出信号”可译为give the signal;“危险关头”可译为in time of danger,注意time前不用加定冠词the。类似的表达还有:in time of stress在困难时刻,in time of War在战争时期。
3. When you purchase a car,keep in mind ______ (你购买的不仅仅是一堆金属与橡胶); you are buying into service departments and manufactures who care about your safety.
that you are buying more than just metal and rubber
4. In the past five years, ____________________ ( 中国的经济增长速度超过了许多发达国家).
China's economic growth rate overtook that of many developed countries
[考点] ① economic growth rate表示“经济增长速度”;②overtake表示“超过”;③代词表示省略:that of...;④developed countries表示“发达国家”。
5. It has not been decided yet __________________________________ (谁负责这个新项目).
who should he in/take charge of the new project
[解析] ①考查主语从句,此句主语较长,故用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置。②be in/take charge of sth.意为“负责某事”。 [点睛] 注意几个常考句型,如:should/ought to have done表示“本该做却没做”;needn't have done表示“不该做却做了”。